Tuesday Pasteur

L’Institut Pasteur
The Institut Pasteur

130 years of scientific research at the service of human
health and medical progress for everyone
A non-profit foundation with recognized
charitable status
Four missions to serve scientific progress and the improvement of human health
 Research
Conducting outstanding research, at the international level, to improve global
health.
 Public health
A mission of public health including 14 National Reference Centers and 6 WHO
collaborating centers (health monitoring, alerts and interventions).
 Training
Teaching and training in biology, life sciences and public health, in Paris and
across the Institut Pasteur International Network.
 Innovation
Development of research applications and technology transfer.
« Our institute will be simultaneously a health centre for the treatment of rabies, a research centre for
infectious diseases and a teaching centre. » Louis Pasteur, 1887
Our values !
130 years of scientific research at the service of human
health and medical progress for everyone!
 Serving Humanity
Women and men serving science and human health
 A universal mission
Bringing medical progress worldwide (global health)
 Perseverance
Since 1888, a commitment to the medical progress of
tomorrow
 Transmission of knowledge to future

generations
Teaching and training future scientists
Scientific and technological excellence
1885 Human Rabies vaccine
1921 BCG vaccine
1954 Polio vaccine
1970 Isolation of the first neurotransmission receptor
1983-85 Discovery of AIDS virus (HIV-1 and 2), diagnostic testing
1985 Hepatitis B vaccine, first vaccine by genetic engineering
A saga of
1997 Sequencing of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome
major
2000 Discovery of the mechanisms of infection of Shigella and Listeria discoveries
2003 Identification of two genes associated with autism
Discovery of the mechanisms of cellular recognition of bacteria
2006 Evolutionary history of the Chikungunya virus
2008 Identification of a new source of neurons in the adult brain
2012 Discovery of post-mortem stem cells
2015 Identification of artemisinin resistance gene in malaria parasite
2015 Ebola: sequencing of the genome of the circulating virus in
Guinea (spread and evolution of the virus)
2016 Zika: risk of microcephaly associated with the virus, causal link with Guillain-Barré syndrome
2018 Nuclear organization of the chromosome
10 Nobel Prize laureates
1907 1908 1919 1928

Alphonse Laveran Elie Metchnikoff Jules Bordet Charles Nicolle
Discovery of the parasite that Father of cell-mediated Role of antibodies Works on typhus, role of lice
causes malaria immunity in transmission of the
infection
1957 1965 2008

Daniel Bovet André Lwoff - Jacques Monod Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
Discovery of the first and Francois Jacob Luc Montagnier
antihistamine and the first Discovery of the genetic regulation system of Discovery of the HIV virus
synthetic curare-like agents, enzymes and viruses as cause of AIDS
pioneer in medicinal
chemistry
An international scientific organisation in the heart of Paris
 12 scientific departments
 More than130 research units
 20 technological platforms
 2780* employees
 900* PhD students

A campus of 55 000 m2
 70* nationalities
* Figures as of December 31, 2018
An international network of 32 institutes
5 continents 23,000 people

25 countries 16 WHO collaborating centres
Within the international network, institutes united by common values and missions share their knowledge
and their research programs, and contribute to the international health watch.
Strategic Plan 2019-2023’s priorities
Our ambition : Give new impetus to basic research and increase its impact on health challenges
Three scientific priorities Two concerted actions
Brain
connectivity
Emerging Vaccinology
Antimicrobial and neuro- Cancer
infectious
Resistance degenerative
diseases
diseases
Three strategic axes to respond to public health
challenges
Area 1
• Demographic and environmental changes, globalization

Emerging infectious
• > 50 new infectious diseases since 1980
diseases
• 10 million deaths each year
• Increase in multidrug-resistant infections

Area 2
Antimicrobial
• Estimated social cost of €1.5 billion/year in the EU
resistance
• 700,000 deaths worldwide each year, 33,000 in the EU
• Aging population
Brain connectivity
• 1.2 million people affected by Alzheimer's and related
Area 3
and
dementias in France
neurodegenerative
diseases • 27% of the French population affected by psychiatric
disorders
Axis 1: Emerging infectious diseases
Scientific objectives
Analyze the diversity and complexity of
hosts as they come into contact with
microbes.
Understand host-microbe interactions.
Study the biology of vectors and their

role in the emergence of infection.
Explore the microbial diversity and

complexity of emerging diseases.
Axis 2: Antimicrobial resistance
Understand the emergence of
resistance by combining epidemiology,
genomics, statistics and modeling
techniques.
Analyze the physiology, ecology and

evolution of microorganisms.
Identify new drugs and therapeutic

strategies in response to antimicrobial
resistance.
Axis 3: Brain connectivity and neurodegenerative
diseases
Improve understanding of sensory
deficits (deafness), neurodevelopmental
disorders (autism) and psychiatric
disorders (mood disorders and
addiction), neurodegenerative diseases
(Alzheimer's and Parkinson's) and other
neurological conditions (sepsis,
neuroinflammation and microbial
damage).
Understand the impact of commensal

microbes and pathogens on brain
function and neurodegeneration.
Concerted action for Cancer
47 research units
• Genetics, epigenetics, heredity of cancer, senescence
• Immuno-oncology, immunotherapy
• Pathogens and cancer
• Microenvironment and cancer
• Cancer and neuroscience
• Development of biomarkers
• Therapeutic targets
Concerted action for Vaccinology
28 Research Units
• Immune response
• Animal models
• Screening of biomarkers
• Identification of antgens
• Developement of vaccine platforms
• Developement of vaccine candidates
Provide a favorable technological environment
Support teams Extend our

through capabilities for
cross-cutting analyzing living
expertise systems
Embrace the Complete the

digital NanoImaging
revolution initiative
Support research groups through transversal
expertise
 4 centers with transversal expertise support the
research groups:
• Technology: C2RT
• Animal research: C2RA
• translational research: CRT
• Bioinformatics: C3BI
 Center for Technological Resources and Research

• 17 core facilities, 90 employees providing service and
training in cutting-edge technologies
• Genomics, proteomics, imaging, protein and nanobody
production, structural biology, screening
• Technology development projects (TechLab)
Thank you
Training and education
L’Institut Pasteur
at Institut Pasteur
Dominique Franco
Education Coordinator/Education Department
Education to serve scientific progress and health
(since 1888)
« Our institute will be at the same time a
HEALTH centre for the treatment
of rabies, a RESEARCH centre
for infectious diseases and a TEACHING
centre. »
Louis Pasteur, 1887
ACTIONS in EDUCATION
Courses
Workshops
E-Learning
Graduate
And Undergraduate
students
PhDs Scientific
Tutoring
to
training for
Entrepreneurship
in life sciences
ACTIONS in EDUCATION
Courses
Workshops
E-Learning
Graduate
And Undergraduate
students
PhDs Scientific
Tutoring
to
training for
Entrepreneurship
in life sciences
40 Classroom COURSES delivered at IP Paris
www.pasteur.fr/education
 Out of the 40 courses, 20 on Public Health

topics
(Medical Entomology, Tuberculosis, Vaccinology, Emerging viruses,
Resistance to antibacterial agents, etc)
(14 Master in Public HealthPasteur/CNAM)
 High-tech working environment and staff

(Classrooms and labs)
900 Students from 60 Countries
Initial education (Master and PhD levels)

Continuing education (i.e. researchers in Life Sciences, physicians, veterinarians, pharmacists,
public health policy makers)
750 faculties, half from abroad
 Classroom teaching: 5000 h
 Lab. Technical practice: 2500 h

Course directors and lecturers are major scientists
and experts in the field
Françoise Barré- Lluis Quintana-Murci

Sinoussi Scientific Director of Institut Pasteur
2008 Nobel Prize of (2015-2017)
Medicine Professor at « Collège de France »
Arnaud Fontanet Pascale Cossart

Head of the Pasteur-CNAM Permanent Secretary of the French
Specialized Master on Public Health Academy of Sciences
Professor at « Collège de France »

Opportunities offered by the Institut Pasteur
International Network
→ 32 institutes
→ 26 countries
→ 5 continents
→ 23000 people
 Field expertise
 Work on the ground
 Courses in LMIC
Since 2014 Switch to online Educations
www.pasteur.fr/en/e-learning-mooc
→ MOOCs (Massive Online Open Courses)

→ Makes Pasteur courses available worldwide (LMIC)
→ Increases the visibility of Institut Pasteur Education
Mean number of Mean number of

learners: 3 850 countries: 120
Medical Entomology: 2428 learners,166 countries 69,21% foreigners

MOOC topics
17 broadcasted MOOCs 1 MOOC broadcasted soon
1- Concepts et méthodes en épidémiologie (x6) 1- Vaccinology (New MOOC)
2- Vaccinology (x2)
3- From Neuron to behavior 5 MOOCs in prep
4- In the footsteps of Zika… approaching the unknown 1- Emerging and reemerging viruses
(UGE) (10/19)
5- Global health (UGE) 2- Viral hepatitis (02/20)
6- Innate immunity (x2) 3- Biobanking (04/20)
7- Medical entomology (x2) 4- Clinical trials in infectious and tropical
8- Microbes and brain diseases (04/20)
9- Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in global 5- Modeling of infectious diseases (6/20)
health
10- Tuberculosis (+ XuetangX)
11- Malaria 3 MOOCs in project (2021)
12- Resistance to antibacterial agents (+ UVS) 1- Bonne utilisation des antibiotiques (IP
13- HIV Science (X2) Dakar)
14- Viruses and Human cancers 2- Water borne infectious diseases (IP
15- Advanced stem cells biology Dakar, Guinée)
16- Epigenetics 3- Circulation des agents anti-infectieux et
17- Human population & Evolutionary Genetics maitrise du risque
Four diffusion platforms
谢谢
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Arnaud Fontanet
Head, Department of Global Health
Timeline of recent major crises
Escherichia coli 1 severe
0104:H4
Ebola
(Central
West Nile
Fever
crisis
Africa) (U.S.)
Chikungunya Ebola every
Mad cow (La Réunion) (West Africa)
Pulmonary
3-5 years
disease plague
(Madagascar)
1976 1996 1999 2005 2011 2014 2017

1981 1997 2003 2009 2012 2015 2018
Pandemic
Avian
SARS flu Zika
flu Ebola
A(H1N1)
AIDS MERS (Central Africa)
Most often a virus, from animal origin

Six thematic areas
Infectious
diseases
emergence and
transmission
Novel dynamics
approaches 23 entities Host-pathogen
to diagnosis,
Interactions
vaccination
33 entities
and therapy
13 entities
Pathogen
genomics Vector-pathogen
and Interactions
microbiota 4 entities
8 entities
Pathogen
biology
12 entities
IP International Network (IPIN)
32 Institutes in 26 Countries
Components
Articulationofbetween
outbreak investigation,
preparednesscontrol
and response
& research
‘Peace’ time Training, capacity building, laboratory strengthening
Multidisciplinary intervention team

Outbreak Clinical
Anthropolog Epidemiology
investigation y (veterinary)
infectious Entomology Microbiology
& control time
diseases
Data and samples
Outbreak research
Pathogen
identificatio
Natural n
Population-based history, Host-Pathogen-based
including
genetics and
immunology Chemical
Sequencing
Anthropology Transmission Vector structure, receptor
phylogenetic Cell biology
Communication and modelling Vector control competence and target cell
studies
studies studies identification
Diagnostic In vitro
Vaccine Drug
Population-based control measures tests and animal
development development
development models
Human clinical trials

Zika virus (ZIKV) spread
(Weaver, mBio, 2017)
39
Yap Island outbreak,
Micronesia, 2007
(Duffy MR et al. NEJM 2009)
• Benign disease
• 80% asymptomatic infections
• Attack rate of 73%
40
Components
preparednesscontrol
and response
& research

Outbreak Clinical
& control time
diseases
Data and samples
Outbreak research
Pathogen
identificatio
Natural n
including
genetics and
immunology Chemical
Sequencing
studies
Diagnostic In vitro
Vaccine Drug
development models

French Polynesia outbreak (2013-2014)
Guillain-Barré syndromes (GBS)

N= 42 (*17)
Patients Controls
(n=42) (n=98)
Recent Zika- 88%
like infection
Neutralising 100% 56%
antibodies
(Cao Lormeau et al. The Lancet 2016)

42
Microcephaly: association with Zika virus?
November 2015
-Notifications in Brazil
-Virus found in amniotic fluid
February 2016
WHO: Public Health Emergency of International Concern
Photograph: Felipe Dana/AP; http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/jan/25/zika-virus-mosquitoes-countries-affected-pregnant-
43
women-children-microcephaly; http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&Itemid=270&gid=33296&lang=en
Components
preparednesscontrol
and response
& research

Outbreak Clinical
& control time
diseases
Data and samples
Outbreak research
Pathogen
identificatio
Natural n
including
genetics and
immunology Chemical
Sequencing
studies
Diagnostic In vitro
Vaccine Drug
development models

Zika and microcephaly, French Polynesia, 2013-14
Retrospective study: prenatal diagnosis of congenital
abnormalities and medical files at birth
microcephaly cases
Maximal risk: 1st trimester

Risk: 1% (*50)
(Cauchemez et al. The Lancet 2016)

Components
preparednesscontrol
and response
& research

Outbreak Clinical
& control time
diseases
Data and samples
Outbreak research
Pathogen
identificatio
Natural n
including
genetics and
immunology Chemical
Sequencing
studies
Diagnostic In vitro
Vaccine Drug
development models

Components
preparednesscontrol
and response
& research

Outbreak Clinical
& control time
diseases
Data and samples
Outbreak research
Pathogen
identificatio
Natural n
including
genetics and
immunology Chemical
Sequencing
studies
Diagnostic In vitro
Vaccine Drug
development models

Components
preparednesscontrol
and response
& research

Outbreak Clinical
& control time
diseases
Data and samples
Outbreak research
Pathogen
identificatio
Natural n
including
genetics and
immunology Chemical
Sequencing
studies
Diagnostic In vitro
Vaccine Drug
development models

Detection of Zika virus in urine – New Caledonia, 2014
◼︎ Blood
▲ Urine
(Gourinat, EID, 2015)

Components
preparednesscontrol
and response
& research

Outbreak Clinical
& control time
diseases
Data and samples
Outbreak research
Pathogen
identificatio
Natural n
including
genetics and
immunology Chemical
Sequencing
studies
Diagnostic In vitro
Vaccine Drug
development models

ZIKV (Asian, New Caledonia 2014) infection of Aedes
populations of Madeira and France, 2016
Infection rate:
prop. with
Infected bodies
Dissemination
rate: prop. with
infected heads
Transmission (Jupille H, PLoS NTD, 2016)

rate: prop. with
infected saliva
51
Components
preparednesscontrol
and response
& research

Outbreak Clinical
& control time
diseases
Data and samples
Outbreak research
Pathogen
identificatio
Natural n
including
genetics and
immunology Chemical
Sequencing
studies
Diagnostic In vitro
Vaccine Drug
development models

Zika virus genome from the Americas, 2015
(Enfissi et al. The Lancet, 2016)

Components
preparednesscontrol
and response
& research

Outbreak Clinical
& control time
diseases
Data and samples
Outbreak research
Pathogen
identificatio
Natural n
including
genetics and
immunology Chemical
Sequencing
studies
Diagnostic In vitro
Vaccine Drug
development models

Structural basis of Zika-dengue virus
antibody cross-neutralization
(Barba-Spaeth et al, Nature, 2016)

Components
preparednesscontrol
and response
& research

Outbreak Clinical
& control time
diseases
Data and samples
Outbreak research
Pathogen
identificatio
Natural n
including
genetics and
immunology Chemical
Sequencing
studies
Diagnostic In vitro
Vaccine Drug
development models

Zika microcephaly mechanism
(Gladwyn-Ng et al, Nature Neuroscience, 2018

Components
preparednesscontrol
and response
& research

Outbreak Clinical
& control time
diseases
Data and samples
Outbreak research
Pathogen
identificatio
Natural n
including
genetics and
immunology Chemical
Sequencing
studies
Diagnostic In vitro
Vaccine Drug
development models

ZIKV-associated neurological congenital abnormalities,
French Territories of the Americas, 2016-2017
(n=555 foetuses and infants)
12,7%
Minor lesions
Severe lesions
5,3%
3,6%
1st 2nd 3rd (Hoen et al, NEJM, 2018) (Hazin et al, NEJM, 2016)
Components
preparednesscontrol
and response
& research

Outbreak Clinical
& control time
diseases
Data and samples
Outbreak research
Pathogen
identificatio
Natural n
including
genetics and
immunology Chemical
Sequencing
studies
Diagnostic In vitro
Vaccine Drug
development models

Components
preparednesscontrol
and response
& research

Outbreak Clinical
& control time
diseases
Data and samples
Outbreak research
Pathogen
identificatio
Natural n
including
genetics and
immunology Chemical
Sequencing
studies
Diagnostic In vitro
Vaccine Drug
development models

Components
preparednesscontrol
and response
& research

Outbreak Clinical
& control time
diseases
Data and samples
Outbreak research
Pathogen
identificatio
Natural n
including
genetics and
immunology Chemical
Sequencing
studies
Diagnostic In vitro
Vaccine Drug
development models

Zika research in the IP International Network,
2014-present (>250 articles)

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L’Institut Pasteur

The Institut Pasteur

 Transmission of knowledge to future

1907 1908 1919 1928

1957 1965 2008

 More than130 research units

 900* PhD students

5 continents 23,000 people

Three scientific priorities Two concerted actions

• Demographic and environmental changes, globalization

• Increase in multidrug-resistant infections

Understand host-microbe interactions.

Study the biology of vectors and their

Explore the microbial diversity and

Analyze the physiology, ecology and

Identify new drugs and therapeutic

Understand the impact of commensal

Support teams Extend our

Embrace the Complete the

 Center for Technological Resources and Research

 Out of the 40 courses, 20 on Public Health

 High-tech working environment and staff

Initial education (Master and PhD levels)

 Classroom teaching: 5000 h

 Lab. Technical practice: 2500 h

Françoise Barré- Lluis Quintana-Murci

Arnaud Fontanet Pascale Cossart

Professor at « Collège de France »

→ MOOCs (Massive Online Open Courses)

Mean number of Mean number of

Medical Entomology: 2428 learners,166 countries 69,21% foreigners

1976 1996 1999 2005 2011 2014 2017

Most often a virus, from animal origin

Multidisciplinary intervention team

Data and samples

Human clinical trials

(Weaver, mBio, 2017)

(Duffy MR et al. NEJM 2009)

Multidisciplinary intervention team

Data and samples

Human clinical trials

Guillain-Barré syndromes (GBS)

(Cao Lormeau et al. The Lancet 2016)

Multidisciplinary intervention team

Data and samples

Human clinical trials

Maximal risk: 1st trimester

(Cauchemez et al. The Lancet 2016)

Multidisciplinary intervention team

Data and samples

Human clinical trials

Multidisciplinary intervention team

Data and samples

Human clinical trials

Multidisciplinary intervention team

Data and samples

Human clinical trials

(Gourinat, EID, 2015)

Multidisciplinary intervention team

Data and samples

Human clinical trials

Transmission (Jupille H, PLoS NTD, 2016)

Multidisciplinary intervention team

Data and samples