Database

Database store the data in a well-organized manner for easy access and retrieval.

A database is a collection of objects such as tables, views, stored procedures, triggers, functions,
etc.

Create Database

Syntax:

CREATE DATABASE <Database_name>;

Query:

CREATE DATABASE Edu_TSQL_file;

Alter Database

Syntax:

ALTER DATABASE <Databse_name>

MODIFY NAME = <New Name>;

Query:

ALTER DATABASE Edu_TSQL

MODIFY NAME = Edu_TSQL_Alter;
Delete Database

Syntax:

DROP DATABASE <Databse_name>

Query:

DROP DATABASE Edu_TSQL_Alter;

Table
A Table is an object which stores data in Row & Column format.

Create a Table

Syntax:

CREATE TABLE tableName

(
column_1 datatype [ NULL | NOT NULL ],
column_2 datatype [ NULL | NOT NULL ],
...
);

Query:

CREATE TABLE COURSE

(
Course_ID Int,
Course_Name Varchar(10)
)
Insert

Syntax

INSERT INTO tableName

(column_1, column_2, ... )
VALUES
(expression_1, expression_2, ... ),
(expression_1, expression_2, ... ),
...;
Query:
Insert into COURSE values (1,'SQL');
Insert into COURSE values (2,'Python');
Insert into COURSE values (3,'SQL');
Insert into COURSE values (4,'C');

SELECT statement:

Syntax:

SELECT expression
FROM tableName
[WHERE condition];

Query:

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE PersonID=1;

Syntax:

SELECT * FROM Tablename;

Query:

SELECT * FROM COURSE;

Create a New Table using an existing table.

Now say we want another table like COURSE table created above. However, we need only one
column of Course_Name and not Course_ID.

Syntax:

SELECT (Column 1, …) INTO <New Table name> FROM <Old Table name>;

Example Query:

SELECT COURSE_NAME INTO COURSE_NAMES FROM COURSE;

Alter Table

Syntax:

Alter TABLE <Table name> ADD Column1 datatype, Column2 datatype;

Query:

ALTER TABLE dbo.Course_Title ADD Course_Duration VARCHAR(20);

Drop Table

Syntax:

DROP TABLE <tableName>;

Query:

DROP TABLE COURSE_NAMES;

Delete Table

Syntax:

DELETE <Table name>;

Query:

DELETE CUSTOMER_INFO;
But, it will delete only rows (data). Table structure will remain intact.

Primary Key
Syntax:
CREATE TABLE <Table_Name>
(
Column1 datatype,
Column2 datatype,CONSTRAINT <Name> PRIMARY KEY (Column name)
.
);

Query:

CREATE TABLE COURSE_TSQL_PK

(Course_ID Int not Null,
Course_name Varchar(20)
CONSTRAINT PK PRIMARY KEY (Course_ID))
UPDATE

Syntax

UPDATE TABLENAME
SET COLUMN_Name =
(
CASE
WHEN COLUMN_Name = '--' THEN 'VALUE.'
WHEN COLUMN_Name = '--' THEN 'VALUE'
WHEN COLUMN_Name = '--' THEN 'VALUE'
WHEN COLUMN_Name = '---' THEN 'VALUE'
END
)
Query:
UPDATE LECTURES
SET Tutorial_Name =
(
CASE
WHEN Tutorial_Name = 'SQL' THEN 'Structured Query language.'
WHEN Tutorial_Name = 'PL/SQL' THEN 'Oracle PL/SQL'
WHEN Tutorial_Name = 'MSSQL' THEN 'Microsoft SQL.'
WHEN Tutorial_Name = 'Hadoop' THEN 'Apache Hadoop.'
END
)
Example