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ScienceDirect
Procedia Computer Science 45 (2015) 407 – 417

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Department of Information Technology, Pillai’s Institute of Information Technology, Navi Mumbai, India
skbushra78691@gmail.com
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Department of Computer Engineering, Pillai’s Institute of Information Technology, Navi Mumbai, India
mchatterjeee@mes.ac.in

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© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
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Peer-review under responsibility of scientific committee of International Conference on Advanced Computing Technologies and
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Keywords: $QGURLG0DOZDUH3HUPLVVLRQV$SSV&OXVWHU0DOLFLRXV%HQLJQ

1877-0509 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of scientific committee of International Conference on Advanced Computing Technologies and
Applications (ICACTA-2015).
doi:10.1016/j.procs.2015.03.170
408 Shaikh Bushra Almin and Madhumita Chatterjee / Procedia Computer Science 45 (2015) 407 – 417

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