Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
THEORY: When a concentration gradient exists within a fluid consisting of two components,
there is a tendency for each constituent to flow in such a direction as to reduce the concentration
gradient. This is known as mass transfer. It takes place in either a gas or a liquid phase or in both
phases simultaneously.
𝜕𝐶
𝐽 = −𝐷𝐶
𝜕𝑥
Where J=diffusion flux across unit area to the x-direction(right side),mole/cm2s
D= diffusivity,cm2/s
∂C mol/cm
= concentration gradient in the x-direction,
∂x 𝑐𝑚
The negative sign indicates that flow is from high to low concentration.
This liquid diffusion coefficient apparatus is used to determine the diffusivity of NaCl solution
in distilled water. A known concentration of NaCl solution is placed in diffusion cell immersed
in distilled water. A magnetic stirrer and a conductivity meter are provided to monitor the
progress of diffusion over time. A plot of conductivity against time allow for determination of
the liquid diffusivity.
The concentration at the chosen lower ends is taken to be constant while the concentration at the
top end is effectively zero during experiment.
OPERATING PROCEDURE
Pre-experiment procedures
1. All operating instructions supplied with the unit must be carefully read and understood
before attempting to operate the unit.
2. Feed stock which severely affects PTFE, PFA,PVC and borosilicate glass are not to be
used.
3. The system should not be subjected to shock ,sudden impact, vibration ,additional load,
or permanent external action of aggressive vapours .
4. Always check and rectify any leak.
5. Do not use any coarse or abrasive cleaners on glass and plastic components.
6. Leaking couplings or fittings should be carefully retightened.
7.
EXPERIMENT
Experiment Procedures
Experimental Datasheet
Volume of water, V =
Length of capillaries, x =
Diameter of capillaries =
Number of capillaries