Logical Reasoning

Clocks
"A mechanical or electrical device for measuring time, indicating hours, minutes, and
sometimes seconds by hands on a round dial or by displayed figures."
Hour hand is also known as Short hand because it is smaller hand in Clock.
Minute hand is also known as Long hand because it is larger hand in Clock.

Questions are asked on mechanical type of clock (Not from digital clock/watch).

Importance of topic
These types of questions are asked in IBPS PO, IBPS Clerk, CMAT, GMAT, CAT, SSC
CGL, Clerical, CET, etc.

Key Points
A. The dial of the clock is circular in shape and is divided into 60 equal parts,
called minute spaces.

B. 60 minute spaces trace an angle of 360°.

C. In 1 hour, Minute hand traverses 60 minute space or 360° degree, Hour

hand traverses 5 minute space or 30° degree.

In 1 minute, Minute hand traverses 6° (dpm – Degree per Minute), Hour

hand traverses 0.5° (dpm – Degree per Minute).
D. The hands of the clock are perpendicular in 15 minute spaces, at that time two angle
are at right angle (90°).

E. The hands of the clock are perpendicular to each other for 22 times in 12 hours and
for 44 times in a day (Because between 2, 3 and 3, 4 and 8, 9 and 9, 10 hands of the
clock are not perpendicular to each other).

F. The hands of the clock are in straight line when they coincide or opposite to each
other for 44 times in a day.

G. The hands of the clock are in straight line and opposite to each other in 30 minute
spaces apart (180°).
H. The hands of the clock are opposite to each other for 11 times in 12 hours and 22
times in a day (Because between 5, 6 and 6, 7 hands of the clock are not opposite of
each other).

I. Between every two hours the hands of the clock coincide with each other for one time
except between 11, 12 and 12, 1. In a day they coincide for 22 times.

J. The minute hand gains 55 minutes over hour hand per hour.

K. The hands overlap about every 65 minutes, not every 60 minutes.

L. If a watch or a clock indicates 2:20, when the correct time is 2, it is said to be 20

minutes fast.

M. On the other hand, if it indicates 1:40, when the correct time is 2, it is said to be 20
minutes slow.

N. If the real time is given and its MIRROR image is asked or vice – versa, simply
subtract the given time from 11:60.

For example the time is 10:10 in the mirror then subtracting it from 11:60 we get 1:50
which will be the mirror image of the clock.
[This is a very useful and time saving shortcut for exam and is rarely available in the
books which increases its importance]
O. A broken clock is right twice a day. However, a clock which gains or loses a few
minutes might not be right twice a day or even once a day. It would be right when it had
gained / lost exactly 12 hours.

General terms used in clock:

Terms Time

Fifteen minutes past seven 7:15

Twenty minutes to eight 7:40

Quarter past six 6:15

Quarter to six 5:45

Half past six 6:30

Nine o’clock 9:00

Noon or Midday 12:00

AM/am/A.M./a.m. After Meridiem

PM/pm/P.M./p.m. Post Meridiem

Types of Questions
1) Angle Between the Hands of clock
Examples

i) What is the angle between the hands of the clock at 3:40?

a) 240°
b) 110°
c) 130°
d) 190°

View solution
ii) If it is 09:20, then what is the angle between the hands of the clock?

a) 160°
b) 180°
c) 150°
d) 190°

View solution
iii) A Clock is started at Noon, by 10 minutes past 7, the hour hand has turn
through:

a) 215
b) 180
c) 210
d) 195

View solution
2) Position of Hands of clock

Examples

i) If the minute hand of a clock has moved 300º, how many degrees has the hour
hand moved?

a) 25°
b) 150°
c) 50°
d) 300°

View solution
ii) A clock when seen in a mirror shows 11:25. What is the correct time?
a) 1:25
b) 12:35
c) 1:35
d) 12:25

View solution
iii) If real time is 12:10 then what will be mirror image of that clock?

a) 10:50
b) 11:50
c) 12:50
d) 1:50

View solution
3) Faulty Clocks

Examples

i) A watch gain 8 seconds in 4 minutes and was set right at 4 AM. What time will it
show at 11 PM on the same day?

a) 11:08
b) 12:38
c) 11:38
d) 12:08

View solution
ii) A clock loses 5 minutes every hour and was set right at 11AM on a Monday.
When will it show the correct time again?

a) 11AM on Sunday
b) 11AM on Monday
c) 11AM on Tuesday
d) 11AM on Wednesday

View solution
iii) My watch, which gains uniformly, is 2 min and show at noon on Sunday, and is
4 min 48 seconds fast at 2PM on the following Sunday when was it correct?

a) Wednesday noon
b) Sunday 2PM
c) Monday noon
d) Tuesday 2PM

View solution
4) Miscellaneous

Examples

i) How many times in a day, are the hands of a clock in straight line but opposite
in direction.

a) 20
b) 22
c) 24
d) 48

View solution
ii) How many times in a day, are the hands of the clock straight?

a) 22
b) 44
c) 24
d) 48

View solution
iii) How many times do the hands of a clock coincide in a day?

a) 20
b) 21
c) 22
d) 24

View solution
iv) How many times do the hands of a clock are in perpendicular to each other in
a day?

a) 22
b) 24
c) 44
d) 48

View solution
v) In a minute, how many degrees hour hand traverses?
 a) 0.5°
b) 1°
c) 1.5°
d) 3°

View solution
vi) In 6 minutes, how many degrees minute hand traverses?

a) 6°
b) 30°
c) 5°
d) 36°

View solution

Games and Tournaments:

In this topic, a scenario is given based on games/ sports/ tournaments and from given scenario
questions are asked.

Sometimes a tabular format is given with some blank cells in it, and by observing the table and
from the given scenario we have to first fill all the missing values in the table and then we have
to solve the questions.
But the most common questions from this chapter are the ones we are covering below.

Importance of topic

These types of questions are asked in CAT and other such high level exams.

Key Points

 If G, H and I is your answer and options are G and H, H and I, G and I and "None of the
above" then you should mark "None of the above".

 M lost to N but won against O and P means M won against O and P.

 M lost to N who in turn won against O and P means N won against O and P.

 If it is given that "M did not win against N" then it does not necessarily mean that N won. In
such a case draw/ tie is a possible conclusion.

 Standing are the positions (Like position in point table) of a team after completion of a round/
part of tournament.

 If you have taken more than 5 minutes to read and draw a possible table/ format and you are
still not getting clean data then you must leave that question and move on to the next problem,
because sometimes overlooking on a data point results into getting stuck in the sets. So take a
break from that question and then approach these questions again afresh.

 Knock-out matches are those in which loser exits from the tournament.

 In a knock-out tournament, if n number of teams or n number of players is given then total n-1
number of matches is played. Also, in case of "Bye" system this logic is true.
For example, If there are 10 teams in a knock-out tournament then there should be 9 (i.e. 10 -
1 (n - 1)) matches played.

 Round-Robin tournaments are those in which each team has to play fixed number of matches
before eliminating or winning the tournament.
Each team has to play a match with each other teams exactly once then it is also a Round-
Robin type of tournament.

 In a Round-Robin tournament, we will have a total nC2 matches.

For example, if there are 10 teams in a round-robin tournament and given that each team has
to play with each other team exactly once then total number of matches (for a particular round)
are nC2= 10C2= 45.
Terms to remember

Seeds

A seed is a competitor or a team in sports or other tournament who is given a preliminary

ranking for the purposes of the draw. Players/teams are "planted" into the bracket in a manner
that is typically intended so that the best do not meet until later in the competition.

Rank Player Name Country

1 Andy Murray Great Britain

2 Novak Djokovic Serbia

3 Milos Raonic Canada

4 Stan Wawrinka Switzerland

5 Kei Nishikori Japan

6 Gael Monfils France

If we take real life example, we can see that Andy Murray is the top ranked player, Novak
Djokovic is the second ranked player, and so on.
So, in first round of a tournament, top ranked player is paired with last one, second ranked
player is paired with second last one, till we reach to the middle two players.

Now, in second round, winner of the top most and winner of the bottom most are paired, and
this process is continued till top 2 players can be paired for a match.

Upsets

An upset occurs in a competition, frequently in electoral politics or sports, when the party
popularly expected to win (the favorite), is defeated by an underdog whom the majority expects
to lose, defying the conventional wisdom. The underdog then becomes a giant-killer.
In 16 players tournament match fixtures will be like this.
In above diagram, we can see that 11 won against 6 in round of 16. So upset occurred at that
point.

Types of Questions

A) Knock-out tournament

In the table below is the listing of Teams, seeded from highest (#1) to lowest (#16), who are due
to play in an Association of Cricket tournament. This tournament has three knockout rounds
before the final, i.e., first round, Quarter-finals, and semi-finals. In the first round, the highest
seeded team plays the lowest seeded team (seed#16) which is designated match No. 1 of first
round; the 2nd seeded team plays with the 15th seeded team which is designated match No. 2
of the first round, and so on. Thus, for instance, match No. 8 of first round is to be played
between 8th seeded team and the 9th seeded team. In the second round, the winner of match
No. 1 of first round plays the winner of match No. 8 of first round and is designated match No. 1
of second round. Similarly, the winner of match No. 2 of first round plays the winner of match
No. 7 of first round, and is designated match No. 2 of second round. Thus, for instance, match
No. 4 of the second round is to be played between the winner of match No. 4 of first round and
the winner of match No. 5 of first round. The same pattern is followed for later rounds as well.

Seed Number Team Name

1 Australia

2 India

3 South-Africa

4 Sri Lanka

5 Pakistan

6 England

7 West Indies

8 New Zealand

9 Bangladesh

10 Zimbabwe

11 Kenya

12 Netherlands

13 Afghanistan

14 UAE

15 Bermuda

16 Scotland

Questions

i) If there are no upsets in the first round, and only match Nos. 2, 3, and 4 of the second
round result in upsets, then who would meet Pakistan in semi finals, in case Pakistan
reaches semi finals?

a) India
b) England
c) Australia
d) Didn’t reach in semi finals

Answer: c) Australia

Solution:

In round 1 there were no upset, but in round two upsets in match No. 2, 3 and 4 (i.e. match
between Seed No. 2 and 7, 3 and 6, 4 and 5 respectively).
So, Pakistan (i.e. Seed no. 5) will face Australia (i.e. Seed no. 1) in semi finals.
So, answer is Australia.

ii) If South-Africa and Sri-Lanka lose in the first round, while Bangladesh and India make
it to the semifinals, then who would play with Australia in the second round, in the event
Australia reaches second round?

a) Bangladesh
b) Scotland
c) New Zealand
d) India
Answer: a) Bangladesh

Solution:

According to given terms, Seed No. 2 (India) and 9 (Bangladesh) reaches semi-finals. So, they
must have won all the preceding rounds.

So, from above diagram we can see that Bangladesh played against Australia in second round.

iii) If, in the first round, all even numbered matches (and none of the odd numbered ones)
result in upsets, and there are no upsets in the second round, then which team facing
South-Africa in semi-finals?

a) Australia
b) West-Indies
c) Bermuda
d) India

Answer: b) West-Indies
Solution:

In the diagram, we can see that upsets are in even numbered matches i.e. matched between 2
and 15, 4 and 13, 6 and 11, 8 and 9 respectively.
And there are no upsets in second round.
So, from that in semi-finals South-Africa (Seed no. 3) faces West-Indies.

iv) How many matches are played in this tournament for getting final winner?

a) 32
b) 24
c) 16
d) 15

Answer: d) 15

Solution:

In knockout tournament, total n - 1 matches are played for getting final winner. Here n=16, so
total 16 - 1 = 15 matches are played.

B) Round-Robin Tournament

There are two key points for this type of question:

1. If we are finding maximum number or points for a team then start distribution of the point from
bottom to top.

2. If we are finding minimum number or points for a team then start distribution of the point from
top to bottom.

We will see above cases in following example.

Questions

There are 16 teams and they are divided into 2 groups of 8 each. Each team in a group plays
against one another on a round-robin basis. Two points are awarded for a win, one point for a
tie and zero for a loss. The top four teams from each group will qualify for the next round i.e.
round 2. In Round 2, each team of one group will play with each team of group two. At the end
of the second round, the top four teams in terms of the points scored advance to the semi finals
and the winners of the semi finals play the finals. In case of teams having the same number of
wins, the team with better run-rate would be ranked ahead.

(Note: Write down all the key points which are mentioned in the questions.
Like,
Total 16 teams
Two group - Each group having 8 teams.
Points - Win: 2, Tie / Draw: 1, Loss: 0
Top four from each group will go to the next round.(4 Matches)
Semi Finals (2 Matches), Final.)

Questions can be asked in this type of tournament based scenario:

i) What is the total number of matches played in the tournament?

a) 50
b) 56
c) 28
d) 75

Answer: d) 75

Solution:

Total matches = Number of group A matches + Number of group B matches + Round 2 + Semi-
Finals + Final
= 82 + 8C2 + 4C1 x 4C1 + 2 + 1
= 28 + 28 + 16 + 2 + 1 = 75 matches

ii) What is the least number of points with which a team can advance to the round 2?

a) 5
b) 4
c) 10
d) 8

Answer: a) 5

Solution:

As we have seen in key points that if we are looking for minimum points then we will have to go
from Top to Bottom.

In given question we have to find out "Least number of points" that means minimum number of
points. SO we will have to start point distribution from Top to Bottom.
Now, let assume that top #1 team won all its 7 matches. (14 Points)
Top #2 team won all its matches except against #1 team. (12 Points)
Top #3 team won all its matches except against #1 and #2 matches. (10 Points)

Team number Points

1 14

2 12

3 10

4 ?

5 ?

6 ?

7 ?

8 ?

Now we are left with 20 points (i.e. Total points for group one matches 56 - (14 + 12 + 10) = 20).

Now remaining 5 teams have lost 3 matches with top teams. So, they are left with 4 matches
with others. We will distribute remaining points equally to them i.e. 20 / 5 = 4.

So, remaining 5 teams will now have 4 - 4 points and here run rate checking scenario occurs.

Team number Points

1 14

2 12

3 10

4 4
5 4

6 4

7 4

8 4

So, minimum or least 4 Points are required for getting into second round.

iii) What is the maximum possible number of points that can be scored by a team that is
eliminated at the firstround?

a) 14
b) 12
c) 10
d) 8

Answer: c) 10

Solution:

In this case we have to find out maximum possible number of points that can be scored by a
team which is eliminated after first round (Simply, by Low run rate)

As we have mentioned in key points that for finding maximum points we have to start from
bottom to top.

We will make a group of Bottom 3 teams and another of Top 5 teams.

Let’s assume that bottom 3 team will lose their matches against top teams. So, they will have
total 3 matches left for winning. (Those 3 teams will play against each other) Total 6 points they
can have. We will distribute those points equally between them. i.e. 2 points for each team.
 Team number Points

1 ?

2 ?

3 ?

4 ?

5 ?

6 2

7 2

8 2

Now, we have to give top 5 teams equal points. So that we can have top 4 team in next round
and team #5 is eliminated after first round though it can have maximum number of points.

So, remaining 50 points (i.e. Total points 56 - 6 Points distributed amongst bottom 3 teams = 50
Points) will be distributed equally amongst 5 team that is 10.

Team number Points

1 10

2 10

3 10

4 10

5 10

6 2

7 2
8 2

Now, team #5 will also have 10 Points but it will be out of the league because of low run rate.

So, answer is 10.

iv) What is the minimum number of matches won by a team that reaches the finals?

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: a) 1

Solution:

This is very simple because we can assume that all the matches of every round before semi-
finals are drawn, and team enters in semi-finals with high net run rate.
So, to reach in final, Team has to win only one match. i.e. Semi-Final.
(This is only possible when in the question "Draw/Tie" scenario is given.)
So, answer is 1.

v) What is the maximum number of matches won by a team that reaches the finals?

a) 10
b) 16
c) 15
d) 12

Answer: d) 12

Solution:
 To find out maximum number of matches won by a team is very easy, because for maximum
win a team has to win all the matches that it has played.
So, in this scenario team will play total 12 matches before final.

In first round, 7 Matches (Match with each team in the group.)

In second round, 4 matches (Match with each team of another group which enters in second
round.)
In Semi-Final, one match.
So, Total 7 + 4 + 1 = 12 Matches, a team has to win to reach in finals.




Statement – Course of Action:

A course of action is a suitable step adopted to minimize or solve the given problem".

Statement- Action is one of the main topics in Critical Reasoning. In this topic, a
statement is given followed by two actions. Based on appropriate logic you have to
identify a correct course of action that will be practically viable and will help in solving
the problem.

Tips:

1. Without any second thought choose actions which are

 Practical in Nature (should be related to the statement)

 Solve or Minimize the given problem

2. Action should not give birth to another problem

Like there will be a case in which-- among the two given actions, if you select a
particular action, it might happen that it would help you in solving the problem but
indirectly it will give birth to many other problems. So, such actions should be avoided.

Example

Statement: On a particular highway, number of road accidents have increased by many

folds.
Action: Personal monitoring should be done by the police officials on each and every
vehicle.

Explanation: The mentioned action will definitely yield a good result but if we think
practically then it is not at all possible to personally monitor each and every vehicle. This
will in turn give birth to many other problems.

3. Unpredicted Outcomes
Always avoid those actions whose outcomes cannot be predicted. There may be cases
where you will not be able to predict the result of the selected action. So, such actions
should be ignored.

Example

Statement: Company Z is incurring huge losses due to many competitors in the market

Actions:
a. Company Z should offer a huge discount on all its product and attract customers.
b. Company Z should study its competitors, their products and methods.

Answer: Option b.

Explanation: Now we can also think of option a to be a practical solution but one of the
major reasons of option a being wrong is because we cannot predict that even after
reducing the price, customers will be attracted towards the company. So, the outcome is
unknown and so such actions should be avoided.

4. Avoid Negative and Harsh Actions if possible (explained in one of the below
given questions) but if there is no other option available then such actions should
be undertaken. Consider the given example.

Example

Statement: Company X has been incurring losses since 3 years. As per the internal
study, it has been found that 60% of the employees are above the age of 60

Actions:
1. Company X should take some loan from bank or other financial institutions.
2. Due to low productivity of the employees, Company X should fire some of its
employees who are above the age of 60 and should recruit young employees.

Explanation: As the given solution may sound a bit immoral but for the betterment of
the company it is necessary that the productivity of the employees is as high as
possible. So such options even if they appear to be immoral and the actions are harsh
in nature but if it’s the best option or solution then it should be adopted.
 Note:
Some actions may appear to be a practically viable solution and logically correct but if
they are not related to the given statement then do not make a mistake by selecting
them.

General Format
In each question there is a statement given followed by two courses of action numbered
1 and 2. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true and on the basis of
the information given in the statement, decide which of the suggested courses of action
logically follows for pursuing.

Give answer
(A) If only I follows
(B) If only II follows
(C) If either I or II follows
(D) If neither I nor II follows
(E) If both I and II follow.

Types

 Problem-Solution
 Situation-Improvement
Generally, questions can be asked on these two types.

1. Problem-Solution

Statements mention the problem and actions state the ways to counter the problems.

Example

Statement: Concerns have risen about air pollution in Indian cities. A recent report by
the World Health Organization (WHO) states that of the 20 most polluted cities in the
world, 13 are in India.

Action:
I. Pollution committee should immediately take certain measures to control the pollution
levels in India.
II. Licenses of polluting industries should be cancelled and owners should be put behind
the bars.
A. Only I follows
B. Only II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
E. Both I and II follow

Answer: A

Explanation: Only one follows. The given statement describes the problem and the
actions mention the solutions for the same. Second option is to be avoided because it is
a negative and harsh approach. As listed in tips and tricks section also Options which
are negative in nature and provide harsh solutions should be avoided.

2. Situation-Improvement

The statement talks about only a particular situation and the actions provide a way to
improve such situations.

Example

Statement: The authorities in Society X are cracking down on street hawkers, blaming
them for traffic jams near their society.

Actions:
I. Street hawkers should not be allowed during peak hours
II. Street hawkers should be warned and asked not to create chaos.

A. Only I follows
B. Only II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
E. Both I and II follow

Answer: B

Explanation: Here a situation of traffic jam is depicted and the actions mentioned, give
different ways for improving the situation.

Bucket Of Questions:

Statement: Many people in city Y are suffering from flu.

Action:
I. The Municipal Corporation should take immediate steps to control the disease.
II. People in the city should be advised to take certain measures from their end to
prevent the disease.

A. Only I follows
B. Only II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
E. Both I and II follow

View solution
Statement: According to a survey, the current water reservoir will deplete by 50% by
2050

Action:
I. Government of all the countries should appeal to all the citizens to use water carefully
and avoid wastage.
II. Scientists should start finding an alternative solution to water.

A. Only I follows
B. Only II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
E. Both I and II follow

View solution
Statement: An earthquake measuring 3.7 hit Delhi and its surrounding areas a little
before 3 pm today.

Action:
I. Government should immediately provide financial assistance to the families.
II. People should blame the government for not taking appropriate preventive measures.

A. Only I follows
B. Only II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
E. Both I and II follow

View solution
Statement: The World Bank estimates that India is one of the highest-ranking countries
 in the world for the number of children suffering from malnutrition.

Action:
I. Government, People and various NGOs should come together and try to eradicate the
problem.
II. Government should take help financial help from foreign countries to eradicate this
problem.

A. Only I follows
B. Only II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
E. Both I and II follow

View solution

Statement – Conclusions:
In statement-conclusion, a paragraph or a statement is given to us and based on that
we must derive certain conclusions.

Now what is a conclusion? So, a conclusion is a judgement or a decision which is

derived after sufficient reasoning. In our context, conclusions are logical facts that are
derived or inferred from the passage.

Importance of topic

 This is one of the most important topic in logical reasoning.

 Questions from this topic are asked in almost all the examinations like CAT, NMAT,
SNAP, MAT, CMAT, CET etc.

Steps to Solve

 Read the passage or given statements thoroughly.

 Analyze each statement individually.
 Draw a logical conclusion based on the given statement.
Tips and Tricks

To arrive to a solution within few seconds you need to keep in mind these listed points.
1. Do Not Assume

Only Make those assumptions that can be drawn or inferred from the given passage or
statements. Do not assume anything which is not related to the passage.

Example: Teacher scolded Ram in front of all the students.

Conclusion: The teacher disliked Ram

Explanation: Here, given statement is the teacher scolded Ram but no specific reason
is mentioned. It can be because Ram was late to attend the class or Ram did not
complete his homework. So just by assuming that the teacher disliked Ram and so she
scolded him is totally wrong. So, avoid such conclusions.

2. Advice or Result

If a given conclusion is in advice form or a certain result can be deduced out of it then
such a conclusion will always be true. But of course, the conclusions should be related
to the given statement.

Example: With the increase in consumption of petroleum products, it is feared that

petrol will be a rare commodity in near future.

Conclusion: Petroleum Products should be used efficiently.

Explanation:Here the given conclusion is in advice form. So such a conclusion is

always true.

3. Avoid Pre-Assumptions

If a given conclusion contains a "Pre-Assumption" then such a conclusion is always

wrong.

Example: Many people have been admitted in the hospital. It is assumed that junk food
is poisonous.

Conclusion: Junk food is always poisonous.

Explanation: Now as per the given conclusion, it is very clear that we are trying to
make a "Pre-Assumption" based on the unhealthy effects of junk food. So, such "Pre-
Assumed" conclusions are always wrong.
4. Do not go by Morals

For certain questions, when you go by the options for finding out an appropriate
conclusion, sometimes it may happen that the answer option may not be morally
correct, still that will be the correct answer. So, if an option is related to the statement
and if you find it to be it logically correct then that option should be selected even if it is
morally incorrect.

Example: Many Medicines contain Fish oil.

Conclusion:
1. All the vegetarians are also Pescetarians.
2. Some vegetarians consume such medicines to cure their diseases.

Explanation: Correct option is 2nd one. So even if the option is not morally correct as
vegetarians should not consume fish but to cure certain diseases it is necessary to
consume such medicines. So, some conclusions like the one given above are correct
even if they are morally incorrect but are logically correct and are related to the given
statement.

Questions

In each question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered 1

and 2. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, then consider the
two conclusions together and decide which of them is logically correct and related to the
statement.

Give answer:

(A) If only conclusion 1 follows

(B) If only conclusion 2 follows
(C) If either 1 or 2 follows
(D) If neither 1 nor 2 follows and
(E) If both 1 and 2 follow.

Statement: An advertisement of a company XYZ- "If you are a software engineer we

want to hire you".

Conclusion:
1. Company hires no person with other qualification.
2. Company XYZ is in need of software engineers.

View solution
Statement: India is a democratic country

Conclusion:
1. No other country in the world is democratic.
2. There are many other countries in the world that are democratic.

View solution
Statement: Shyam is one of the probable students for securing 1 st rank in the class.

Conclusion:
1. Shyam will secure 1st rank.
2. Shyam will not secure 1st rank.

View solution
Statement: An advertisement- "50% off on all Electronic Goods up till 31st January".

Conclusion:
1. After 31st January, no discount will be provided.
2. No sale of electronic goods after 31st January.

View solution
Statement: Due to recession, Company X has fired its 200 employees.

Conclusion:
1. Company X is well known for firing people.
2. All other competitors of Company X are also affected because of recession.

View solution

Seating Arrangement:
In this topic, there is a lot of raw data given. Based on this data certain conclusions are
to be drawn.
The given raw data will help us to arrange the objects or people in a predetermined
manner after performing necessary analysis over it.

Importance of topic
 Questions from this topic are asked in several Entrance Exams such as CAT, CMAT,
etc.

Pre-Requisites

Should be familiar with all the directions. Refer the below given diagram.

Note:

If a person is facing North, then "Your left and right" will be the same as the "Person
facing North".

Left Right

If a person is facing South, then it will be a mirror image i.e. "Person’s Left" will be "Your
Right" and vice-versa.

Right Left

In "Circular Seating Arrangement" when all the persons are facing inwards or center -
then
 Persons to his/her (specific person) right are in anti-clockwise direction.
 Persons to his/her (specific person) left are in clockwise direction.
Whereas when all the persons are facing outwards - then
 Persons to his/her (specific person) left are in anti-clockwise direction.
 Persons to his/her (specific person) right are in clockwise direction

Tricks to Solve questions

i. First go through the entire question and count total number of people and
prepare a "Seating Frame".

Example

1. If there are 7 persons in a single row.

2. If there are 4 persons on a circular table.

Creating such a "Seating Frame" will help to identify and mark the positions of the
people from the given questions in an easy manner

ii. Solve individual statements and then merge all the solved small sets into a
final complete set.

Types
 In seating arrangement, questions are mainly based on 4 main types:
 Single Row
 Double Row
 Circular Table
 Square or Rectangular Table
1) Single Row

A, B, C, D, E, F and G are 8 friends sitting in a single row facing North.

1. D is to the immediate right of C.

2. E and A are neighbors of F.
3. B is to the immediate left of C and on second place from left most end.
4. A is at the right most end.

Questions

1. Who is in between C and E?

a. B
b. F
c. D
d. None of these

Answer: D

2. Who are the neighbors of G?

a. B and C
b. Only B
c. A and F
d. E and D

Answer: Only B
 3. What is the position of E?

a. 2nd from left

b. 5th from left
c. 5th from right
d. None of the above

Answer: 5th from left

2) Double or Two rows Seating Arrangement

Example

A) Consider following scenario:

 Five boys Ashwin, Dipesh, Eshan, Chetan and Bipin and five girls Parul, Komal,
Radha, Savita and Vimla sit in two rows facing towards each other. All the boys are in
one row and all the girls in the other row.
 Eshan who is to the immediate right of Bipin and opposite to Parul is not at any end.
 Radha, who is immediate to the right of Komal and opposite to Chetan, is at one of the
ends.
 Ashwin is opposite to Komal who is the third to the right of Savita.
 Dipesh and Vimla are not opposite each other.
Questions

i) Who is in the middle of the row of boys?

a) Ashwin
b) Bipin
c) Dipesh
d) None of these
ii) Who is immediately to the right of Parul?

a) Radha
b) Savita
c) Vimla
d) Komal

iii) Who is opposite of Dipesh?

a) Komal
b) Savita
c) Parul
d) Radha

iv) How many boys are there between Ashwin and Bipin?

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3

Solution:

Answers:
i) Bipin
ii) Vimla
iii) Savita
iv) 0

B) Six boys Ramesh, Suresh, Dipesh, Rupesh, Paresh, Kamlesh and six girls Seema,
Geeta, Rita, Meena, Komal, Radha are standing in rows in such a way that each girl
faces one boy, not necessarily in the same order. Seema is to the immediate right of the
girl who is facing Paresh the boy at the extreme right. Only Suresh is sitting between
Rupesh and Paresh. Kamlesh is to the immediate left of Ramesh and to the immediate
right of Dipesh. Rita is facing Ramesh and is to the immediate left of Geeta. Radha is
third to the left of Meena.

Questions

i) Which of the following girls is facing Rupesh?

a) Rita
b) Radha
c) Seema
d) Meena

ii) Which of the following pairs of a girl and a boy is at one of the extreme ends?

a) Komal - Dipesh
b) Meena - Kamlesh
c) Seema - Suresh
d) Geeta - Paresh

iii) Who is standing to the immediate left of Rupesh?

a) Paresh
b) Suresh
c) Ramesh
d) Kamlesh

iv) Three of the following four are alike in certain way. Which is the one that does
not belong to that group?

a) Ramesh - Radha
b) Suresh - Komal
c) Dipesh - Geeta
d) Rupesh - Radha

v) Which of the following are immediate neighbors of the one who is facing Rita?

a) Kamlesh, Dipesh
b) Suresh, Rupesh
c) Kamlesh, Rupesh
d) Kamlesh, Ramesh

Solution:

Answers:

i) Radha
ii) Komal - Dipesh
iii) Ramesh
iv) Rupesh - Radha
v) Kamlesh - Rupesh

3) Circular Table

This type has two sub types:

1. Facing Inwards
2. Facing Outwards
3. Facing Inwards-Outwards

A) Facing Inwards

Six friends are sitting in a circle facing inwards.

1. Priti and Ashwini are exactly opposite to each other.

2. Sachin is in between Priti and Dipen.
3. Dipen is immediately to the left of Ashwini.
4. Rishi is not exactly opposite to Dipen.

Questions

1. Who are the neighbors of Dipen?

a. Rishi and Rupesh

b. Ashwini and Sachin
c. Priti and Sachin
d. None of these

Answer: b

2. Who is sitting opposite to Dipen?

a. Rupesh
b. Ashwini
c. Sachin
d. Rishi

Answer: a

3. Who is just right to Ashwini?

a. Rishi
b. Sachin
c. Ashwini
d. Rupesh

Answer: a

B) Facing Outwards

Six Friends A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting on a circular table facing outwards.

- E is between B and C.
- B and F are exactly opposite to each other.
- A is exactly to the right of B.
Questions

1. Who is in between D and B?

a. E
b. A
c. F
d. C

Answer: A

2. Who is exactly to the right of D?

a. A
b. C
c. F
d. E

Note: "Facing Outwards"

Answer: F

3. Who are the neighbors of A?

a. B and D
b. B and E
c. F and E
d. F and C

Answer: B and D
C) Inwards - Outwards

Six Friends A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting on a circular table 2 facing inwards and are
exactly opposite to each other and rest facing outwards.

- B is facing outwards and is left to C.

- F is in between E and D.
- E is facing inwards.
- A is 2nd to the left of C.
- C is not facing inwards.

Questions

1. 2 persons exactly opposite to each other and facing center are:

a. B and F
b. B and C
c. A and E
d. E and B

Answer: A and E
2. If positions of B and D and F and C are interchanged, then who is 2 places left
to B

a. C
b. E
c. A
d. D

Answer: E

3. E is in between

a. B and D
b. F and C
c. B and C
d. None of the above

Answer: F and C

4. Who is to the immediate right of A

a. B
b. C
c. D
d. None of the above

Answer: D
4) Rectangular Seating Arrangement

A) In a group discussion A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting around a rectangular table.

- A is sitting on a side alone.

- B, C are sitting on the same side.
- F is facing A.
- D is the immediate left of F.
- C is facing D.

Questions

i) Who is immediate right of A?

a) B
b) F
c) E
d) D

ii) Who is between B and F?

a) C
b) D
c) A
d) E

Solution:

Answers:

i) E
ii) C

B) L, M, N, O, P, Q, R and S are sitting around a square table in such a way that four of
them sit at four corners of the square while four sit in the middle of each of the four
sides. The ones who sit at the four corners face the centre while those who sit in the
middle of the sides face outside. Two females sit in the middle of the sides and two at
the corners.

- L sits second to the left of R.

- R sits in the middle of one of the sides.
- N sits fourth to the right of his wife and his wife is not an immediate neighbor of L or R.
- M sits third to right of her husband.
- M does not sit at any of the corners.
- Only O sits between M and S.
- S is husband of L.
- P is a male.

Questions

i) Which of the following is true with respect to given seating arrangement?

a) No two males are immediate neighbors of each other.

b) R and S face each other in the seating arrangement.

c) L sits in the centre of one of the sides of the square table.
d) Q is a male and sits diagonally opposite to P.

ii) Who amongst the following is M’s husband?

a) N
b) R
c) Q
d) P

iii) How many people sit between M and N when counted in anti- clock wise
direction from M?

a) None
b) One
c) Two
d) Four

iv) Who amongst the following is the wife of N?

a) O
b) Q
c) M
d) R
 v) What is the position of P with respect to N?

a) Immediately to the right

b) Second to the left
c) Third to the right
d) Second to the right

Solution:

Answers:

i) L sits in the centre of one of the sides of the square table.

ii) P
iii) Two
iv) O
v) Second to the right


Odd Man Out:
In this kind of topic, 4 or more options may be given and you must point out the least
related amongst all.

Importance of topic

Questions from this topic are asked in several Entrance Exams such as CAT, CMAT,
etc.

Tips and Tricks

1. Classification: Try to differentiate among the given options. All the options except for
one can be related to each other and will be falling under same group.

Example: Pick the odd one out

a. Tiger
b. Cow
c. Lion
d. Wolf

Answer: Cow

Explanation: Tiger, Lion and Wolf all are carnivores whereas Cow is an herbivore.

2. Go through all the options and try to relate the options by their common
"Characteristics" or "Purpose".

Example: Pick the odd one out

a. Spade
b. Shovel
c. Trowel
d. Weeder
 Answer: Weeder

Explanation: Tools like Spade, Shovel and Trowel are used for digging whereas
Weeder is a tool used to remove seeds from land. So, grouping of options can be done
based on their "Purpose".

Types

 Single Words
 Pair of Words
Both types can be further divided into:

 Letters
 Numbers
 Words
1) Single Words

Letters: Example

i) Pick the odd one out

a. B
b. D
c. E
d. F

Answer: E

Explanation: E is a vowel. Rest all are consonants.

Numbers: Example

i) Pick the odd one out

a. 4
b. 16
c. 36
d. 8

Answer: 8

Explanation: 22 = 4, 42 = 16, 62 = 36.

Words: Example

i) Pick the odd one out

a. Volleyball
b. Football
c. Baseball
d. Chess

Answer: Chess

Explanation: Volleyball, Football and Cricket- all are outdoor games and Chess is an
indoor game.

2) Pair Of Words

Letters: Example

i) Pick the odd one out.

a) A : C
b) B : D
c) C : E
d) D : E
Answer: D : E

Explanation: In all options except D, First and second letters have difference of one
and in D : E there is no difference.

Numbers: Example

i) Pick the odd one out.

a) 2 : 4
b) 5 : 25
c) 10 : 100
d) 3 : 9
e) 6 : 60

Answer: 6 : 60

Explanation: In all options except E, Second number is Square of first number.

Words: Example

i) Pick the odd one out.

a) May : January
b) September : November
c) October : April
d) January : December
e) October : July

Answer: October : April

Explanation : In all options except C, Both the month names are pair of either 31 or 30
while in option C, they are pair of 31 – 30.
Bucket of Examples:

1. Pick the odd one out

a. 3
b. 7
c. 9
d. 11

View solution

2. Pick the odd one out

a. Lion
b. Tiger
c. Hen
d. Cow

View solution

3. Pick the odd one out

a. Owl
b. Parrot
c. Eagle
d. Hawk

View solution

4. Pick the odd one out

a. English
b. Hindi
c. Urdu
d. Sanskrit

View solution
5. Pick the odd one out

a. 6
b. 9
c. 12
d. 15
e. 5

View solution

6. Pick the odd one out

a. 671
b. 352
c. 211
d. 561

View solution

7. Pick the odd one out.

a) D : W
b) F : U
c) A : Z
d) G : T
e) B : Y

View solution

8. Pick the odd one out.

a) 857 : 21
b) 259 : 16
c) 718 : 16
d) 679 : 22
e) 397 : 19
 View solution

9. Pick the odd one out.

a) 19 : 380
b) 15 : 240
c) 25 : 650
d) 13 : 182
e) 10 : 100

View solution

10. Pick the odd one out.

a) Dog : Kennels
b) Rabbit : Burrows
c) Lion : Den
d) Spider : Spider-Web
e) Hen : Coops

View solution

11. Pick the odd one out.

a) Beautiful – Ugly
b) Praise – Blame
c) Nice – Good
d) Beginning – Conclusion
e) Fat – Thin

View solution


Coding and Decoding:

This topic is all about alphabets and different patterns used to form a new word.

Pre-requisites
It is very important to know the numeric position of each alphabet, in normal order
starting from 1 as well as in reverse order i.e. starting from A=26, B=25…..

Tips:

Go through the following table and remember the positions of the alphabets.

Letter Position Reverse Position

A 1 26

B 2 25

C 3 24

D 4 23

E 5 22

F 6 21

G 7 20

H 8 19

I 9 18

J 10 17

K 11 16

L 12 15

M 13 14

N 14 13

O 15 12

P 16 11
 Q 17 10

R 18 9

S 19 8

T 20 7

U 21 6

V 22 5

W 23 4

X 24 3

Y 25 2

Z 26 1

To quickly get the reverse position value of a particular letter you can subtract its
original position’s numeric value from 27.

For Example: to get the reverse position numeric value of D.

So 27-4 = 23

Types
Coding and Decoding questions can be divided into following types:

 Letters
 Numeric
 Symbols
 Group of Words
1. Letters and Numeric

In letters and Numeric type, there can be many combinations but some expected and
common types are explained with example.

Example

1. In a certain language, if SUNSHINE is coded as TVOTIJOF then how will MOON

be coded:

a. NPPQ
b. NPPO
c. PPON
d. NQQP

Answer: NPPO

+1 in all the letters.

This is one type of question. In similar way for the same type there can be +2, +3 or
there can be -2, -4, etc.

2. In a certain language, if WRONG is coded as GNORW then how will RIGHT be

coded:

a. HIRGT
b. SJHIU
c. GHIRT
d. None of the above

Answer: GHIRT

If you observe carefully then the coded word GNORW has same letters as in the
original word. So, if we go by elimination method then option b is eliminated here itself.
Now if we look at the pattern of coding, it can be observed that all the letters of WRONG
are arranged in Ascending Order. So, in the same way, RIGHT will be coded as GHIRT.
There can be same type of question asked but instead of ascending, the words can be
in descending order.

3. If SNOW is coded as 7100, then WALL will be coded as

a. 5000
b. 4700
c. 4800
d. 4000

Answer: 4800

Here, Total of all the individual letters’ numeric position is done and just to add some
more complexity 00 is appended at the end. S=19, N=14, O=15 and W=23. So
19+14+15+23= 7100.

4. If MOUSE is coded as ONUFT, then CLOCK will be coded as

a. MDOLD
b. MDPLD
c. NDOLD
d. MDOLE

Answer: MDOLD

Grouping. So here grouping of letters is done. First 2 letters- M and O are grouped and
last 2 letters S and E are grouped. After grouping, +1 is added and the position of the
letters is interchanged. Like in MO group, +1 is added so the result will be NP and then
the letters are interchanged and so the result for 1st group will be PN. Same for the
second group and the middle odd letter is as it is.

5. In a certain language, CAP is coded as 66, how will PEN be coded

a. 40
b. 66
c. 80
d. 46

Answer: 46

This is an interesting question and you will often get confuse. Because even if you try to
add the numeric value you won’t get the answer. But here reverse numeric value
concept is used. So, in this question the reverse numeric values are considered and
added. C=24, A=26, P=11. 24+26+11=61 and the same logic for PEN. P=11, E=22 and
N=13. Answer=46

6. If KEYS= MDAR, then LOCK= ?

a. NEJJ
b. NNEJ
c. JENN
d. JENJ

Answer: NNEJ

+2 Increment and -decrement in the next letter. So, K=M, E=D, Y=A and S=R.

2. Symbols Coding - Decoding

Example

If RADAR is coded as "*?*?#" and DOOR is coded as "?%%#" then DAM will be
coded as

a. ?#%
b. *#?
c. *#/
d. ??#

Answer: *#/

In this question the coding of words is given in symbol form. So we need to first decode
and understand which symbol represents which letter. Now RADAR is coded as *?*?#.
There are 2 ‘R’ and ‘A’ in RADAR and in code also there are 2 ‘*’ and ‘?’. So it is very
clear from this that D=#.
Now let’s take next word which is DOOR. So DOOR is coded as ?%%#. There are 2
‘O’’s and 2 ‘%’. So, O=%. D is already decoded as #. So the remaining alphabet is R
and its symbol is ?. So R=?. As R=? so from RADAR we can easily draw a conclusion t
that A=*. So for DAM we know 2 symbols would be # and *. Now looking at the options
we can easily eliminate options A and D. Now ? is for R and in the word DAM there is
no R. So correct option would be c.

3. Group of Words

Example

In a certain language,

(A) ‘hu ma sam’ means ‘Water is life’.

(B) ‘sam na zo’ means ‘Glass of water’.
(C) ‘chi zo ma’ means ‘life of PI’.

Which of the following represents ‘PI’ in that language?

a. hu
b. ma
c. chi
d. sam

Answer: chi

Bucket Of Questions:

1. In a certain language, TEARS is coded as 18, so how will be WATER coded

a. 25
b. 22
c. 18
d. 20

View solution
2. If LIFE is coded as FELI, how is MORE coded as

a. EROM
b. OREM
c. REMO
d. MERO

View solution
3. In a certain language,

(A) 321 means ‘Cup of Coffee’.

(B) 426 means ‘Coffee is Brown’.
(C) 796 means ‘Bears are Brown’.

Which of the following represents ‘is’ in that language?

a. 6
b. 7
c. 4
d. 2

View solution
4. If FIRE is coded as ‘#*?%’, then FREEZE will be coded as

a. #&%%?*
b. ??%%#*
c. %%%?^^
d. ???%#@

View solution
5. If THUMB is coded as BMAHT then CRUMB will be coded as

a. BCARM
b. BMARC
c. RCEMB
d. None of the above
View solution

Series
In this topic, Continuous literals will be given, and we have to find out missing or next literal of
given problem.

Note: Literals can be numbers, symbols and alphabet.

Importance of topic
Questions from this topic are appeared in almost all the examinations like Bank PO, SSC CGL,
Clerical, CAT, IBPS, UPSC, MAT, CMAT, CET etc.

Pre-Requisites
Squares, cubes up to 30 will be required for easy and quick solution of problem.
Numeric position of alphabet is required for alphabet based series.
It is necessary to have knowledge about prime and composite numbers, Fibonacci series and
factorial of a number. It is mandatory, because problems can be based on any of the above
concepts.

Suggestions
i) Draw basic chart of alphabet having letters and their numerical position.

Note: Write reverse numbers also i.e. a-26, b-25, c-24 …up to a-1 or use another approach of
writing letters and their numerical position by multiplication of 5.

ii) Addition of a letter’s numerical position from ascending and descending order is 27.
E.g.: A-1-26 (1+26=27),
B-2-25 (2+25=27)
.....
Y-25-2 (25+2=27)
Z-26-1 (26+1=27)

iii) Use pyramid approach if you are not getting any series even after single iteration.
E.g.:
Diagram of Pyramid based problem.

Types of questions
There are basically 3 major types of problems asked.

A) Numerical

In this type of problems series of numeric are given and in series, there must be some sort of
relation or logic exists. We have to find out the relation as well as logic amongst given series.

Logic might be of:

i) Addition or Subtraction - In addition or Subtraction, difference between two numbers is

small. This logic comes under Arithmetic Progression(AP)

ii) Multiplication or Division - If the relation between two numeric is of Multiplication or

Division, then difference is High. This logic comes under Geometric Progression(GP)

iii) Squares or Cubes - If it is Squares or Cubes, then difference is too High

iv) Prime or Composite numbers - Series are provided with prime numbers or composite
numbers also. i.e. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 are prime number while 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 are composite
numbers

v) Factorial or Fibonacci - Problems are asked based on factorial of a number or from a

Fibonacci series

vi) Other miscellaneous types - In this type of problems, it can have some observation type of
logic. We can’t apply some addition, subtraction or any arithmetic operation directly. We have to
observe the given problem and then we can get some solution like, breaking down each number
or reversing each number from series

Examples:

i) 8, 10, 12, 14, ?

a) 18
b) 15
c) 26
d) 16

View solution
ii) 19, 25, 32, 40, ?, 59

a) 46
b) 49
c) 55
d) 51

View solution
iii) 9, 18, 54, 216, ?, 6480

a) 432
b) 864
c) 1080
d) 1512

View solution
iv) 216, 72, 36, 12, ?, 2

a) 8
b) 6
c) 4
d) 3

View solution
v) 8, 27, 64, 125, ?, 343

a) 312
b) 216
c) 189
d) 225

View solution
vi) 1, 4, 27, 16, 125, ?, 343

a) 216
b) 25
c) 36
d) 225

View solution
vii) 2, 5, 10, 17, 28, ?

a) 37
b) 35
c) 41
d) 40

View solution
viii) 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, ?, 377

a) 199
b) 233
c) 220
d) 241

View solution
ix) 41, 93, 165, 257, 369, ?

a) 4861
b) 4211
c) 4911
d) 4411

View solution
B) Alphabetical Series

Examples:

i) CEH, ?, OQT, UWZ

a) ACG
b) IKN
c) FGJ
d) KLM

View solution
ii) BDA, FHE, ?, NPM

a) JKI
b) IMJ
c) JLI
d) INJ

View solution
iii) HFD, NLJ, ??O, XVT

a) PQ
b) SQ
c) QP
d) QS
View solution
iv) AEFG, BHIJ, ?, DNOP

a) CIJK
b) CFGH
c) CKLM
d) CKMN

View solution
C) Alphanumeric

In this type of series, problems asked with combination of alphabet, symbols and numbers.

i) 2E2, 1H9, 1K6, 1N3, ?

a) 1P4
b) 1J9
c) 1Q0
d) 1R8

View solution
ii) H8, L12, O15, S19, ?

a) U21
b) W23
c) V22
d) Y25

View solution

Directions:
Direction - "A path along which someone or something moves."

In the topic, all the questions are based on four main directions (i.e. East, West, North and
South) and four cardinal directions (i.e. North-East, North-West, South-East and South-West).
Based on given scenario we have to find out either direction or distance from given place.

Importance of topic
Direction and Distance type questions check one’s sense of directions and ability to visualize.

This type of questions are asked in IBPS PO, IBPS Clerk, CMAT, GMAT, CAT, SSC CGL,
Clerical, CET, etc.

Pre-Requisites
Direction sense - There are four main directions East, West, North and South. We will denote it
as E, W, N and S respectively.
There are four Cardinal Directions that exist between four main directions namely North-East,
North-West, South-East and South-West. We will represent them as NE, NW, SE and SW.

Angle - Now one thing we have to remember is that angle between two main directions is
always 90° and angle between main direction and its adjacent cardinal direction is always 45°.

Selection of right or left direction depends on whether it is clockwise (Right turn) or anti-
clockwise (Left turn).

Example: A boy is facing towards west and turns 45° clockwise.

So in this case Boy will turn on his right side 45°.
If it was 45° ANTI-CLOCKWISE then Boy will turn on his left 45°.
Pythagoras Theorem
In Pythagoras Theorem, relation between three sides of the right angle triangle is defined.
This theorem is helpful in measuring distance between given points.

(Hypotenuse)2 = (Perpendicular)2 + (Base)2

(AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2

Key Points
1) There would be no Shadow at 12Noon.

2) After sun rise till 12PM, shadow would be towards west.

3) After 12PM and before sun set, shadow would be towards east.

4) If a person faces towards North before 12pm, his/her shadow would be towards his/her left
side and after 12pm it would be towards his/her right side.

5) If a person faces towards South before 12pm, his/her shadow would be towards his/her right
side and after 12pm it would be towards his/her left side.

6) Right and Left turn always make 90° angle.

Question Types
1) Direction based Questions

In these types of questions, student is asked to find out direction from one point
to another. This point can be starting position, current position or any other place.

Examples

A) Joe is walking towards North for 15 miles, turns left and walks another
10 miles. He then turns right and walks 10 miles. Now, he again turns right
and walks 30 miles. Which direction is he from Starting point?

a) South-East
b) North-East
c) North-West
d) South-West
e) None of these

Answer: b) North-East

Diagram:
B) Morris is facing North and walks 10kms. He turns 270° anti-clockwise
and walks 15kms. Now, he again turns 45° clockwise and walks for 25kms.
Which direction is he facing now?

a) North-West
b) South-West
c) North-East
d) South-East
e) None of these

Answer: d) South-East

Diagram:

C) Joe is facing towards South and turns 45° anti-clockwise. He turns again
180° in anti-clockwise direction. Now, he turns 270° clockwise. Which
direction is he facing?

a) West
b) East
c) South-West
d) North-East

Answer: c) South-West

Diagram:
D) Mary is walking towards South-West for 15 miles, turns right and walks
another 10 miles. She then turns 90° Clockwise and walks 10 miles. Now,
she again turns left and walks 30 miles. Which direction is she facing?

a) East
b) West
c) South-East
d) North-West
e) Can’t determined

Answer: d) North-West

Diagram:

2) Distance based Questions

In these types of questions, student is asked to find out distance from one point
to another. This point can be starting position, current position or any other place.
This question will require Pythagoras theorem in some cases, while in some
cases we can easily find out distance between two points by simply drawing
diagrams.

Examples

A) Joe went 35 meters towards east from Mary’s house. He turns left and
walks 15 meters. Now, he takes a left turn and walks 80 meters. Finally, he
turns left and walks for 15 meters. How far Joe is from Mary’s house?

a) 30
b) 45
c) 50
d) 65

Answer: b) 45

Diagram:

B) Maria walked 30 m towards north. She turned right and walked 40 m. She
then turned right and walked 45 m. She turned left and walked 25 m. Finally
she turned left and walked 15 m. How far is she from the starting position?

a) 55
b) 65
c) 30
d) 45

Answer: b) 65

Diagram:
C) Harry walks 25 meters towards North from his friend’s house. Then he
turns left and walks 32 meters. He again turns left and walks 25 meters.
Further, he moves 25 meters after turning to his right. How far is he from
his friend’s house?

a) 50
b) 7
c) 57
d) 0
e) Can’t determined

Answer: c) 57

Diagram:

D) A Boy walks 12kms towards east. He turns 90° clockwise and walks
20kms then he turned right and walked for 33kms. How far is he from
starting point?

a) 65
b) 29
c) 21
d) 43

Answer: b) 29
Diagram:

3) Direction-Distance based Questions

In this type of questions, we deal with the final distance and directions between
two points; it can be places, persons, things, etc.

Examples

A) A car travels 25 kms towards south from garage. It turns left and travels
30 kms, then turns right and travels 15 kms. how far is car from the garage
and in which direction?

a) 40 North-East
b) 70 South-East
c) 60 North-East
d) 50 South-East

Answer: d) 50 South-East

Diagram:

B) Jerry starts walking towards South from his house. After travelling 10
meters, he turns left and walks 6 meters. He turns left and walks 26 meters
and then he turns right and walks 4 meters. Finally, he turns right and
walks for 16 meters. How far is he from his house and in which direction?

a) 10 East
b) 20 West
c) 16 East
d) 26 West

Answer: a) 10 East

Diagram:

C) Joseph walks 20 meters from his house and after that he turns 90°
clockwise and walks 10 kms. He turns right and walks for 20 kms, then he
turns left and walks for 6 kms. Finally, he is going towards North. How far
Joseph is from his house and in which direction?

a) 40 South
b) 20 South
c) 16 North
d) 15 North

Answer: c) 16 North

Diagram:
D) Martin walked 13 meters towards South from his Gym. He turned left and
walked 10 meters. He took a left turn and walked 5 meters and then he
turned right and walked for 5 meters. How far is he from his Gym and in
which direction?

a) 19 North-West
b) 13 South-East
c) 15 North-West
d) 17 South-East

Answer: d) 17 South-East

Diagram:

Exercise:

A) One morning after sunrise, Joe was standing facing a pole. The shadow
of the pole fell exactly to his right. To which direction was he facing?

a) East
b) South
c) West
d) Data is inadequate

View solution
B) James and Henry were standing facing each other at 8AM. Shadow of
the Henry fell exactly to his right. To which direction was James facing?

a) East
b) South
c) North
d) Data is inadequate

View solution
C) Ted drives a car 10 miles towards North from his office. He turns 270°
clockwise and drives for 20 miles. Now, he turns 270° anti-clockwise and
drives a car for 37 miles. Finally, he reaches his house after driving for 20
miles to his right. How far is Ted’s house from his Office and in which
direction?

a) 40 South
b) 47 North
c) 30 East
d) 37 West

View solution
D) John starting from his house, goes 21 miles west, then he turns 90°
clockwise and goes 20 miles. What minimum distance should be covered
by him to come back to his house?

a) 41
b) 21
c) 29
d) 59

View solution
E) Prince was standing facing to the Pole at 1:48PM. Shadow of the Pole
fell towards his right. To which direction was Prince facing?

a) West
b) South
c) East
d) North

View solution
Blood Reletions:
It defines relation among different members of a family. Association between 2 persons
can be by birth or by law.

Example: Mother-Son, Grandfather- Grandson Relationship are all by birth

relationships whereas,

All in-laws' relationships like "father in law - son in law", "mother in law-daughter in law"
can be classified under "Relationships by law".

Importance of topic

i) This is one of the most important topics in logical reasoning.

ii) Questions from this topic are asked in almost all the examinations like CAT, NMAT,
SNAP, MAT, CMAT, CET etc.

Key Points

i) No illegal Relations.
E.g.
(1) A Husband can't have two wives.
(2) No girlfriends / boyfriends.

ii) Never judge gender from name. E.g. "Kiran" can be a Male or a Female.

Pre-Requisites

Go through all the relationships mentioned in the family tree. It will help you in
identifying the relationships easily.

Father of Father or Mother Grand Father

Mother of Father or Mother Grand Mother

Wife of Grandfather Grand Mother

Husband of Grand Mother Grand Father

Father - in - Law of Father/Mother Grand Father

Mother - in - Law of Father/Mother Grand Mother

Father’s Father/Mother only son Father

Brother of Father or Mother Uncle

Sister of Father or Mother Aunt

Son of Grand Father/Grand Mother Father/Uncle

Daughter of Father - in - Law/Mother - in - Law of Father Mother / Aunt

Father of Wife/Husband Father - in - Law

Mother of Wife/Husband Mother - in - Law

Father’s / Mother’s only son/daughter Oneself

Son / Daughter of Uncle/Aunt Cousin

Brother of Husband or Wife Brother - in - Law

Sister of Husband or Wife Sister - in - Law

Husband of Sister/ Sister - in - Law Brother - In - Law

Son of Brother or Sister Nephew

Daughter of Brother or Sister Niece

Husband of Daughter Son - in - Law

Wife of Brother / Brother - in - Law Sister - in - Law

Wife of Son Daughter - in - Law

Suggestions

i) Use symbols and notations like +, -, =, etc. for depicting relationship among two
members.
E.g. Sita is wife of Suresh, we can use = symbol for showing relationship Between
Suresh and Sita. Like, Suresh=Sita.

ii) Try to solve the questions by applying it on one's own family.

iii) Break the given sentence at is/was/as and resolve it from last point to is/was/as to
get easy solution for the problem.

Types of Questions

In Blood Relations there are mainly 3 types of questions asked.

1) Round-About Questions

These are Relations between two people only and questions are asked in a round-
about manner.

For example:

(A) Rupesh introduces Poonam as the daughter of the only son of my father's wife. How
is Poonam related to Rupesh?

i) Cousin
ii) Niece
iii) Daughter
iv) Aunt

Explanation: Break the given sentence at as.

Resolving from the last, In the view of Rupesh,
My father's wife - mother
Only son of mother - himself i.e. Rupesh
Daughter of Rupesh - daughter.
So, answer is daughter.

(B) Introducing a girl, a boy said, "She is the daughter of the mother of the daughter of
my aunt." How is the girl related to the boy?

i) Cousin
ii) Niece
iii) Daughter
iv) Aunt

Explanation: Break the given sentence at is.

Resolving from the last,
Daughter of my aunt - cousin
Mother of my cousin - aunt
Daughter of my aunt - cousin.
So, answer is cousin.

2) Symbolic Relationships

In this type a symbol is used to donate a relationship between two persons. Symbols
need to be decoded and solution is to be found. Consider following examples.

A) U + V means U is the brother of V,

W – X means W is the father of S,
X ÷ Y means X is the sister of Y,
Y × Z means Z is the mother of Y.
Which of the following means that N is the mother of O?

i) L + M ÷ N – O
ii) L – M × O ÷ P
iii) N ÷ M × L ÷ O
iv) M + L ÷ O × N
Diagram:

Explanation: M + L ÷ O × N means M is the brother of L and L is the sister of O and N

is the mother of O.
So, answer is M + L ÷ O × N.

Note: Use option elimination technique.(Match symbols in option according to question)

B) If A#B means A is the mother of B; A-B means A is brother of B; A%B means A is

father of B; AXB means A is sister of B, which of the following shows that P is the
maternal uncle of Q?

i) Q – N # M X P
ii) P # S X N – Q
iii) P – M # N X Q
iv) Q – S % P

Diagram:
Explanation: P - M # N X Q means P is the brother of M and Mis the mother of N and N
is the sister of Q which means mother of Q is M and so P is maternal uncle of Q (Draw
diagram if necessary while explaining).
So, answer is P - M # N X Q.

Note: Use option elimination technique.(Match symbols in option according to question)

3) Mixed or Miscellaneous

In this type, mutual blood relationships among different members of a family are
mentioned. These types of problems can be solved with the help of diagrams.

A) Read the information carefully and answer the question given below it.

1. A family consists of 6 members P, Q , R, X, Y, Z.

2. Q is the son of R but R is not mother of Q.
3. P and R are married couple.
4. Y is the brother of R, X is the daughter of P.
5. Z is the brother of P.
Questions:

1. Who is the brother in law of R?

2. How many female members are there in the family?
3. How is Q related to X?
4. How is Y related to P?

Solution:

Draw the diagram with given instructions below.

1. Q is son of R. draw this one with thick line in different horizontal rows. Both are male
so take as'+'.
2. Use <=> between P and R in same row, because they are couple.
3. Add Y to R with dotted line in same row.
4. Add X to P with thick line downwards to different row. Here, X is '–'.
5. Add Z to P and take Z as '+'.
6. So, Q and X are brother & sister.

Note: First draw a complete diagram and then solve all the questions.

Diagram:
Answers:
1. Brother in law means wife's brother i.e. Z
2. Two female members are there with '-' symbols i.e. P and X.
3. Q is brother of X.
4. Y is husband's brother to P. i.e. brother in law.

Bucket of Problems

1) Ashwini is Kiran's sister. komal is Kiran's mother. Dipen is komal's father. Esha
is Dipen's mother. Then, how is Ashwini related to Dipen?

i) Grandfather
ii) Grandmother
iii) Daughter
iv) Granddaughter

View solution

2) There are six persons Ashwin, Kiran, Komal, Dipen, Esha and Mittal. Komal is
the sister of Mittal. Kiran is the brother of Esha's husband. Dipen is the father of
Ashwin and grandfather of Mittal. There are two fathers, three brothers and a
mother in the group. Who is the mother?

i) Ashwin
ii) Kiran
iii) Komal
iv) Esha

View solution

3) Pointing out to a lady, a girl said, "She is the daughter-in-law of the

grandmother of my father's only son." How is the lady related to the girl?

i) Sister-in-Law
ii) Mother
iii) Aunt
 iv) Can't be determined

View solution

4) A's mother is sister of B and daughter of C. D is daughter of B and sister of E.

How is C related to E?

i) Father
ii) Grandfather
iii) Grandmother
iv) Either Grandfather or Grandmother

View solution

5) In a family of six persons A, B, C, D, E and F

- There are two married couples.

- D is grandmother of A and mother of B.
- C is wife of B and mother of F.
- F is the granddaughter of E.

Who among the following is one of the couples?

i) CD
ii) DE
iii) EB
iv) None of these

View solution



 Syllogism:
In this section of reasoning, options pattern is same in all questions. Questions have
two or more statements and based on given statements two or more conclusions are
given.

Statements and conclusions are to be considered true, even if they seem to be

unrelated in real world scenarios.
Example - All Cats are Dogs, All Dogs are Pencils, etc.

Importance of topic

Questions from this topic appear in almost all the examinations like Bank PO, SSC
CGL, Clerical, CAT, IBPS, UPSC, MAT, CMAT, CET etc.

Mostly, 4 to 5 questions are asked in any of the reasoning based test.

Pre-requisites

Venn Diagrams

One should know about Venn diagrams. Syllogism based questions are to be solved
with the help of Venn diagram.
Different Types of Venn diagram are drawn based on statements.

Examples:
 In all A are B i.e. first diagram, it is also true that some B are A.

 In second diagram Some A are B, it is also true that some B are A.

 In third diagram, some A are not B means Some part of A is not belongs to B i.e. that
part of A is totally different from B.

 In no A are B diagram, entire part of A is different from B and vice versa.

We’ll need only these types of venn diagram or combination of these diagram.

There is also another way to solve this type of questions. We will see each and every
type of questions with the use of Venn diagrams or different tricks.

i) Positive, negative rule

According to this rule, nature of statement(s) will decide the nature of conclusion. Let’s
have a look at this table

Statement – 1 Statement – 2 Conclusion

Positive(+ve) Positive(+ve) Positive(+ve)

Positive(+ve) Negative(-ve) Negative(-ve)

Negative(-ve) Positive(+ve) Negative(-ve)

Negative(-ve) Negative(-ve) Negative(-ve)

Note: Examples of all the cases.

Example:

1. Statement:
i) Some cats are white.
ii) All white are dog.
iii) No dog is snow.

Conclusion:
i) No cats are dogs.
ii) Some cats are dogs.
iii) No White is Snow.

Answer: Only conclusion (ii) and (iii) follows.

In given example, Statement one and two both are positive, so conclusion must be
positive. Now, from given conclusion we can see that conclusion one is not at all correct
because it is negative.
Now, in conclusion two we can say that it might be correct because conclusion is
positive but we have to solve it for knowing correct conclusion.

Conclusion (iii) is Negative and relation of its elements exists in statement (ii) and (iii)
and statement (iii) is Negative. So Conclusion (iii) might be Valid but we have to check
other criteria.

2. Statement:
i) Some cats are white.
ii) No Snow is cat
iii) No dog is white..

Conclusion:
i) No cats are dogs.
Answer: Conclusion (i) follows.

Conclusion is Negative. Relation of given element lies in statement (ii) and (iii). As we
can see that both the statements are negative. So it can be valid but we have to check
other criteria.

ii) Income – Expense rule

Remember this table for quick finding of correct conclusion. We will see it in detail in
examples. All we know that "Expense must be less than and equal to Income".

Expense must be less than and equal to Income.

Term Element – 1 Element – 2

ALL 100 50

SOME 50 50

NO 100 100

SOME – NOT/ NO 50 100

Example:

Step-1: Identify Element 1 and 2.

Element-1: First entity in the sentence (Either in statement or in conclusion).

Element-2: Second entity in the sentence (Either in statement or in conclusion).
Step-2: Assign value to the elements based on given term (From Income-Expense
table).

Step-3: Now, We have to find out relation between two elements for individual
conclusion. Relation might exist in one or more statements.

In first conclusion elements are Glasses and Cable. Both elements have relation in
second statement only.
In Second conclusion elements are Cables and Bottles. If we combine statement one
and two, we will get relation between cable and bottle.

In such cases, we have to find out common element between those statements. Here,
we have Glass element, which is common in both statements.

If common element doesn’t exist then that conclusion is not valid.

If common element exists then it must have 100 value (Income) in at least one of the
statement. After that, we have to calculate income and expense.
Step-4: In this step, we have to calculate Income – Expense of the element one and
two.

Income - Maximum amount of the element in Statements which are having relation.
Expense - Amount of the element in Conclusion which we are going to check.

Now,
In conclusion one – Elements are Glasses and Cables; Expense of each element is
100. Income of glass is 100 but income of Cable is 50. So from this we can see that
Expense of element cable is more than its Income. So Conclusion one is not valid.

Conclusion two- Elements are Cables and Bottles; Expense of each element is 50.
Income of Cable is 50 and Income of Bottle is 50. So from this we can see that expense
is equal to its income. So conclusion two follows.

Question format

In Syllogism concept, question and options pattern is same. Like, set of statements, set
of conclusions and options.
Options are in following manner only.

i) If only (i) conclusion follows

ii) If only (ii) conclusion follows
iii) If either (i) or (Ii) follows
iv) If neither (i) nor (ii) follows and
v) If both (i) and (ii) follow.

Now, we will see examples of different types.

A) General

In this general type of statements and conclusions. only all, no, some type of simple
sentences is given.

Example:

a) Statements:
i) All the humans are instruments.
ii) All the instruments are flutes.

Conclusions:
i) All the flutes are instruments.
ii) All the humans are flutes.

Answer: Only (ii) follows.

Diagram:
For Conclusion (i)
For Conclusion (ii)

At the beginning, we have to draw a venn diagram, from that we can easily get to know
about correct conclusion.

b) Statements:
i) Some laptops are keyboard.
ii) All the cables are keyboard.

Conclusions:
i) Some keyboards are cable.
ii) Some keyboards are laptops.

Answer: Both conclusion follow.

For Conclusion (i)

For conclusion (ii)

c) Statements:
i) No girl is boy.
ii)All boys are female.

Conclusions:
i) No girl is female.
ii) Some female are boys.

Answer: Only (ii) follow.

For conclusion (i)

For conclusion (ii)

We will solve this question by Income – Expense rule.

B) Possibility case

In this Possibility type of statements and conclusions, there must be "can be" and "is
possibility" type of words in conclusions. There are some cases that can be asked in
this type of questions. We will see different types of cases with the help of diagram in
following examples.

1) "All" Case

In, "All" type of possibility case we will have "All" scenario in both statement.

Statements:
i) All A are B.
ii) All B are C.

Conclusions:
i) All B can be A.
ii) Some C not being B is a possibility.
iii) Some C can be B.
iv) Some A can be C.

Diagram:

Answer: (i) and (ii) follow.

If we go from A to B or B to C (i.e. Going Outside) then there will be no possibility.

If we come from C to B or B to A (i.e. Coming Inside) and if there is "All" or "Some.. Not"
in the conclusion then it is a valid conclusion.

2) "Some" Case

In, "Some" type of possibility case we will have "Some" scenario in both statement.

Statements:
i) Some A are B.
ii) Some B are C.

Conclusions:
i) All A can be C.
ii) Some C not being B is a possibility.
iii) All B can be A.
iv) No A can be B
v) Some B can be A

Diagram:

Answer: (i), (ii) and (iii) follow.

If we go from A to B or B to A and if there is "All" or "Some.. Not" in the conclusion then

it is a valid conclusion (Same case for B to C or C to B).
If we go from A to C or C to A (i.e. Far from each other) and if there is "All", "Some..
Not", "Some", "No" in the conclusion then it is a valid conclusion.

Note: Give explanation in words.

3) "All" + "Some" Case

In, "All" + "Some" type of possibility case we will have "All" in one statement and "Some"
in another statement.]

Statements:
i) All A are B.
ii) Some B are C.
iii) Some C are D.
iv) All D are E.

Conclusions:
i) Some A can be B.
ii) Some D can be C.
iii) All B being E is a possibility.

Diagram:

Answer: Only (iii) follows.

If we go from C to D or D to C and if there is "All" or "Some.. Not" in the conclusion then

it is a valid conclusion.

4) "No" case

In this case we will have "No" scenario in both the statements.

Statements:
i) No A is B.
ii) No B is C.

Conclusions:
i) Some A can be B.
ii) All B can be C.
iii) Some C not being A is a possibility.

Diagram:

Answer: Only (iii) follows.

If we go from A to B or B to A then there will be no possibility (Same case for B to C or

C to B).
If we go from A to C or C to A (i.e. Far from each other) and if there is "All", "Some..
Not", "Some", "No" in the conclusion then it is a valid conclusion.

5) "Some… Not" Case

In "Some… Not" case, we will have "Some" and "Not" in same sentence. Like, "Some
Pens are Not Pencils.

Statements:
i) Some A are not B.
ii) Some B are not C.

Conclusions:
i) Some A can be C.
ii) Some B can be A.
iii) Some A not being B is a possibility.
Diagram:

Answer: (i) and (ii) follow.

If we go from A to B and if there is "No", "Some" in the conclusion then it is a valid

conclusion (Same case for B to C).
If we go from A to C or C to A (i.e. Far from each other) and if there is "All", "Some..
Not", "Some", "No" in the conclusion then it is a valid conclusion (Same case for B to A
or C to B).

6) "All" + "No" Case

In this "All" + "No" case of possibility, we will have "All" in one statement and "No" in
another. This is an exception possibility case.

Statements:
i) All A are B.
ii) All B are C.
iii) No C is D.

Conclusions:
i) No B can be D.
ii) Some A being D is a possibility.
Diagram:

Answer: Neither (i) nor (ii) follow.

If we go from B to D or from D to B then there will be no possibility (Same case for C to

D or D to C).

7) "Some" + "No" Case

In "Some" + "No" type of exception possibility case, we will have "Some" in one
statement and "No" in another statement.]

Statements:
i) Some A are B.
ii) No B are C.

Conclusions:
i) Some A being C is a possibility.
ii) All A being C is a possibility.
iii) No C being A is a possibility.

Diagram:
 Answer: (i) and (iii) follow.

If we go from A to C and if there is "No" or "Same" in the conclusion then it is valid

conclusion.
If we go from B to C or from C to B then there will be no possibility.
If we go from C to A and if there is "All", "Some.. Not", "Some", "No" in the conclusion
then it is a valid conclusion.



Non -verbal Analogy:

Analogy - "A comparison between one thing and another, typically for the purpose of
explanation or clarification."

In question, there is a set of figure given, we have to find out similarity or relation
between first two figures and find out 4th missing figure (From given options) in respect
to the 3rd figure.
We have to compare one thing and another for getting our answer.

Importance of topic
 These types of questions are asked in almost every reasoning based exam like, CAT,
IBPS PO, IBPS Clerk, CMAT, GMAT, CET, Clerical, SSC CGL, etc.

Pre-requisites

 You should have knowledge about Clockwise and Anti-clockwise direction along with
degrees.
 You should know about different types of shapes.
 Detailed observation skill is recommended.

Types of Questions
A) Rotation of Figure

In this type of question, resultant figure (Whole figure or Some part of

figure) is rotated by some degree and in specific direction like, 90°
Clockwise or 180°Anti-Clockwise.

We have to find out direction and degree of analogy and have to relate it
with our question for getting answer.

Examples:

i) Find out missing figure (?) of the problem from the given answer
figures.
View solution
ii) Find out missing figure (?) of the problem from the given answer
figures.

View solution
iii) Find out missing figure (?) of the problem from the given answer
figures.
View solution
iv) Find out missing figure (?) of the problem from the given answer
figures.

View solution
B) Dislocation of Figure
In this type of question, we have to concentrate on entire figure or some
part of the figure which has been dislocated.

i) Find out missing figure (?) of the problem from the given answer
figures.

View solution
ii) Find out missing figure (?) of the problem from the given answer
figures.
View solution
iii) Find out missing figure (?) of the problem from the given answer
figures.

View solution
C) Interchange of Figures
In this type of question, one or more sub figures are interchanged with
others.

i) Find out missing figure (?) of the problem from the given answer
figures.

View solution
ii) Find out missing figure (?) of the problem from the given answer
figures.
 View solution
iii) Find out missing figure (?) of the problem from the given answer
figures.

View solution

B)
 Verbal Analogies:
This subject includes finding of a similar relationship between words as given in the
question.

Example:

Manager : Assistant :: Doctor : ?

a. Chemist
b. Nurse
c. Patient
d. Medicines

Answer: Nurse

As an assistant helps the manager in setting up various meetings, reminders and with
daily tasks in the same way a nurse helps a doctor in performing surgeries and
operations. So, this is how you have to find similar relationships between words as it is
given in the question.

Tips
 General awareness is very much required.
 You should try to enrich your vocabulary.
 Questions can also be on squares and cubes of numbers. So, squares and cubes up
to 25 should be known.
 You should be knowing certain synonyms, antonyms, units of measurement, tools
used by the workers, etc.
Go through all the below mentioned tables for solving the questions within seconds.

Physical quantity Unit

Mass Kilogram

Power Watt

Energy Joule

Volume Litre

Animal sound
Bats Screech

Camels Grunt

Birds Chirp

Cows Moo

Dogs Bark

Frogs Croak

Ducks Quack

Lions Roar

Owls Hoot

Rats Squeak

Whales Sing

Wolves Howl

Snakes Hiss

Animal Home

Dogs Kennels

Rabbits Burrows

Mouse Holes

Birds Nests

Spider Cobweb

Lion Den

Cow Sheds

Horse Stables

Animal Young One

Hen Chick

Frog Tadpole

Duck Duckling
Cat Kitten

Rabbit Kit

Deer Fawn

Sheep Lamb

Horse Colt

Fish Fry

Monkey Infant

Owl Owlet

Lion Cub

Word Synonyms

Trust Faith

Polite Courteous

Honest Fair, Truthful

Happy Joyful

Funny Hilarious

Lucky Fortunate

Baffle Confuse

Rich Wealthy

Strong Tough

Bossy Dominate

Smart Intelligent

Beautiful Pretty

Weak Feeble

Old Ancient

Word Antonyms

Simple Complex
Sharp Blunt

Sane Insane

Attack Defend

Ancient Modern

Brave Cowardly

Hire Fire

Major Minor

Noisy Quiet

Active Passive

Weak Powerful

Professional Amateur

Stiff Flexible

Vacant Occupied

Poverty Wealthy

Above given are some of the basic and frequently asked synonyms, antonyms and units
of measurement.

Questions:

1. Ducks : Quack :: Cow : ?

a. Moo
b. Hoot
c. Sing
d. Grunt

View solution
2. Bowl : Soup :: Plate : ?

a. Spoon
b. Coffee
c. Rice
d. Dish
View solution
3. 2 : 8 :: 4 : ?

a. 16
b. 64
c. 128
d. 20

View solution
4. Vacant : Occupied :: Weak : ?

a. Feeble
b. Paramount
c. Sturdy
d. None of the above

View solution
5. Flower : Vase :: Pencil : ?

a. Pen
b. Compass Box
c. Desk
d. All of the above

View solution
6. Fish : Aquarium :: Lion : ?

a. Jungle
b. Den
c. Forest
d. All of the above

View solution
7. Drake : Duck :: Rooster : ?

a. Goose
b. Hen
c. Doe
d. Sow

View solution
8. Rain Gauge: Rain :: ? : Humidity
a. Odometer
b. Seismograph
c. Hygrometer
d. None of the above

View solution
9. Sheep : Lamb :: Butterfly : ?

a. Larva
b. Caterpillar
c. Pony
d. Cub

View solution
10. Man : Mammal :: ? : Rodent

a. Snake
b. Whale
c. Rat
d. Butterfly

View solution
11. Worker : Factory :: Waiter : ?

a. House
b. Restaurant
c. Site
d. Office

View solution
12. Furniture : Wood :: House : ?

a. Bricks
b. Walls
c. Doors
d. None of the above

View solution
13. Botany : Plant :: ? : Amphibians

a. Ethnology
b. Astrology
c. Semantics
d. Herpetology

View solution