Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Plastics can be classified as a group of man-made or natural organic materials that can

be molded and then hardened, including many types of resins, polymers, cellulose

derivatives, casein materials, and proteins. Plastics made from non-renewable resources such

as petroleum products, are now very common and are being used almost everywhere as such;

in packing materials, in bottles, cell phones, plastic bags and more. They are being so

extensively used because of their durability, strength, malleability, low reactivity and cost

efficiency. However, together with all its benefits is the fact that it is highly pollutant and

plastics nowadays have become a big environmental issue. Nowadays, people are more aware

about the harmful effects of petrochemical derived plastic materials in the environment.

Researchers have conducted many researches for managing plastic waste on earth by finding

eco-friendly alternative to plastics. This ecofriendly alternative is bioplastics, which are

disposed in environment and can easily degrade through the enzymatic actions of

microorganisms.

Bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable

fats and oils, straw, woodchips, starch, etc. It was developed as an alternative material to

petroleum-based plastics that are harmful for our environment because it is synthetic and it

does not mix with nature. Though bioplastics are eco-friendly, its mass production causes

negative effect on the supply of food for human consumption. Instead of producing products

like grains for food supplies, they used it for production of bioplastic materials. The focus of

this research study is to produce practical alternative materials in comparison to some natural

component such as different kind of leftover rice. This study is focused on determining the
durability using several tests such as tensile strength test, water absorption test and

biodegradability test.

Bioplastics present a potential alternative to petroleum-based plastics. Reducing oil

consumption and promoting a greener environment remain an important goal for the

sustainably-minded today. This study aim is to investigate the potential of producing

bioplastics using leftover rice. These thousands of granules are subject to be collected as the

main ingredient of creating bioplastic. Through this, we can lessen the percentage of rice

wastage and help people how to process and convert those wastes into useful materials that

are eco-friendly.

Objective of the Study

The general goal of this study is to develop an alternative bioplastic material using

natural polymer that can be found on households and to extend the utility of “leftover rice” as

one of main component on fabricating bioplastic. This project is planned to somehow resolve

environmental problems due to the dilated usage of Petro-based plastics and to reduce

wastage of rice. Specifically, this research study aims to determine the proper mixtures in

fabricating bioplastic made by leftover rice using trial and error process. We are also aiming

to determine the durability of the fabricated bioplastic from leftover using several tests such

as tensile strength test, water absorption test and biodegradability test, and then we will

compare it to the existing commercial bioplastic material.

Scope and Limitations

Bioplastics came from various materials such as corn starch, cassava starch, potato

starch, rice starch and the likes. Using bioplastics as an alternative material for petroleum

based-plastic would be beneficial for our environment because it is generally compostable, it

decays into natural materials that blend harmlessly with nature, but since the main ingredient

for producing bioplastic are vital part of food supply for human consumption we aim to find

alternative sources that doesn’t cause negative effect in food production. This study focuses

on developing bioplastic materials from leftover rice that is a food wastes, as its base. We

will prepare leftover rice and isolate the starch from it that will serve as polymer, glycerin

that acts as plasticizer which lubricates the plastic and make it more pliable, distilled water as

solvent and vinegar that will help to dissolve the starch and make plastic less brittle. These

ingredients will undergo in gelatinization process, we are going to mix these ingredients and

boil it until it gelatinize. After it gelatinizes, we will spread it on aluminum or plastic

containers and let it dry in sunlight. When it is dry and ready, we are going to compare it with

the existing commercial bioplastic using several tests, such as tensile strength test,

biodegradability test and water absorption test. This research limits on testing our own

fabricated bioplastic from leftover rice and compare its characteristics on the existing

commercial bioplastic.

Significance of the Study

The result of this study will be very significant for the preservation and protection of

our environment from the harmful and destructive effects of non-biodegradable plastic

materials which is one of the biggest issues in the Philippines. It could also reduce food

wastes in our country since it uses leftover rice for its production.

This study may also help our next generation researchers to develop different kinds of

materials made from bioplastics that are not harmful for our environment, more durable,

budget friendly and sustainable.

 Chapter 2

Literature Review

Plastic pollution is not a new issue that humanity is facing right now. Long before, we

are already experiencing tons of environmental problems because of petroleum based plastics

or those plastics that are non-biodegradable. Yes, majority of the things around us are made

by plastics and it looks like there is nothing wrong about it but we cannot hide the increasing

waste problems caused by the petroleum-based plastics especially in our environment.

Some environmental organization promotes recycling but the uses of petroleum based

polymers have numerous adverse impact on atmosphere. “Most of the plastic waste ended up

in the landfill creates pollution with the accumulation of chemicals, only 10% of plastics have

been recycled (I.M Shamsuddin 2017)”. It did not work, the demands of the petroleum based

plastics are continuously increasing. As a result, mass production of petroleum based plastic

continued as well. Another idea was introduced to us, namely reduce, it means if we cannot

avoid using plastics, why not try to reduce using it? The lesser the demands in using plastics

may result in lesser production of it.

There are also studies and researches that could help us in solving our problems about

petro-plastic wastes. One is the use of biodegradable plastics that are made by starch or

cellulous. These starch-based and cellulous based plastics can be biodegradable or

compostable as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.

Figure 1(http://handbag.bapala.org/biodegradable-poly-bags-manufacturers-in-india/)
 Figure 1 “A biodegradable product breaks down into smaller compounds with the

help of biological organisms, such as fungi and bacteria. In aerobic conditions, biodegradable

products will break down to produce carbon dioxide, water and biomass.

In anaerobic conditions, they produce carbon dioxide, methane, water and biomass

(sciencelearn.org.nz).

Figure 2 https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/new-customized-compostable-

materials/

Figure 2 “A compostable product also breaks down into smaller compounds with the

help of biological organisms, but it does so in specific conditions to a defined outcome. In

general, a compostable product breaks down in a specific timeframe in a controlled moist,

warm, aerobic environment to produce compost that is non-toxic and can enhance soil and

support plant life”(sciencelearn.org.nz).

There are various types of starch used in creating biodegradable plastics such as corn

starch, potato starch, rice starch, etc. but using rice, corn and potatoes as alternatives in

creating plastics may cause a negative effect in our food production. “Many of the bioplastics

are also contributing to the global food crisis by taking over large areas of land previously

used to grow crops for human consumption (theguardian.com)”. As mentioned on the

previous part of the paragraph, a lot of materials we are using today are made out of plastics,

even inside our classrooms. The focus of this research is to create biodegradable plastic

materials as alternatives to petroleum-based plastics that could help to reduce plastic waste
problems using rice starch coming from leftover rice so that it would not affect food

productions and somehow help to reduce wastage of rice. Using bioplastics can be the best

option as an alternative to petroplastics, “Based on the need to rely on sustainable feedstock,

depend less on fossil resources and decrease carbon emissions, biomaterials and

biodegradable plastics as substitutes of conventional petroleum based plastics have been the

focus of many material scientists, architects and industrial product designers.” (Gokce E.

2018). In this research we will also include different issues in bioplastics, like its

sustainability, its durability, resistance, and its lifespan. This study evaluates the

sustainability of bio-based plastics including all the stages of their life cycles to assist in

decision making about selection of these materials in today’s society, but throughout their life

cycles they contribute to pollution and depletion of non-renewable natural resources. Bio-

based plastics appear to be more environmentally friendly materials than their petroleum-

based counterparts when their origin and biodegradability are compared. But which of the

bio-based plastics currently on the market or soon to be on the market are preferable from an

environmental, health, and safety perspective? There are lots of researches that talks about

how to reduce the production of petroleum-based plastics. There are some are finding ways

through different materials or substances which can create as an alternative biodegradable

plastic such as:

https://www.naturalfoodseries.com/11-benefits-bitter-melon-bitter-gourd/

Figure 3 Momordica Carantia

 Figure 3 .Momordica charantia bioactive polysaccharide was used as an alternative

source for the production of bio-based plastics (BPs) and choline chloride/glycerol based

deep eutectic solvent (DES) was added as a plasticizer. In summary, using DES as a

plasticizer had significantly improved the properties of BPs and the BPs could provide a

broad range of applications for the food and nutraceutical industries. A starch graft

poly(methy1 acrylate) copolymer was developed having grafted side chains with molecular

weight of less than 500,ooO. This material can be easily extruded into a film which shows

excellent initial tensile strength and elongation. Tensile strength, however, falls off rapidly

after 70 hr of water immersion at 25OC. Starch graft poly(methy1 acrylate) films show

excellent susceptibility to fungal growth, some samples losing more than 40% of their weight

after 22 days of incubation with Aspergillus niger. Tensile tests and scanning electron

micrographs of the incubated samples, after being freed of mycelium, indicate substantial

biodegradation of the starch portion of the copolymer. This material may have application as

a biodegradable plastic mulch.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biodegradable alternatives to many types of

petroleum-based plastics. Ralstonia eutropha, the PHA production model organism, has been

genetically manipulated by the Sinskey laboratory to produce the versatile PHA,

poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) (P(HB-co-HHx)). In the current issue of B&B,

Riedel and co-workers develop a high cell density cultivation process to produce P(HB-co-

HHx) from palm oil. Plant oils like palm oil are favourable carbon feedstock, due to their

higher carbon content and lower price, compared to refined sugars. Batch, extended batch,

and fed batch fermentation procedures were analyzed in this work. The highest yields of

polymer biosynthesis were achieved using a fed batch process with palm oil as the sole

carbon source and urea as the nitrogen source. Using this process, high levels of both biomass

and polymer were produced, with a uniquely high HHx monomer percentage. The high

productivity of this process suggests scalability for industrial PHA production. In our part, we
will create a bio-plastic product made of left over rice or spoiled rice. We target to design a

useful material like ruler, t-square, protractor, ballpen holder, and other product using this

substance.

There are many research topics related to the use of starch in making biodegradable

plastics. We can check the usage of corn starch, banana peel or even potato starch on

producing such eco-friendly material. Starch consists of two types of anhydro-glucose

polymers amylose and amylopectin [Gadhave R.V, Das A., Mahanwar P.A, Gadekar P.T,

2018, Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry, pg. 24]. Several tests have been conducted as well

to prove its durability to become a Petroleum- Based Plastic alternative. As of now, Starch-

based plastics were somehow improving its characteristics in some aspects like its water

resistance, tensile strength and processing properties. Among its advantages, the starch is

cheap, abundant and renewable also. In relation to that, our research will not only conserve

this attribute but will try to improve its economic advantage by using cooked/spoiled rice.

Hence, the usage of rice starch has been popular with regards to Bioplastic creation [Kapoor

A., Sharma R., Shrivastava S., 2017, Journal of Advance Research in Biotechnology]. With

this research proposal, we will test the probability of using Cooked/Spoiled rice as our

specimen and try to produce a sustainable kind of material in terms of bioplastic production.

This research will promote also the consolidation of solutions on the problem we are

currently experiencing in our country. First, the environmental problems because of

petroleum-based plastics and secondly, the wastage of rice. That’s why we agreed to use

cooked/left-over or spoiled rice instead of raw rice or ordinary rice starch because of rice

shortage scare.

The product of this research project can be helpful to others as well as the students.

Because of the wide range application of plastics in our society, this research can serve as

substitute to other plastic educational necessities just like Pen holder, Ruler and even T-

square used by Architecture students. Through expanding need of the consumers, it is not
only the environment that we can help to improve but the upgraded use of eco-friendly

material as well.

Conceptual Model

The Bioplastic material was made through the mixture of different significant components.

Different studies show that starch from altered environmental friendly elements such as corn,

potato, rice, jicama etc. are being used in making biodegradable plastic material. Findings

show also that plastic produced using starch as polymer can be compared to the existing

commercial plastics in terms of its durability and usage for daily purposes. This research

study was originated from the said concept producing a bioplastic material using “left-over”

rice. Aside from the starch (polymer), different ingredients are needed such as distilled water

(solvent), vinegar (acid), glycerin/glycerol (plasticizer) together with several tools in order to

produce bioplastic material. A conceptual model was developed as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4. Conceptual model of fabricating bioplastic through leftover rice by gelatinization

process
Operational Definition of Terms

In creating bioplastic using “left-over” rice, different operational terms were used for

the process, components and materials. The following list provides definition for the terms

used in this study:

Leftover rice - are cooked rice that are subjected for food wastage

Bioplastic - are biodegradable materials that came renewable resources.

Compostable - these materials are added to compost piles, which are designated sites with

specific conditions dependent on wind, sunlight, drainage and other factors.

Biodegradable - refers to the ability of materials to break down and return to nature. In order

for packaging products or materials to qualify as biodegradable, they must completely break

down and decompose into natural elements within a short time after disposal – typically a

year or less.

Gelatinization - Starch gelatinization is the process where starch and water are subjected to

heat causing the starch granules to swell. As a result, the water is gradually absorbed in an

irreversible manner. This gives the system a viscous and transparent texture. The result of the

reaction is a gel, which is used in sauces, puddings, creams and other food products,

providing a pleasing texture.

Eco-friendly – means not harmful to the environment.

Polymer -Polymers are made up of many molecules all strung together to form really long

chain

Petroleum based plastic - plastics that are made from synthetic polymer.

Durability - is the ability to endure expected conditions over time. It is a type

of quality and reliability that is associated with long lasting items that don't break with stress.
 Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS

Petroleum-based plastics are very useful materials in so many areas from mass

productions in Industrial field down to the simplest materials inside our households, but there

is a huge problem on the waste management of plastics in our country. Petro plastic cause’s

major toxic pollutants like [1] Dioxins, Furans, Mercury and Polychlorinated Biphenyls into

the atmosphere it has the potential to cause great harm to the environment in the form of air,

water and land pollution.

One solution for the wastes problem caused by petroleum based plastics is to use

bioplastics or eco-friendly materials that came from corn starch, cassava starch, potato starch,

rice starch, etc. but using products that are vital for human food consumption as alternatives

for petroleum-based plastic may cause negative effect from the supply of food production.

The primary aim of this research is to find alternative source of biodegradable plastic

that would not cause negative effect on the food production. That’s why we came up with an

idea to use left over rice as alternative base materials in producing bioplastics. The edge of

this research is that through bioplastics we may be able to produce various useful materials

while helping to reduce plastic pollutions and at the same time reduce wastage of rice, using

left over rice as an alternative. Figure 3.1 shows the annual food wastage globally the figure

3.2 shows the environmental impact of wastage of rice and how does it affect our economy.
 Figure 3.3 Annual food waste globally

Figure 3.4 Adverse Environmental Impact

Procedure

The first process we need to be done is the preparation and cleaning of ingredient

specifically the left-over rice through the use of water, this process was made in order to

remove some unwanted residue. We will use weighing scale to determine the proper weight
of the ingredients, syringe to measure the volume of our liquid ingredients, a blender to crush

leftover rice and some cooking utensils such as hot pan, spatula, gas stove, plastic containers

and aluminum. We will crush 250g. of left-over rice with 125ml. of water using blender until

it reaches the desired texture for the process of extracting starch from leftover rice. We will

add 100ml of water to the crushed leftover rice then boil it on a hot pan, after boiling, we will

filtrate it using screen mesh and put it on a plastic container and wait until it cools. Filtration

process needs to be done in order to separate the starch granules from the residue of the rice

which may affect the quality of the starch as polymer.

After extracting the starch from leftover rice, the starch polymer needs to be mixed

with other ingredients such as 150ml distilled water (solvent), 10ml white vinegar (acid) and

10ml Glycerin/Glycerol (plasticizer). We will mix the following ingredients on a pan and stir

it in counter clockwise motion for 5 minutes. After mixing is the boiling process, we will

continuously stir the mixed ingredients on the pan, turn on the stove into hot temperature

until it reaches the boiling point, when it produces bubbles and turns its physical appearance

into emulsion, turn off the stove but continuously stir the mixture to maintain its thickness

and paste-like appearance.

The paste will be configured to a mold and will be formed depending to the design of

mold we are using. After that, we will let it dry on a cool and dry area for a day or two.

List of materials

Starch from leftover rice – serves as the polymer (Polymer is a substance that has a

molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded

together) ; Vinegar - we are going to vinegar so that the starch came from leftover rice may

dissolve more easily because of its acetic contents ; Distilled water - use as solvent to help

denaturing the starch ; Glycerol/ glycerin – serves as plasticizer, Glycerin is a trihydroxy

sugar alcohol found in the natural fats of vegetables and animals ; Food color – to add color

for the bioplastics (optional) ; Spatula, Small pot, Tray, Aluminum foil, Measuring cups,

Stove, Screen mesh, Molder or frame, Thermometer, Beaker

OPERATION AND TESTING PROCEDURE:

Test Variables that can be used for the bioplastic:

First is the tensile strength test, we will conduct the trial of tensile test with the use

marbles that weights 1.8g each. We will hook marbles and add more until the bioplastic was

torn apart. The test will use three samples of bioplastic from left over rice. The commercial

bioplastic will be tested with the same method as well as comparison of its tensile strength

with bioplastic produced.

Next is the water absorption test, we are going to check the durability of bioplastic

through the use of water. We are going to place the product to a container filled with water

for five hours and we will examine the state of the plastic after the immersion process.

Lastly is the biodegradability test, to determine the biodegradability of bioplastic from

leftover rice, we are going to cut three samples of 25𝑐𝑚2 of bioplastic then engrave it for 48

hours and measure the decreased area from it.

 Figure 3.4 shows the diagram of fabrication procedure of biodegradable plastics using

leftover rice.

Figure 3.4
 Chapter 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter presents the project description, and structure, capabilities and

limitations, project test results, and final evaluation outcome of the study about the

fabrication of bioplastic from leftover rice.

Project Description

The mixture of the ingredients formed a nontransparent and thick paste that serves to be the

final product of our emulsion process. After several hours of parching and exposing the paste

to the sunlight, it became solidified with an opaque appearance. The bioplastic films

produced was translucent, yellowish in color and elastic. The residue of the rice was visible

on each sample since it is the base/polymer used in creating such bioplastic and the plasticity

caused by the glycerin will be noticed to every film as well.

Figure 4.0
Project Structure

There were several processes that have been conducted by our team in order to form a

bioplastic film using “left-over rice”. One of those processes was the extraction of the starch

from our main ingredient which was the “leftover rice”. First, we added water to the rice and

grinded it using an electronic blender until it acquired paste-like appearance. Then we placed

the crushed rice to a metal container and expose it to heat for several minutes, we let the

pasted rice to extract starch until it attain its boiling point. After the extraction, we filtered the

rice for several times with the use of screen mesh/strainer. The starch was mixed with 100ml

of distilled water, 10ml of white vinegar and 10ml of pure glycerin. After combing of

ingredients, the mixture was exposed to the stove again with a very low setting for the

emulsion process. We mixed the ingredients until it reach its boiling point and became thick

paste. We transferred the mixture to several kind of container disc and form a plastic film

through the paste and exposed it to sunlight in order for it to solidify.

Project Capabilities and Limitations

The focus of this research study is to fabricate bioplastic material from leftover rice as

an alternative source rather than perennial products that are food source for human. The

fabricated bioplastic films are translucent, thick, elastic and can be form depending in your

molder. A 36𝑐𝑚2 bioplastic film from leftover rice can carry an approximate weight of 220g.

- 250g. . It can dissolve on water for hours and it is more compostable than the existing

commercial bioplastics. The fabricated bioplastic is not capable of carrying wet, sharp and

heavy loads.
Project Evaluation

Test Results

These are the results of durability test of bioplastic films from leftover rice that we

conducted including tensile strength test, water absorption test and biodegradability test. We

conducted the tests in March 3 – March 15, 2019 at Malagasang 1 – C, City of Imus Cavite.

Tensile Strength Test

The bioplastic was tested and compared to the commercial biodegradable plastic

using the tensile strength test. We prepared three (3) 36cm2 films of our bioplastics for our

sample and named it as A1, A2, A3, We also prepared three (3) 36cm2 strips of commercial

biodegradable plastic and named as B1, B2, B3. The focus of this test was to determine the

tensile strength of the fabricated bioplastic from leftover rice and compare it to the existing

commercial biodegradable plastic.We applied certain amount of weight to the bioplastics

sample and the biodegradable plastic to see the tensile strength of films, we used pieces of

marble weighing 1.8 grams and a hook. On the first trial, we placed 50 pieces of marble to

the A1 and B1, the weight of the marbles are equal to 90 grams. Each sample has shown

stability and strength on the first trial, then we added another 90 grams of marbles but same

result happened, we added more and more loads by 10’s (18 grams) until it reaches a total of

130 marbles which is equal to 234 grams, at this point, sample A1 started to tore apart and

break into two but sample B1 remains. We repeated the same procedure on sample A2, A3 and

B2, B3 . Sample A2 tore apart at 216 grams, A3 at 234 grams but sample B2 and B3 showed the

same result with sample B1. Figure 4.1 shows that commercial biodegradable plastic remains

its structure at 234 grams of loads while figure 4.2 shows bioplastic from leftover rice tore

apart at 234 grams.

 Figure 4.1 Figure 4.2

Table 4.1 below shows the data and the results of the tensile strength conducted for

the bioplastic film from leftover rice and the commercial biodegradable plastic.

Table 4.1

Sample First Testing Second Testing Final Testing Result

A1 90 g. 180 g. 234 g. Breaks at 234 g.

of load

A2 90 g. 180 g. 216 g. Breaks at 216 g.

of load

A3 90 g. 180 g. 234 g. Breaks at 234 g.

of load

B1 90 g. 180 g. 234 g. No damage

B2 90 g. 180 g. 234 g. No damage

B3 90 g. 180 g. 234 g. No damage

Water Absorption Test

This test was conducted to determine the water absorption of bioplastic film from

leftover rice. We soaked three samples of bioplastic films and commercial biodegradable

plastic on a container with water that has a temperature of 26o – 28o Celsius. After 5 hours we

have observed that the texture of the three samples of bioplastic film changes as they turn into

jelly-like material but the commercial bioplastic is still the same. After 12 hours, the

bioplastic samples started to break but the commercial biodegradable plastic remains its

structure, and after 48 hours, all samples of bioplastic from leftover rice break into small

pieces but the samples from biodegradable plastic doesn’t have any changes. This shows that

the fabricated bioplastic films from leftover rice can withstand water for a shorter period of

time compare to the existing biodegradable plastic and it can dissolve faster than the

commercial biodegradable plastic. In Figure 4.3, shows the appearance of bioplastic films

being soaked for 48 hours.

Figure 4.3 Bioplastic films soaked in water for 48 hours

Biodegradability Test

This test was conducted to compare the biodegradability of bioplastic film from

leftover rice to the existing commercial biodegradable plastic. We buried three samples of
36cm2 bioplastic films and commercial biodegradable plastic on a compost soil and waited

for 48 hours. We named the samples from bioplastics as A1, A2 and A3, then the commercial

biodegradable plastic as B1, B2 and B3.

Figure 4.4 and 4.5 shows the appearance of the bioplastic films from leftover rice

before and after biodegradability test.

Figure 4.4 Before Biodegradability Test

Figure 5.5 After Biodegradability Test

 The table 4.2 below will show the results of the conducted biodegradability test for

bioplastic films for leftover rice and commercial biodegradable plastic.

Sample Results after 48 hours

A1 1 hole/1 area decreased

A2 2 hole/ 2 area decreased

A3 2 hole/ 2 area decreased

B1 No significant change

B2 No significant change

B3 No significant change

Table 4.2 Biodegradability test

 Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This experimentation is about developing a bioplastic material using “left-over rice” as

our main component. The mixture of several ingredients such as starch from left-over rice,

glycerin, distilled water and vinegar produced a bioplastic film that has been tested in several

methods as indicated on this research study.

Summary of Findings

The bioplastic made with leftover rice starch displays similar characteristics as can be

seen on a regular biodegradable plastics on the market based on the tests executed. For its

tensile strength, the test showed that the bioplastic needs improvement for its stability and

strength. Nonetheless, it still managed to portray a qualification of being a functional

bioplastic material. While the result of its water solubility test proves that the bioplastic can

be easily dissolved in water and it will not cause clog in drainage or gutter in case of glitch in

its disposal happened.

Conclusions

The result of the tests on the bioplastic film made from the left-over rice starch shows

that the bioplastic material can be an effective alternative to the existing starch-based

bioplastics in terms of its appearance and characteristics. We were able to utilize the usage of

the leftover rice and develop an innovative bioplastic with its starch. This research study

demonstrates the proper mixture of the ingredients like glycerin, distilled water and vinegar

in fabricating such kind of bioplastic as well. We were also managed to determine its physical

characteristics with the use of different test methods such as tensile strength test, water

solubility test and biodegradability test together with the existing biodegradable plastic.
Recommendations

For additional research study with regards to this experimentation, we recommend the

following suggestions:

1. Determine more accurate mixture or additional composition to improve the plasticity and

tensile strength of the bioplastic.

2. Produce a useful bioplastic material like educational tools or equipment.

3. Experiment with color application on the bioplastics.

References

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Plastic Waste- A Review. Procedia Environmental Sciences 35 ( 2016 ) 701 – 708

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Shawai, Saleh Yusuf, Mahmud Lateefah, Ibrahim Aminu. (2017) Bioplastics as Better

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pdf
 Researchers Profile

ALPHERT G. DE GUZMAN

Block 13 Lot 20 Molave St., Phase 1 Celina Plains

Imus, Malagasang 1-B, Imus City

09756970032

Yahoo-mail: alphertdeuguzman_019@yahoo.com

Gmail: deguzmanalphert24@gmail.com

Skills/Competencies:

- Oxy-acetylene Gas Welding

- Shielded Metal Arc Welding

- Playing musical instruments such as guitar, ukulele and piano

- Drawing

- Directing Camps

Organization/ Extra Curricular Activities:

Campfires for Christ Asia

Board of Trustees – Vice Chairman of the Board
December 2018 – December 2020

Malagasang First Assembly of God

Youth Department Head
2016 - Present

Future Educators’ Organization

Business Manager
S.Y. 2018 – 2019
Educational Background:

College : Technological University of the Philippines - Cavite

Course : Bachelor in Technical Teacher Education Major in

Power Plant Engineering Technology

School Address : Carlos Q. Trinidad Avenue, Salawag, City of

Dasmariñas, Cavite

Year : June 2018 - Present

College : Technological University of the Philippines

Course : Power Plant Engineering Technology

School Address : Ayala Blvd. San Marcelino St., Ermita, Manila

: June 2012 – May 2015

Secondary School : Imus National High School

School Address : Bucandala, City of Imus

Year : June 2005 - March 2009

Primary School : Malagasang I Elementary School

School Address : Malagasang I-C, City of Imus

Year : June 1999- March 2005

Work Experiences:

Customer Service Caltex Gasoline Station, 2009 – 2010

Representative Along Aguinaldo High Way,
Near Robinsons’ Place Imus

Customer Service Caltex Gasoline Station, 2010 – 2011

Representative Airport Road Near NAIA
Terminal 2, Pasay City

Teacher’s aide Bakersfield Learning Centre, 2015 – 2019

Sunnydale Villas, Malagasang
1-B, City of Imus, Cavite
Personal Information:

Age : 25 years old

Birth Date : June 19, 1993

Place of Birth : Poblacion, San Juan, Batangas

Gender : Male

Citizenship : Filipino

Civil Status : Married

Danilo A. Carceta Jr.
Blk 20 Lot 44 Brgy. Victoria Reyes, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite

carcetadanilo@gmail.com

Mobile #: 09336228550

OBJECTIVE:
My objective is to obtain a challenging position where I can suitably apply
my knowledge and skills that I have acquired from my previous line of duties and
responsibilities. To be able to work in a company where my personal growth and
development are encouraged. If given a chance to help in achieving the company’s
goals and objective.

PERSONAL DATA:

Age : 27 years old

Date of birth : September 18, 1991

Place of birth : Imus, Cavite

Civil Status : Married

Sex : Male

Citizenship : Filipino

Height : 5’ 8”

Weight : 74 kg.

Religion : Christian

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Tertiary : Bachelor of Technical Teacher Education Major in

Computer Engineering Technology

 Technological University of the Philippines at Cavite

2018- Present

: Diploma in Computer Engineering Technology

Technological University of the Philippines at Cavite

2008 – 2011

Secondary : Dasmariñas East National High School

2004 – 2008

Primary : Sta. Cristina Elementary School

1998 - 2004

GOVERNMENT EXAMINATION PASSED:

CIVIL SERVICE- PROFESSIONAL ELIGIBILITY

Date of Examination: APRIL 17, 2016

VOCATIONAL TRAINING:

COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING/COMPUTER TECHNICIAN

course on The Bethel Educational Support and Technology of
Dasmariñas, Cavite (The BESTech) Inc. with Honor

WORKING EXPERIENCE:

De La Salle University- Dasmariñas Campus

On-the-job trainee as a Technical staff/clerk (November 2010- May 2011)

Duties and responsibilities:

- Assist and coordinate with Campus Technician about schedule of visit

on every department of the University
- Repair Hardware and Software computer problems
- Conduct Reformatting and software installations to the computers of
employees
- Troubleshoot networking and internet connections problem
 - Maintain the working status of computers in specific computer rooms

Purefoods – Hormel Inc.

Food handler / Product Operator (May 2012- January 2013)

Duties and responsibilities:

- Conduct food handling process thru Production of items

- Coordinate with Line Engineer regarding maintenance of machines
and assist on assembling and disassembling on every Starting and
Closing of production
- Maintaining the cleanliness and neat condition of the working area

JAD Measurement and Control Technology Corporation

Technical Sales Engineer/Instruments Technician (Sept. 2013- May 2017)

Duties and responsibilities:

- Conduct Calibration and maintenance to some industrial instruments

such as Conductivity/Resisitivity Transmitters, pH Monitor and Flow
meters. Those were used for Wastewater Treatment, Water monitoring
and maintenance.
- Contact some prospect clients and visit them in their companies:
o Composing quotations for some requirements and responsible
on looking and coordinating on some suppliers.

- Act as Technical specialist who handles Computers, Printers and

Network related problems in the working area.
o Maintaining Good conditions of computers: Do Hardware
troubleshooting, Install software programs and knowledgeable
on different software such as AutoCAD, Adobe Photoshop,
Microsoft Office, etc.

SKILLS AND QUALITIES:

 Computer Literate (MS Office application)

 Knowledgeable about computer related problems, Networking, OS
Installation
o SSID Configuration/DHCP/DNS
o Network Cabling
o Installation of Software applications
 o Creating Bootable Disk
o Computer File sharing
 Knowledgeable in analyzing and troubleshooting circuits
 Knowledgeable about AutoCAD and Adobe Photoshop software
 Knowledgeable in calibration pH, Conductivity/Resistivity and Flow
Transmitter specially +GF+ Signet brand.
 Flexible and can work with minimal supervision
 Can drive two-wheel vehicle(motorcycle) w/ License
 Team player and hardworking
 Can speak English and Filipino
 Musician (can play Guitar, Piano, Drums)

CHARACTER REFERENCES

MA. CRISTINA C. VALLECER

Teacher 1

Pintong Gubat Elementary School

Mobile no.: 09487078243

EMMAN VELASQUEZ

Project In-charge

Integrated Environment Tech.

Phils.

Mobile no.: 092373135

JOHN MARK T. MONTEMOR
B93 L6 Zone 10 Bautista Property,
Brgy Sampaloc IV, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite
Johnmarkmontemor27@gmail.com
09755110355

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Age : 25 years old

Gender : Male
Date of Birth : November 23, 1993
Place of Birth : Dasmariñas City, Cavite
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Pentecostal (UPC)
Height : 5’3 ft.
Weight : 56 kg.
Father’s Name : Berlito O. Montemor
Occupation : Contractor
Mother’s Name : Erlinda T. Montemor
Occupation : Housewife

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Bachelor of Technical Teacher Education

Major in Mechanical and Production Engineering Technology 2018 - Present
Technological University of the Philippines – Cavite
City of Dasmariñas, Cavite
Diploma in Mechanical and Production Engineering Technology 2013-2016
Technological University of the Philippines – Cavite
City of Dasmariñas, Cavite

CAREER HIGHLIGHTS:

EMI Yazaki, EDS Manufacturing, Inc.

August 2017 – February 2018
Anabu II, City of Imus, Cavite
Machine Technician

On-the-Job Training- 640hrs

June 2015 - October 2015

Total Powerbox Solution Inc.

Cavite Light Industrial Park, Silang, Cavite

Machine Operator

SEMINARS AND TRAINING ATTENDED:

Basic AutoCAD - Seminar March 23, 2014

Technological University of the Philippines – Cavite
City of Dasmariñas, Cavite

PROFICIENCIES:
Computer Literate
Microsoft Office
SKILLS AND TALENTS:

Milling and Lathe Machinist

Drawing, Lettering and Painting
Multi-Instrumentalist

I hereby certify that all the information’s above are true and correct.

_________________________
John Mark T. Montemor
Bachelor of Technical Teacher
Education Major in Mechanical