Grammar Coach: Affirmative and Negative

of Be with I, He, and She

Hello. Today's lesson is about the affirmative and negative of be with I, he, and she.

I am Lisa. I am a teacher. I am from California.

That's Paulo. He is from Peru. That's Carmen. She is a student.

Affirmative means yes, or that something is true. Let's look at some affirmative sentences
with be:
I am a teacher.
He is from Peru.
She is a student.
Carmen is in Level 1.

We use I with am. We use he, she with is. We also use a name with is.
We form contractions by putting the subject pronoun and the verb be together.

I am becomes I'm: I'm a teacher.

He is becomes He's: He's from Peru.
She is becomes She's: She's a student.

We usually use contractions in conversation.

Negative means no, or that something is not true.

Let's look at some negative sentences with be:
I am not from New York.
He is not from Canada.
She is not a teacher.
Carmen is not in Level 2.

Notice how not comes after the verb be.

We can also make contractions with not.

I am not becomes I'm not: I'm not from New York.

He is not becomes He's not or He isn't: He's not from Canada. OR He isn't from Canada.
She is not becomes She's not or She isn't: She's not a teacher. OR She isn't a teacher.

So here are some things you know about me:

I'm a teacher.
I'm not a student.
I'm from California.
I'm not from New York.
What about you?

Grammar Coach: Affirmative and Negative

of Be with We, You, They, and It
Hello. Today's lesson is about affirmative and negative sentences of be, with we, you, they,
and it.

That's Yolanda. We are friends. Yolanda and her husband, Pablo, are from Mexico.

Let's look at these affirmative sentences with be:

Yolanda and I are friends. We are friends.
Yolanda and Pablo are from Mexico. They are from Mexico.
This class is Level 1. It is Level 1.
You are a student. You are students.

Notice that we use you for one person and for more than one person. We use we, you,
and they with are. We use it with is.

We form contractions by putting the subject pronoun and the verb be together. For
example:
We are becomes We're: We're friends.
You are becomes You're: You're a student. You're students.
They are becomes They're: They're from Mexico.
It is becomes It's: It's Level 1.

We use be plus not to say that something is not true. These are called negative sentences.
Look at these examples.

We can also make contractions with not.

We are not becomes We're not or We aren't: We're not sisters. We aren't sisters.
You are not becomes You're not or You aren't: You're not students. You aren't students.
They are not becomes They're not or They aren't: They're not from New York. They aren't
from New York.
It is not becomes It's not or It isn't: It's not Level 3. It isn't Level 3.

Grammar Coach: Be: Yes/No questions and Short

Answers
Hello! Today's lesson is about the verb be in yes/no questions and short answers. We call
these yes/no questions because you answer yes or no. For example: Are you ready for the
lesson? Yes? Good!

First, let's review statements with the verb be. Notice: The first word is a subject,
like you or he. The second word is a form of the verb be, like is or are.

To ask yes/no questions, move is or are to the beginning of the statement. Then put a
question mark at the end. For example:
You are a student.
Are you a student?

He is a photographer.
Is he a photographer?

She is a writer.
Is she a writer?
We are students.
Are we students?

They are scientists.

Are they scientists?

To answer yes, use these short answers.

Yes, I am.
Yes, he is.
Yes, she is.
Yes, we are.
Yes, they are.

To answer no, use these short answers.

Notice: We often use contractions with negative short answers.
No, I'm not.
No, he's not.
No, she's not.
No, we're not.
No, they're not.

We do not use contractions with affirmative short answers. For example:

Are you a student? Yes, I am.
NOT: ...

Grammar Coach: Be: Information questions

with Where

Hi. Today's lesson is on using the verb be plus from to ask and answer questions
with where.
Here are some examples of statements:
I'm from San Francisco, in California. My parents are from California, too, but they aren't
from San Francisco. They're from Los Angeles. My friend Ana isn't from the U.S. She's
from Mexico City!

We use be from to talk about a person's place of origin—home city, town, state, province,
or country. I can say, "I'm from San Francisco," "I'm from California," or "I'm from the U.S."
We can use contractions of be, especially when we speak.

Look at these statements:

• I'm from San Francisco.
• They're from Los Angeles.
• She's from Mexico City.
They use a form of be and from.

We use where and a form of the verb be plus from to ask about place of origin.
Where are you from?
Where is he from?
Where are they from?
We can contract where is to where's, especially when we speak. Now tell me about you.
Where are you from?

Grammar Coach: Be: Information questions

with What

Hello! Today's lesson is about the verb be in information questions with what.
Hello. Are you a new student? Welcome to our class! My name is Lisa Rizzo. I'm your
teacher. I have some questions for you. First… What's your name? And… What's your
email address?

We use what and be to ask for information about things. For singular things – or one thing –
use What is, or the contraction What's. For example:
What's your name?
What's his phone number?
What's her email address?

For plural things – or two or more things – use What are. For example:
What are their names?

Be careful! We do not contract what are.

What are their ages?
NOT: ...

Now tell me a little more about yourself. What are your favorite TV shows? What's your
favorite kind of music?

Grammar Coach: Present Continuous

Hi there! Today's lesson is about statements in the present continuous.

Just a minute … The phone is ringing. Hello … Anna? Where are you? I see. You're waiting
for the bus. Can you call me later? … I'm teaching now. I'm teaching a lesson on the
present continuous. OK. Bye.
Sorry about that!

. For example:
The phone is ringing, You're waiting for the bus, and I'm teaching are all actions in
progress.

For present continuous affirmative statements, use a form of the verb be—am, is, or are—
and the –ing form of the verb. For example:
I am working.
He is working. OR You are working.

In speaking, we often use contractions. For example:

I'm working.
He's working. OR You're working.

For negative present continuous statements, add the word not. For example:
I am not sleeping.
He is not sleeping. OR You are not sleeping.

In speaking, we often use contractions. For example:

I'm not sleeping.
He's not sleeping. OR You're not sleeping.

We can also contract is not as isn't and are not as aren't. For example, we can say:
He isn't sleeping. OR You aren't sleeping.

But be careful! There's only one way to contract I am not. You can say:
I'm not sleeping.
NOT: ...

Oh. Now Anna is texting me. Be patient, Anna. I'm still teaching!

Grammar Coach: Adverbs of Frequency

Hello! Today's lesson is on the simple present tense and frequency adverbs. Frequency
means how many times – or how often – we do something. They answer the question How
often?

For example, let me tell you how often I do things on the weekend.
On the weekend . . .
I always read the newspaper.
I usually sleep late.
I sometimes go to the movies.
I never work.

Always, usually, sometimes, and never are frequency adverbs.

Always means 100% of the time.
Usually means about 90% of the time.
Sometimes means about 50% of the time.
Never means 0% of the time.

Notice the word order with simple present tense verbs like sleep and work. We put the
frequency adverb before the verb. For example:
He always sleeps late.
NOT: ...

We never work on the weekend.

NOT: ...

Notice the word order with the verb be: We put the frequency adverb after the verb. For
example:
My friends are usually tired after work.
My sister is always busy on the weekend.

I'm usually hungry after work. I always carry a snack in my bag!

Grammar Coach: There is / There are: Statements
and Questions

Hello! Today's lesson is on there is and there are.

But first, let me show you a photo of my apartment.

There is a small kitchen. It's an eat-in kitchen. There is no dining room. The bedroom is
small, but there are two closets in the bedroom. The living room is my favorite room. There
are three big windows in the living room. It's very bright!

We use there is to talk about singular nouns. For example:

There is a small kitchen.
There is no dining room.
There's is the contraction of there is. We use there's in spoken English and in informal
writing.
There's a small kitchen.
There's no dining room.

We use there are to talk about plural nouns. For example:

There are two closets.
There are three big windows.

Notice the word order for yes/no questions with there is and there are. We
put isor are before there.
Is there a kitchen? OR Are there closets?

To answer yes/no questions with there, we can say:

Yes, there is. OR No, there isn't.
Yes, there are. OR No, there aren't.
Isn't is the contraction for is not. Aren't is the contraction for are not.
We can use the full form, No, there is not and No, there are not, but we mostly use the
contractions.

We often use the word any with questions with Are there and with statements with there
aren't. For example:
Are there any closets?
There aren't any closets.

Now, are there any questions?

Grammar Coach: Past of Be: Statements

Hello. Today's lesson is about the past tense of the verb be.

I was on vacation last week. The weather was nice, and my hotel was comfortable. There
wasn't a swimming pool, but there was a beautiful beach. There were two restaurants in the
hotel. They were good, and they weren't expensive.

Look at the verbs.

I was on vacation last week. The weather was nice, and my hotel was comfortable. There
wasn't a swimming pool, but there was a beautiful beach. There were two restaurants in the
hotel. They were good, and they weren't expensive.

I'm talking about the past. We make the past tense of be with was and were. There are no
short forms, or contractions, in affirmative sentences. It was not expensive. They were not
expensive.

They have short forms, or contractions: wasn't and weren't.

It wasn't expensive. They weren't expensive.
We use the short forms when we speak and in informal writing.

Grammar Coach: Past of Be: Questions and

Answers

Hi there. This lesson is about questions and answers with the past of be.

I spoke to my friend Kelly last night. She's going to a job interview today. She knows the
interviewer is going to ask questions. For example: What was your last job? Was it full-
time? How long were you there?

Let's look at how we use the past of be to make yes/no and information questions. To
form yes/no questions with be in the past, begin with were or was. For example:
Were you happy?
Was the job full-time?
Was it a good job?

We use were with you and they. We use was with he, she, and it. We can answer these
questions with short answers. For example:
Were they happy?
Yes, they were. OR No, they weren't.
Was it a good job?
Yes, it was. OR No, it wasn't.

We form information questions with be in the past by beginning with the question word. For
example:
What was your last job?
How long were you there?
How was the interview?

Use were with plural subjects. For example: How long were they there?
Use was with singular subjects. For example: How was the interview?

We can give short answers to information questions. Look at these examples: ...

Was that helpful? I hope so.

Grammar Coach: Too and Very

Hello. Today's lesson is on using the word too with an adjective.

Wow. It's too cold in here!

Do you want my sweater?
Thanks. It's too big, but that's OK.

We use too before an adjective to make it stronger. For example:

It's too cold. OR It's too big.

Too with an adjective often has a negative meaning. We don't use it with positive adjectives
like happy. For positive adjectives, we use very or so.
I'm very happy.
I'm so happy!
NOT: ...

We often use too and an adjective to politely decline requests and invitations. For example,
we can say we can't do something because it's too late or we're toobusy.

My friends are going out tonight, but I can't go. I'm too tired!

Grammar Coach: Simple Past: Statements

Hi! Today's lesson is about statements in the simple past tense.

Last night I watched a movie on TV. It started at 7 and ended at 9. The movie was in
French. It didn't have subtitles, so I didn't understand everything. But I enjoyed it.

Look at these affirmative sentences. Notice the regular past verb forms.
Last night I watched a movie on television.
It started at 7 and ended at 9.
I enjoyed it.

Now look at the negative sentences.

It didn't have subtitles.
I didn't understand everything.

To make negative statements in the simple past tense, we use the contraction didn't or the
long form did not. The forms are the same with all subjects, singular and plural.

Now let's study the spelling of regular past tense affirmative verbs. For most verbs, we add
-ed in the past form. For example, watch becomes watched.

For example, like becomes liked.

When the verb ends in one vowel and one consonant, we double the consonant. For
example, stop becomes stopped.

For example, studybecomes studied.

Grammar Coach: Simple Past: Irregular verbs

Hello. This lesson is about irregular verbs in the simple past tense.

We bought tickets online. We got there early, and we got good seats. After the movie, we
met our friends at a nearby coffeehouse. We had a great night out!

Look at the verbs:

We bought tickets online. We got there early and we got good seats. After the movie, we
met our friends at a nearby coffeehouse. We had a great night out!

We're talking about the past. The verbs are in the past tense, but they don't end in –ed.
Their form is irregular.

Let's look at the verbs in the base form and past forms. Do you know these?
Went is the past form of go.
Bought is the past form of buy.
Got is the past form of get.
Met is the past form of meet.
And had is the past form of have.

Here are some more irregular verbs.

Remember: We use the base form of the verb in negative past tense statements. For
example:
Anna didn't go to the movies.
I didn't have coffee.

Grammar Coach: Future with Will

Greetings. This lesson is about the future with will.

This is a photo of my grandmother. Tomorrow is her birthday. She'll be 80 years old! My

parents are planning a small party for her. My brother and sister and their families will be
there. I won't be there, but I'll see her the next time I'm in Los Angeles.

One way is to use will or won'tplus the base form of the verb.

We can use will to talk about something that we are sure will happen in the future.

She'll be 80 years old.

My brother and sister will be there.
I won't be there.
I'll see her the next time I'm in Los Angeles.

Will has the same form with all subjects:

I will go, you will go, he will go, and so on.

We usually use contractions in speaking and in informal writing:

I'll, you'll, he'll, she'll, it'll, we'll, they'll.
For example:
It'll probably rain tomorrow.
They'll be at the party.

In negative sentences, we use the long form will not or the contraction won't for all persons:
They will not arrive today
They won't arrive today.

To _make yes/no questions, we_put will_before the_subject:

Will she arrive today?

To answer, we can use short answers.

Will she arrive today?
Yes, she will.
No, she won't.

Wh- questions have this form:

Wh-word_+_will +_subject +_base form_of the_verb

Where will they go on their next vacation?

Where will you go on your next vacation?

Grammar Coach: And and But

Hi. Today's lesson is about forming compound sentences with and or but.

Before we start the lesson, let me tell you about myself and my family.

I'm outgoing, and I have a lot of friends.

Sharon is my sister. She's married, and she and her husband have a baby. They're
busy, and they're very tired!
David is my brother. He's funny, but he's moody. He isn't married, but he has a
girlfriend.

I'm outgoing, and I have a lot of friends.

She's married, and she and her husband have a baby.
They're busy, and they're very tired!
He's funny, but he's moody.
He isn't married, but he has a girlfriend.

To form compound sentences with and, we join sentences with similar ideas. For
example, look at these two sentences: I'm outgoing. I have a lot of friends.

We add and, and they become the compound sentence: I'm outgoing, and I have a lot
of friends.

Here's another example: They're busy, and they're very tired!

To form compound sentences with but, we join sentences with different or opposite
ideas. For example: He's funny. He's moody.

We add but to form the compound sentence: He's funny, but he's moody.
Here's another example: He isn't married, but he has a girlfriend.

Grammar Coach: Simple Past: Yes / No Questions

Hi there. This lesson is about using the simple past tense in yes/no questions.

I stayed home last night. I didn't go out. What about you? Did you go out last night? Did you
stay home?

Look at the yes/no questions in the past tense.

Did you go out last night?
Did you stay home?
Did you have dinner out?
Did you cook?

We use did in questions and short answers. For example:

Did you go out last night?
Yes, I did. OR No, I didn't.

The form is the same for all subjects, singular and plural.
Did they see a movie?
Yes, they did. / No, they didn't.
We use the base form of the verb in questions with did.

To answer, we can use short answers. For example:

Did you go out last night?
Yes, I did.
No, I didn't.

Did they cook dinner?

Yes, they did.
No, they didn't.

Notice that we can use contractions in negative short answers, but not in affirmative short
answers.

Grammar Coach: Simple Past: Information

Questions
Hi there. This lesson is about using the simple past tense in information questions.

What did you do last weekend? Where did you go? When did you get home?

Look at the information questions in the past tense.

What did you do last weekend?
Where did you go?
When did you get home?

We use wh-question words and did in most simple past tense information questions.
For example:
What did you eat?
Where did you eat?
When did you eat?
The form is the same for all subjects, singular and plural, and we use the base form
of the verb. For example:
What did you do?
What did he want?
What did she eat?
What did they cook?

But when who is the subject, we don't use did. We use the past tense form. For
example:
Who ate the cookies?
NOT: ...

Who went to the party?

NOT: ...

Grammar Coach: Be going to

Hello. Today's lesson is about be going to to talk about future plans.

I'm very excited about next week. I'm going to go home. My brother David is going to
meet me at the airport. And my parents are going to make a special dinner.

We use be going to and the base form of the verb to express future plans. Notice
how we form affirmative sentences with be going to.

We use a subject, a form of the verb be (am, is, or are, or a contraction), going to,
and the base form of a verb. For example:
I'm going to eat.
He's going to go.
They're going to meet.

For negative sentences: we put the word not after the verb be. We often use
contractions. We can say:
I'm not going to eat.
He's not going to go.
OR
They're not going to meet.

We can also say:

He isn't going to eat.
OR
They aren't going to eat.

Grammar Coach: Object Pronouns

Hi! Today's lesson is about object pronouns.

It's my mother's birthday next month. I want to get a gift for her. These slippers look
comfortable… I really like them. Maybe I'll buy them for her. Hmm…

These words are object pronouns. They take the place of nouns.
me you him her it us them

I really like the slippers.

I really like them.
Do you want to buy that TV?
Do you want to buy it?

I didn't see my friend Tara today.

I didn't see her today.

Object pronouns can come after verbs. In this position, we call them direct objects.
For example:
I really like them.
Do you want to buy it?
I didn't see her today.

Them, it, and her are direct objects.

Object pronouns can also come after prepositions, like for, to, in, about, and of. For
example:
I want to buy a gift for him.
I gave the slippers to her.
I have to think about it.

For him, to her, and about it are prepositional phrases.

first. This is true when the object is a noun or pronoun.

I bought some slippers for my mother.

NOT: …

I bought them for her.

NOT: …

Grammar Coach: Want to / Need to / Have to

Hello. Today's lesson is about want and need with the infinitive in the simple present
tense.

I need to buy some new clothes. I want to get a sweater. I don't need to get a warm
coat. It's not very cold here!
My friend Tara just bought new jeans. They're a little tight, but she doesn't want to
exchange them. She got a new dress, too. It was very expensive, and now she wants
to return it.

I need to buy some new clothes.

I want to get a sweater.
I don't need to get a warm coat. She doesn't want to exchange them.
She wants to return it.

We can use the verbs want or need with an infinitive in affirmative sentences.
Remember, we form an infinitive with to plus the base form of the verb:
I need to buy some new clothes.
I want to get a sweater.
She wants to return it.

In these sentences, we have the verb want or need followed by the infinitive: need to
buy, want to get, wants to return.
We can also use the verbs want or need with an infinitive in negative sentences.
Remember, we use doesn't want or doesn't need when the subject is he, she, or it.
We use don't want or don't need with other subjects.
I don't need to get a warm coat.
She doesn't want to exchange them.

Here we have the negative form of the verb want or need followed by the
infinitive: don't need to get, doesn't want to exchange.

Notice that we can also use a noun after want and need.
I need clothes.
She doesn't want the dress.

Grammar Coach: Comparative Adjectives

Hi! Today's lesson is about comparative adjectives.

I'm from San Francisco, but I grew up in Los Angeles. Los Angeles is bigger than
San Francisco. In my opinion, it's sunnier than San Francisco, too. I think the people
are friendlier in San Francisco. And San Francisco has better restaurants than Los
Angeles. Which city is more expensive? I don't know…they're both very expensive!

Bigger, sunnier, hotter, friendlier, better, and more expensive are comparative
adjectives.

We use them to compare two people or things.

Los Angeles is bigger than San Francisco.
And it's sunnier and hotter than San Francisco, too.
I think the people are friendlier in San Francisco.
And I think San Francisco has better restaurants than Los Angeles.
Which city is more expensive?

We often use the word than after comparative adjectives. For example:
Los Angeles is bigger than San Francisco.
I think San Francisco has better restaurants than Los Angeles.

But we can also make comparisons without than. For example:

San Francisco is rainy, but Seattle is rainier.
A new motorcycle is expensive, but a car is more expensive.

Here are spelling rules for forming comparative adjectives.

For adjectives of one syllable ending in -e, add -r. For example: large – larger.

For adjectives of one syllable spelled consonant-vowel-consonant, double the last

consonant and add -er. Wet – wetter.

For adjectives of one syllable, in general, add -er. Small – smaller; green – greener.

For adjectives of 2 syllables ending in -y, change the -y to -i and add -er. For
example: friendly – friendlier.

For adjectives of two or more syllables not ending in -y, the comparative form is
usually more plus the adjective. For example:
modern – more modern;
expensive – more expensive.
A few comparatives are irregular:
good – better;
bad – worse.

For example:
This hotel is better than that one.
My new job is worse than my old one.

Grammar Coach: Superlatives

Hi there. This video is about superlative adjectives.

I love classic cars. I have photos of classic cars in my living room.

Do you want to see the pictures?

This car is the biggest one. It's my least favorite.

This car is the oldest. It's from the 1960s.

These two cars are the most expensive. But I don't think they're the prettiest—or
should I say the handsomest?

I think this car is the coolest! It's my favorite.

the biggest
the oldest
the coolest
the prettiest
the most expensive
my least favorite
—these are superlative adjectives.

We use superlative adjectives to compare one thing to all other things in the same
group.

Here are the spelling rules for forming superlative adjectives.

For adjectives of one syllable, in general, add –est to the adjective. For
example: old/the oldest.

For adjectives ending in –e, add –st to the adjective. For

example, handsome/handsomest.

For adjectives of one syllable, spelled consonant-vowel-consonant, double the last

consonant and add –est. For example: big, the biggest.

For most adjectives of two or more syllables, not ending in –y, add most/leastbefore
the adjective. For example: popular, the most popular/the least popular

A few superlatives are irregular:

good, the best;
bad, the worst;

For example:
That was the worst movie I've ever seen.

Remember to use the or a possessive before a superlative adjective.

She bought the most expensive car.

NOT: [no audio]

These are my most favorite cars.

NOT: [no audio]

The opposite of the most is the least. Use the least with all adjectives. For example:
This car is my least favorite.
Those cars are the least expensive.

Grammar Coach: There is and There are with count

and non-count nouns

Hello. Today's lesson is about there is and there are with count and non-count
nouns.

What's on the table? Can you guess what I'm going to make?
There are two dishes on the table. There's some ice in one dish. There are five
strawberries in the other dish. There's also a banana on the table. And there's some
yogurt.

Look at the affirmative sentences with there is and there are.

There are two dishes on the table.
There's some ice in one dish.
There are five strawberries in the other dish.
There's also a banana on the table.
And there's some yogurt.

There is and There are mean that something exists in a particular place.

We use there is before singular count nouns and before non-count nouns. We
usually use the contraction, there's.
Remember to use a or an with singular count nouns: There's a banana on the table.

We often use some with non-count nouns: There's some ice in the dish. There's
some yogurt on the table.

We use there are with plural nouns: There are strawberries in the dish.

It's also correct to use a number or some with plural nouns:

There are five strawberries in the dish.
There are some strawberries in the dish.

Now, let's look at negative statements.

We use there isn't with singular count nouns: There isn't an apple on the table.
We use there isn't any with non-count nouns: There isn't any milk on the table.

We use there aren't any with plural nouns: There aren't any apples on the table.

Finally, we use Is there any and Are there any in yes/no questions. For example:
Is there a banana on the table?
Yes, there is.
No, there isn't.

Is there any milk on the table?

Yes, there is.
No, there isn't.

Are there any apples?

Yes, there are.
No, there aren't.

Notice the order of the words in the questions. Is or are comes before the
word there. Any comes after the word there:
Is there any milk on the table?
Are there any apples?

Don't use contractions in affirmative answers.

Yes, there is.
NOT: ...

Now, can you guess what I'm going to make? A smoothie! Mmmm!

Grammar Coach: How much + non-count

nouns; How many + plural count nouns
Hi. Today's lesson is about how much and how many with nouns.

Do you drink a lot of tea? 8 cups? Wow. And how much sugar do you use? Two
teaspoons? That's a lot of tea and sugar!

We say, How many cups of tea do you drink?

Cups is a count noun.
To ask about a count noun, use How many + the plural form of the noun.

Here are some more examples:

How many tomatoes do we need?
How many eggs are in the fridge?
How many potato chips did you eat?
We say, How much sugar do you use?
Sugar is a non-count noun.
To ask about a non-count noun, use How much + the non-count noun.

Here are some more examples:

How much butter do we need?
How much chicken is in the fridge?
How much chocolate did you eat?

Wow. With all this talk about food, I'm getting really hungry!

Grammar Coach: And / Too / Either

Hi. Today's lesson is about simple present additions. We can make additions to affirmative
sentences with and and too, and we can make additions to negative sentences with and,
not, and either.

Let me start by telling you a little about my life, friends, and family. I work in a language
school, and my friends Ana and Lauren do, too. I don't have children, and Ana doesn't,
either. My parents live in California, and my brother David does, too. David doesn't have a
job, and his friends don't, either.

First let's take a closer look at two of these sentences:

I work in a language school, and my friends Ana and Lauren do, too.
My parents live in San Francisco, and my brother David does, too.

We use and and too to make additions to affirmative sentences in the simple present tense.
Look at this chart:
My parents live in San Francisco, and he does, too.

Remember: We use do when the subject is I, you, we, or they.

We can also make additions to negative sentences in the simple present tense. We
use and, not, and either to join two negative sentences. For example:
I don't have children, and Ana doesn't either.
David doesn't have a job, and his friends don't, either.

Look at this chart:

David doesn't have a job, and you don't, either.
David doesn't have a job, and she doesn't, either.

Notice that we use a comma before too and either:

I do, too.
He doesn't, either.

Grammar Coach: Should / Shouldn't

Hi. This lesson is about should for suggestions and advice.

I need advice. What should I do? My friends are having a big party tonight. And I have a
cold. I know... I should stay home. I should rest. I shouldn't go to the party. I shouldn't leave
my house. But I really want to go!
What do you suggest?
What should I do?

We use should to make suggestions. For example:

You should stay home.
You should rest tonight.

We also use the negative form – should not or the contraction shouldn't – to make
suggestions. For example:
You should not go to the party.
You shouldn't go to the party.

You should not exercise today.

You shouldn't exercise today.

Notice that we use the base form of the verb after should or shouldn't. The form is the same
for all subjects.

We can also use should to ask for advice. For example:

What should I do?
What should they do?

Now, back to my problem...

What should I do tonight? Should I go to the party? Or should I stay home?