SPPP1042 Educational Technology

UNIT 1 : INTRODUCTION TO EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY,

TEACHING AND LEARNING TECHNOLOGY

Dept. of Science and Mathematics Education and Creative Multimedia,

School of Education
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
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EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY : INTRODUCTION.

computer
WHAT IS EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY? applications,
projector, slide,
video ..etc ,
…..?????
 Educational Technology ?

Educational Technology vs Technology in Education

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 EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY : INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY?

“education” “technology”
What is Education?
DEFINITION
Education is the process of
facilitating learning, or the
acquisition Education brings
of knowledge, skills, values, about an inherent
‘Re-
beliefs, and
orientation, re-
and habits. (Wikipedia) permanent change
organisation
in a person's
and re-
thinking and
construction of
capacity to do
To develop the cognitive, experience'..
things
affective and psychomotor (John Dewey)
domains of the students.

Education is deliberate. We act with a purpose – to

develop understanding and judgement, and enable
cognitive, action.
affective
psychomotor
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What is Education ?

the process of teaching or learning,

especially in a school or college, or
the knowledge that you get from
this (Cambridge Dictionary)
Education is concerned with the
development of a whole person. It
involves students acquiring knowledge,
skills, attitudes and values that will be
part of their life. It also involves caring
for the development of individual
intellectual, emotional, social and
physical growth.
In your own words @ To you
what is education?

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Teaching and Learning

The core of education is teaching and learning

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Teaching and Learning

What is Teaching?

The arrangement
of information
and the
Teaching is imparting
environment to
knowledge or skill facilitate learning.

Environment : the place,

technology, methods, media,
to convey information and
guide the learner’s study. 10
Teaching and Learning
What is Learning?
Learning is “a persistent
change in human
performance or
performance potential
about as a result of
learner’s interaction with
the environment”
(Driscoll, 1994)
Learning takes place in
response to instructional
efforts on the part of
students and teachers.
Learning is the development of
new knowledge, skills or
attitude when an individual
interact with information and
environment
Learning involves the selection,
arrangement, and delivery of information
in an appropriate environment and the
way learners interact with that information
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TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS

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 Technology
Technology has always had a variety of interpretations from mere
hardware to a systematic way of solving problems
Machinery and
equipment developed
from the application
of scientific
knowledge.

A systematic process Systematic application of

of solving problems scientific or other
by scientific means. organised knowledge to
practical tasks
Educational Technology
Based on definitions of education and technology, what is
educational technology?
Educational technology is the study
and ethical practice of facilitating
learning and improving performance
by creating, using and managing
appropriate technological processes
and resources. [Richey, R. C., Silber, K. H.,
& Ely, D. P. (2008)]
Instructional technology is the
theory and practice of design,
development, utilization,
management and evaluation
of processes and resources
for learning.[Seels, B. B., & Richey,
R. C. (1994). Association for
Educational Communications and
Technology]

Sometimes educational
technology and instructional
technology are used
interchangeably
Educational Technology:
“Educational
Technology is the
development,
application and
evaluation systems, the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching
techniques and aids
to improve the
process of human
learning.” (Council for
Educational Technology (CET)
for the United Kingdom)
learning)
DEFINITION
“Educational Technology is the application
of the scientific knowledge about learning,
and the condition of learning, to improve
and training. The absence of scientifically
established principles, educational
technology implements techniques of
empirical testing to improve learning
situations.” (National Centre for Programmed
Learning, United Kingdom)
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 Educational Technology:
“Educational Technology is a
systematic way of designing,
implementing and evaluating the total
process of learning and teaching in
term of specific objectives, based on
research in human learning and
communication and employing a
combination of human and non-
human resources to bring about more
effective instruction.” (Commission of
Instructional Technology, USA)
DEFINITION
“Educational Technology is a
systematic process, whereby the
quality of its elements are
controlled, towards the development
of products that will aid in producing
an effective and efficient teaching
and learning environment”
(Baharuddin, Jamalludin, Zaidatun &
Norafandy,2000)
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Educational Technology:
“Instructional Technology is
the theory and practice of
design, development,
utilization, management, and
evaluation of processes and
resources for learning”
(Association of Educational Communication
of Technology (AECT))
DEFINITION
“Educational Technology is a
combination of the processes
and tools involved in
addressing educational needs
and problems, with an
emphasis on applying the
most current tools: computers
and their related technologies
” (Roblyer & Edwards, 2000)
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 All the definitions focused on to improve the
effectiveness of teaching and learning process.

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 INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Instructional technology is often referred to as a part of
educational technology but the use of these terms has changed
over the years.
“The theory and practice of “applying scientific knowledge about
design, development, utilization, human learning to the practical
management, and evaluation of tasks of teaching and learning”
processes and resources for (Heinich, Molenda, & Russell,
learning," (AECT) 1993)
As generalization, instructional technology
refers to media, tools or process that
been used for presentation, support
and consolidate teaching process.

Instructional technology is one of knowledge scopes, which

related with teaching and it also one of knowledge in
educational technology.

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 Systematic
planning:
•Objective
EDUCATIONAL •Suitable content
TECHNOLOGY •Target Audience
Teacher skills
•Communication
to deliver
skills
knowledge:
INSTRUCTIONAL •Tools
•Theory
TECHNOLOGY •Design & etc….
•Pedagogy
•Psychology
•Evaluation &
LEARNING
etc..
TECHNOLOGY
& METHODS
Drill and
practice
Tutorials
Simulation
Animation
Problem MEDIA
solving
Discovery &
etc…
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 EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY VS INSTRUCTIONAL
TECHNOLOGY.

As generalization;
• Educational technology is a huge area/field include all educational aspects
such as T&L, audio-visual tools, curriculum development, systematic plan,
development process and etc...

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 EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY :

Province of the educational technologist:

• Identifying aims and objectives,
• Planning the learning environment,
• Exploring and structuring the subject matter,
• Selecting appropriate teaching strategies,
• Helping student develop new ways of learning,
• Evaluating the effects and effectiveness of the teaching and learning
system, and
• Using insights gained form evaluation to understand that system
and, where possible improve it
Rowntree (1982)

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 instructional
design

human
information
resources
technology
development
resources and
and
management
management

Field of Educational
research and Technology
evaluation of systems and
instructional curriculum
products and development
processes

cognitive and
media
information
production
processing
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 EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY :
PROCESS & PRODUCT

Process Product

• Process is referring to the skills of • The product of Educational

instructional design, materials and
curriculum development, training
coordination management and
execution of evaluation of product
and project, and in the delivery of
instruction (Kemp, 1986).
Technology the numerous
educational materials developed
for instructional purposes.
• Systematic design is applied by
educational technologists to the
development of print, audio, still
and motion visuals, computer
instruction and any other
technologies which might be
applied to learning (Heinich,
Molenda and Russell, 1982).
• These materials form an integral
part of education and instruction
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 EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY :

Process Product

The products of
Process is referring to Educational
the skills of Technology are the
instructional design, numerous
materials and educational
curriculum materials
development, training developed for
coordination instructional
management and purposes.
execution of
evaluation of product
and project, and in the
delivery of instruction
(Kemp, 1986).
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THANK YOU
Learning is both a process and an
outcome. As a process it is part of living in
the world, part of the way our bodies work.
As an outcome it is a new understanding or
appreciation of something.

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