GEW PROJECT

PROTECTION DEVICES
 INTRODUCTION

FUSES AND ITS TYPES

CONTENTS CIRCUIT BREAKER AND ITS TYPES

MCB

ELCB
 INTRODUCTION

PROTECTION DEVICES AS NAME

SUGGESTS ARE USED TO
PROTECT THE ELECTRICAL
DEVICES WHENEVER THERE IS
OCCURANCE OF OVERVOLTAGE,
OVER CURRENT, SHORT
CIRCUIT AND ALSO WHEN WE
NEED TO INCREASE THE ARC
EXTENSION IN POWER SYSTEM.
 FUSES
Fuse is a smallest current interrupting device
used for protection from excessive currents. As
such it is used for overload and short circuit
protection. Basically fuse is a safety device in an
electric circuit. It contains a piece of wire which
melts when there is fault so that the flow of
electricity stops .
 TYPES OF FUSES
Low Voltage Fuses
Semi-enclosed rewirable
/kit-kat fuse.
High rupturing capacity
(H.R.C.) cartridge fuse.
H.R.C. fuse with tripping
device
High capacity H.R.C. fuse.

High Voltage Fuses

Cartridge Type.
Liquid Type.
Metal Clad Fuse.
Expulsion Type Fuses
LOW VOLTAGE FUSES

Semi-enclosed /Kit-kat fuse :

1 These fuses are made upto 500A rated current.

2 But their breaking capacity is low e.g., on

400 V service, the breaking capacity is
about 400 amp.

3 The fuse copper wire is of tinned copper wire low

breaking capacity.

4 The fuse is made of porcelain basically it has two parts one is

FUSE BASE and second is FUSE CARRIER
 H.R.C. CARTRIDGE FUSES

Whenever an inductive circuit is

interrupted , there is possibility of
large voltages induced ,whose
magnitude depends upon short
circuit to be interrupted and circuit
constants. A careful design of HRC
fuse controls these overvoltages
and keep them with in safe limits.

These types of fuses have high breaking capacity.

Standard ratings are 2, 4, 6,10, 16, 25, 30, 50, 62, 80, 100, 125, 160,
200, 320, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1000 and 1250 ampere.

These fuses perform fast operations.

 High Voltage Fuses
Cartridge Type
In these types of fuses, fuse
element is enclosed in a totally
enclosed casing, provided with a
metal contact on both sides. The
Fuse are classified as:

D Type
Link Type
• Knife Type
• Bolted Type
 D Type Cartridge
D type fuses are non-interchangable fuses.

Rating from 2 to 63 amp

Quartz is used as the filler material
Enclosed in high compression ceramic
material designed to withstand the
mechanical and thermal stress
Filller material is used for cooling
the fuse after the melting of fuse
element.
A small coloured disc on the top
of the fuse is used to indicate the
Fusing of the device.
 Link Type Cartridge Fuse
Knife Blade Type Bolted Type

It can be replaced on a It has conducting

live circuit at no load plate on both ends.
with the help of special These are bolted on
insulated fuse puller. the face of Fuse plate.
The Expulsion type fuses are used where expulsion gases
cause no problem as in Overhead Circuits and Equipments.
They are used for high voltage systems
upto 33kv

They comprise of tin and copper fuse

element in series with a flexible braid in
a tube.

The Braid emerges from one end of fuse

link and is held in tension with by a
spring.
Under gravity, breaking the circuit. As the fuse swings
downward arc is lengthened, extinguished and prevented
from re striking.
 Circuit Breakers
A circuit breaker is an
automatically operated switch
designed to protect an
electrical circuit from damage
caused by excess current from
an overload or short circuit.
Its basic function is to
interrupt current flow after a
fault is detected .Unlike a fuse
which operates once and then
must be replaced , a circuit
breaker can be reset either
manually or automatically to
resume normal operation
TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS
 OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER

These are the oldest type of circuit

breakers. Some insulating oil is used as
an arc quenching medium. The contacts
are opened under oil and an arc is stuck
between them. The heat of the arc
evaporates the surrounding oil and
oil and dissociates it into a substantial
volume of gaseous hydrogen at high
pressure . Arc extinction facilitates the
hydrogen gas as it has heat conductivity
and cools the arc. The gas sets up
turbulence in oil and forces it into the
space between the contacts after the final
arc interruption at a current zero thus
eliminating the arcing products from the
path.
 AIR BLASST CIRCUIT BREAKER
These breakers use high pressure air blast as an arc
quenching medium.

Types of air blast circuit breaker according to the

direction of air blast in relation to the arc struck
between the contacts.
a) Axial Blast Type (air blast along the arc)
b) Cross-blast type (air blast directed at right angle to
the arc)
c) Radial Blast Type (air blast is directed radially )
 AIR BREAK CIRCUIT BREAKER
In these type of circuit breakers, the
separation of contact and extinction of arc
takes place in air at atmospheric pressure.
The principle of high resistance is employed
for arc interruption in such circuit
breakers. The arc is rapidly lengthened by
means of the arc runners and arc chutes
and then arc resistance is increased to
such an extent that the voltage drop across
the arc becomes more than the system
voltage and it gets extinguished at current
zero of ac wave . These circuits are
employed in dc circuits and ac circuits upto
12kV. Such breakers are usually of indoor
type and installed on vertical panels.
 SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER
 It is a high voltage circuit
breaker.
SF6 gas is used as arc quenching
medium.T
The properties of SF6 are
superior to those of other
interrupting mediums.
SF6 gas is an electronegative gas
and has strong tendency to absorb
free electrons.
It is five times heavier than the
air.
It is colourless, odourless and
non toxic gas.
TYPES OF SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER

Non-puffer Type SF6 Circuit Breaker

Puffer type SF6 Circuit Breaker

Self blast type SF6 Circuit Breaker

 EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER

 ELCB is a safety device used in

electrical installation with high earth
installation with high earth
impedance to prevent shock.

 A 2 pole ELCB is used for 1-phase

supply and a 4-pole ELCB is used for
3-phase, 4 wire supply

 The internal stuctural diagram of

ELCB is shown in fig.

 A test knob is provided for

periodic checking of the mechanism
and function of ELCB.
THANK YOU
BY- VIKAS
LEL-020-2K17
SOURCES – GOOGLE
PPTS
WIKIPEDIA