NEBOSH IGC COURSE

Exam Marks Passing marks

IGC 1 100 45%

IGC 2 100 45%

IGC 3 100 60%

IGC 1

5 ELEMENTS (MANAGEMENT SYSTEM)

IGC2

8 ELEMENTS (PRACTICAL / HAZARD CONTROL)

IGC 1 – CHAPTERS

1. HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT FOUNDATION 15

2. HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (POLICY) 15
3. HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (ORGANISATION) 20
4. HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION) 25
5. HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (MEASURING, AUDIT AND REVIEW)25

ELEMENT 1

FOUNDATION IN HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Q 1: Identify the barriers that might be there to good standards of health and safety
performance.

Ans: 1. Complexity of work place

2. Conflicting Demands

- Time scales

- Standards

- Budgets

3. Behavioural Issues

- People failing to act as desired or making mistakes deliberately

Q 2: Define: Health, Safety, Welfare, Environmental Protection, Occupational

Accidents, Dangerous occurrences, Near Miss, Work related ill health, Hazard, Risk
 Health The absence of disease or ill health

Safety The absence of risk of serious personal injury

Welfare The facilities for workplace comfort

Environmental Protection

The prevention of damage to air, land, water and living creatures in

the environment

Occupational Accident

An unplanned, unwanted and undesired that lead to injury, damage

or loss

Dangerous Occurrences

A specified event that has to be reported the relevant authority by

state law.

Near Miss An unplanned, unwanted or undesired event that has the potential to
cause harm (but did not, in fact, do so)

Work Related ill-health

Harm to workers health caused by their work

Hazard Something that has the potential to cause harm

Example: A bricks kept on the edge of the roof is a hazard

Risk The likelihood that the hazard will cause harm in combination with
severity of injury, damage or loss that might occur.

Q 3: Outline the reasons for maintaining and Promoting good standards of health and
safety in the organisation.

Ans: Moral reasons

Social (legal) reasons

Economical reasons

Moral: Moral reason relates to the moral duty that one person has to
another, many people are killed, injured or may sick by their work
 which is morally unaccepted and society as whole demands that
people should be safe while at work

Social (Legal) To avoid any enforcement action or civil claims, it relates to law that
govern or conduct the business and organisation.

Economical Accidents and ill health cost money, when accident occurs there will
be a direct cost or indirect cost associated with that event, so to avoid
all these it is necessary to maintain a good standards of health and
safety.

Q 4: Identify the possible cost to an organisation following an accident

Ans:

Costs may be

Direct: Measurable costs arising directly from accidents

Indirect: Arise as a consequence of the event but may not directly involve
money, often difficult to quantify.

Direct costs include:

 Fines in Criminal court

 First aid or medical cost
 Workers sick pay
 Overtime cost to make up for the lost time
 Lost or damaged products
 Compensation payable to the victim
 Lost of production time while dealing with injury
 Repairs or replacement of damaged equipment and building

Indirect costs include:

 Loss of staff morale in the organisation

 Damage to public image and reputation
 Loss of good will of customers following delay in production
 Cost of recruiting and training temporary or replacement labour
 Cost of remedial action following an investigation process
 Penalty caused for failing to meet delivery dates
  Lost time by workers who don’t want to work after accident

Q 5: Outline the insured and uninsured cost

Ans:

Insured Costs

 Damage to plant, building and equipment

 Compensation paid to workers
 Medical costs
 Legal cost (civil claims)

Uninsured Costs

 Loss of raw materials due to accidents

 Sick pay
 Overtime
 Equipments repair
 Lost of materials

Q 6: Outline the responsibilities of Employer, Employees/workers.

Ans: EMPLOYER’S RESPONSIBILITIES:

 Provide and maintain safe work places, machinery and equipment and use
safe working methods.
 Provide IITS – Information, Instructions, Training, Supervision
 PPE without any charges
 Ensure that work organisation, particularly working hours and rest breaks
doesn’t adversely affect occupational safety and health.
 Take reasonably practical measures with a view to eliminating excessive
physical and mental fatigue.
 Keep up to date of scientific and technical knowledge to comply with above.

EMPLOYEES RESPONSIBILITIES

Article 19 of C155

 Take reasonable care of their own safety and that of other people/workers.
 Comply with safety instructions
 Use all safety equipments properly.
 Report any situation which they believe could be a hazard and which they
cannot erect themselves.
 Report any work related accident/ill-health.
 WORKERS RIGHTS - I.T.C.LW

 Given adequate INFORMATION on actions the employer has taken to ensure

safety and health.
 Given the right to the necessary TRAINING in safety and health
 CONSULTED by the employer on all matters of safety and health relating to
their work.
 Given the right to LEAVE A WORKPLACE which he has reason to think that
presents an imminent and serious danger to his life or health and not to be
compelled to return until it is safe.

Q 7: LIST THE TYPES OF ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS THAT CAN BE TAKEN AGAINST THE
EMPLOYERS IN CASE OF BREAKING / BREACHING HEALTH AND SAFETY LAWS.

Ans: Consequences of Non-Compliance are:

1. Enforcement Action
 Improvement Example: give time frame to rectify the issue
 Prohibition Example: Stop work / shutdown activity

2. Prosecution Example: Take to court

 Organisation may be fined
 Individual may be fined or imprisoned

Q 8: OTHER THAN ILO GIVE DIFFERENT ORGANISATION FOUR STANDARDISATION.

Ans: Other international standards:

 ISO 9001 - QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 ISO 14001 – ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 ISO 12100 - SAFETY OF MACHINERY
THESE STANDARDS ARE NOT LAW

Q 9: LIST/IDENTIFY DIFFERENT SOURCE OF INFORMATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY.

Ans: Source of information

INTERNAL EXTERNAL

Accident Records National legislation

Medical Records Safety Data sheets

Risk Assessments Codes of Practice

 Maintenance Reports Guidance notes

Safety Inspections Operating instructions

Audit Reports Trade associations

Safety Committee minutes Safety Publications

(Day above material is 15 marks)

COMPETENT: KATE

KNOWLEDGEABILITY TRAINING EXPERIENCE

DAY 2

ELEMENT NO 2

HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (POLICY)

Q- 1 IDENTIFY AND EXPLAIN THE KEY ELEMENTS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OR ILO – OSH 2001 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.

Ans. POLICY

ORGANISATION

PLANNING & IMPLEMENTION

EVALUATION

ACTION FOR IMROVEMENT

AUDIT

CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT

Q- 2 IDENTIFY THE PURPOSE OF AN ORGANISATION OF HAVING HEALTH AND SAFETY

POLICY.

Ans. An important document.

1. The foundation stone for good health and safety management in an organisation.
2. To create a structure and its approach towards health and safety.
3. Complying with OHS national and international laws.
4. Protection of health and safety of all employees by preventing accidents.
5. It allows the organisation to improve the health and safety continuously.
6. Demonstrate the management commitment to health and safety.
7. Ensuring that the workforce are consulted and encouraged to participate.

Q- 3 OUTLINE THE REASONS WHY HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY SHOULD BE SIGNED BY
THE MOST SENIOR PERSON IN THE ORGANISATION.

Ans.

 It should be signed by the top most manager or C.E.O. to authorise the policy.
 It also indicated that the policy commitment comes from the highest level.
  Also as this person is ultimately responsible for health and safety in the organisation
so should be committed to the policy content.

Q- 4 OUTLINE THE KEY ELEMENTS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY.

Ans. Health and safety policy is usually found in three parts.

1. Statement of Intent ---------------- What is going to be done?

2. Organisation -----------------Who is going to do it?
3. Arrangements ------------------How they are going to do it?

1. General Statement of Intent

 Setting overall aims and objectives

 Complying with law
 Achieving standards
 Reminds workers at all level of their responsibilities
 Signed and updated by the most senior person
 Regular review.

2. Organisation Section

 Outlines the chain of command for health and safety management

 Identifies the roles and responsibilities of staff.
 Usually includes an organisation chart relating the health and safety.
 Shows lines of communication and feedback.

3. Arrangement Section

 Carrying out risk assessments

 IITS – Information, Instruction, Training and Supervision
 Accident and near miss reporting, recording and investigation.
 Consultation with workers on health and safety matters.
 Developing safe system of work and PTW system to control hazard
 Details of specific hazards (Chemical, Lone working etc.)
 Control of contractors and visitors.
 Provision of safety related training.
 Welfare facilities and first aid provision.
 Health surveillance
 Communication of health and safety matters including hazards and control measures
Q- 5 OUTLINE THE TYPICAL CONTENT OF THE ARRANGEMENT SECTION OF HEALTH AND
SAFETY POLICY.

Ans.

Arrangement Section

 Carrying out risk assessments

 IITS – Information, Instruction, Training and Supervision
 Accident and near miss reporting, recording and investigation.
 Consultation with workers on health and safety matters.
 Developing safe system of work and PTW system to control hazard
 Details of specific hazards (Chemical, Lone working etc.)
 Control of contractors and visitors.
 Provision of safety related training.
 Welfare facilities and first aid provision.
 Health surveillance
 Communication of health and safety matters including hazards and control measures

Q- 6 IDENTIFY THE CIRCUMSTANCES THAT WOULD REQUIRE HEALTH AND SAFETY

POLICY TO BE REVIEWED.

Ans. Reasons for Review

1 Changes in:
 Key personnel Examples………
 Management structure
 Ownership
 Process
 Technology
 Legislation
2 Incident
3 Enforcement action
4 After audit
5 After work consultation
6 Passage of time e.g. annually
ELEMENT 3

HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (ORGANISATION)

Section 1 Organisational Health and Safety Roles & Responsibilities

Q- 1 IDENTIFY THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF

 EMPLOYER
 DIRECTORS & SENIOR MANAGERS
 MIDDLE MANAGERS AND SUPERVISORS
 A PERSON WITH PRIMARY FUNCTION OF SAFETY
 WORKERS

Ans:

EMPLOYER’S RESPONSIBILITIES:

 Provide and maintain safe work places, machinery and equipment and use
safe working methods.
 Provide IITS – Information, Instructions, Training, Supervision
 PPE without any charges
 Ensure that work organisation, particularly working hours and rest breaks
doesn’t adversely affect occupational safety and health.
 Take reasonably practical measures with a view to eliminating excessive
physical and mental fatigue.
 Keep up to date of scientific and technical knowledge to comply with above.

DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGER’S RESPONSIBILITIES:

 To make sure that the company is complying with the moral and legal
requirements for health and safety.
 Ensure effective implementation of health and safety policy within the
company.
 To make employees understand that the management is not only responsible
but also accountable for health and safety matters.
 To ensure that the effective OSH training plans are in place for all employees.
 To ensure that the company is giving health and safety as one of the top
priority.
 To ensure that the workers may feel at ease in raising the health and safety
issues to them and an effective method of employees consultation is in place.
  Leads by example by showing commitment by getting involved in all OSH
campaigns / events.
 Carry out regular H & S meetings so that the issues can be addressed timely
manner.
 Involve and to be a part of health and safety committee to provide the
platform to resolve health and safety issues
 To carry out safety tours to meet workers and compare the theory with
reality.
 To ensure that organisation’s motivation activities are there in place.

MIDDLE MANAGERS AND SUPERVISOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES:

 To implement SSW
 To provide Escorts to the visitors
 Conducting Toolbox talk regularly and communicate
 To take reasonable care of all OSH matter of the employee
 To be a part of the team while conducting Risk assessment so that his
knowledge and experience will be helpful in foreseeing the risk associated
with the activities
 To take Disciplinary action against the employee breaching health and safety
regulations.
 To ensure all the personal protective equipments being used while carrying
out the work activity.
 To conduct health and safety tours with co-ordination of Higher manager and
safety personals.

PRIMARY H & S FUNCTION / SAFETY SPECIALIST RESPONSIBILITIES:

 Safety specialist (or Practitioners) are responsible for giving correct advice to
the organization so that the organisation can meet its legal obligations and
achieve its policy aims.
 Providing advice and guidance on health and safety standard.
 Promoting a positive culture.
 Advising management on accident prevention.
 Developing and implementing policy.
 Overseeing the development of adequate risk assessments.
 Identifying training needs.
 Monitoring health and safety performance.
 Overseeing accident reporting and investigations.
 To carry out safety surveys and safety tours in co-ordination with the
management.
 To monitor the welfare facilities provided to the employees and provide
recommendation for improvement.
  To notify company and regular authorities in case of dangerous occurrences.

WORKERS / EMPLOYEES RESPONSIBILITIES:

Article 19 of C155

 Take reasonable care of their own safety and that of other people/workers.
 Comply with safety instructions
 Use all safety equipments properly.
 Report any situation which they believe could be a hazard and which they
cannot erect themselves.
 Report any work related accident/ill-health.

Q- 2 IDENTIFY THE THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED BEFORE SELECTING A CONTRACTOR.

Ans. Prior to select a Contractor following things should be check.

1 Health and Safety policy

2 Risk assessments
3 Qualifications and trainings records
4 Membership of a professional organisation
5 Maintenance and equipment testing
6 Previous or current clients
7 Accident records
8 Enforcement action
9 Adequate resources

Q- 3 IDENTIFY HOW JOINT OCCUPIER Of PREMISES CAN WORK TOGETHER TO ENSURE

HEALTH AND SFETY IN WORK PLACE.

Ans.

 Proper risk assessment should be carried out keeping the serious and imminent
danger in mind.
 Sharing of risk assessment copies.
 Organize and ensure that the first aid material and the first aiders are in place.
 Sharing of emergency procedures to develop a common strategy (Fire emergency,
Security threats etc..)
 Selecting the worker who are competent.
 Awareness in the workers about the other occupiers so that they are aware of the
risk involved.
 Worker should be trained for the emergency procedures and hazard present at the
site.
  Both employers must co-operate and co-ordinate to ensure Good health and Safety
is in place.

ELEMENT 3.2 SECTION 2 CULTURE

THE CONCEPT AND SIGNIFICANCE OF HEALTH AND SAFETY (CULTURE)

Q- 4 DEFINE THE HEALTH AND SAFETY CULTURE.

Ans. Definition of culture :

The safety culture of an organisation is the SHARED ATTITUDE, VALUES and

BEHAVIOURS relating to health and safety (Influenced by)

1. MANAGEMENT
2. COMMUNICATION
3. WORKER COMPETENCE
4. CO-OPERATION

Q- 5 IDENTIFY THE INDICATORS THAT COULD BE USED TO ASSESS THE HEALTH AND
SAFETY CULTURE IN THE ORGANISATION.

Ans. H & S culture indicators:

Poor health and safety culture leads to poor performance.

The following things needs to be spotted early:

 Accident records Example……… all few sentence/words

 Sickness rates
 Absenteeism
 Staff turn over
 Compliance with safety rules
 Worker complaints
 Staff morale

QQ-6 IDENTIFY THE FACTORS THAT COULD LEAD TO DETERIORATION OF HEALTH AND
SAFETY CULTURE.

Ans:

 Lack of leadership from management

 Presence of a blame culture
 Lack of management commitment to safety
  Health and safety lower priority than other issues
 Organisational changes
 High staff turn rates
 Lack of resources e.g. too few workers, low investment
 Lack of worker consultation
 Interpersonal issues e.g. peer group pressure, bullying
 Poor management systems and procedures
 External influences e.g. economic climate

ELEMENT 3.3 SECTION 3 BEHAVIOUR

FACTORS INFLUENCING SAFETY RELATED BEHAVOUR

Q- 7 EXPLAIN THE FACTORS THAT CAN INFUENCE THE WORKERS BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS
HEALTH AND SAFETY.

Ans: Safety related behaviour three significant factors influence work behaviour.

1. The Individual

Personal characteristics

2 The Job

Nature of the job

3 The organisation

Characteristics of the business

Q- 8 DEFINE ATTITUDE AND THE WAY IN WHICH A PERSON’S ATTITUDE CAN BE

CHANGED.

Ans: ATTITUDE(also answer for question 7)

A person’s point of view or way of looking at something how they think and feel
about it.

MOTIVATION

A person’s drive towards a goal who makes them do what they do.

CHANGING ATTITUDE

 Education & Training

 High impact intervention (aversion therapy)
  Enforcement
 Consultation

What is (Competence)

 A person’s ability to do something efficiently and effectively

A combination of : KATE

Knowledge

Ability

Training

Experience

PERCEPTION

The way a person interprets information detected by their senses.

1. Sight
2. Hearing
3. Smell
4. Taste
5. Touch

Q- 9 IDENTIFY THE FACTORS THAT CAN INFLUENCE WORKERS PERCEPTION AND

EXPLAIN THE WAYS IN WHICH IT CAN BE IMPROVED.

Ans. PERCEPTION

Factors which can affect perception include:

 Illness
 Stress
 Fatigue
 Drugs and alcohol
 Previous experience
 Training and education

Ways to improve the Perception

Improving hazard perception

 Understand why hazards are not noticed by talking to workers.

 Awareness campaigns / training
 Highlights hazards e.g. signs
 Ensure adequate lighting is available
 Reduce distractions e.g. noise
 Avoid excessive fatigue.
DAY 3

ELEMENT 3.4 SECTION 4

IMPROVING HEALTH AND SAFETY BEHAVIOUR

QQ- 10 OUTLINE AND EXPLAIN THE WAYS IN WHICH HEALTH AND SAFETY
BEHAVIOUR OF THE WORKERS CAN BE IMPROVED.

Ans HEALTH AND SAFETY RELATED BEHAVIOUR CAN BE IMPROVED

1. Management commitment and leadership

2. Disciplinary Procedure
3. Competent staff
4. Effective communication
5. Co-operation and consultation
6. Training

Q- 11 DEFINE HEALTH AND SAFETY TRAINING AND LIST THE FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED
BEFORE DEVELOPING A TRAINING PROGRAMME.

Ans: Training – Definition

The planned, formal process of ACQUIRING and practicing knowledge and skills in a
relatively safe environment.

Training needs analysis

Factors to be considered include:

 The type and function of organisation

 The hazard and risk profile
 The accident history of the organisation, there may be statutorytraining
requirements.
 The level of training previously provided, together with detail of which employees
have been trained and when.

Q- 12 EMPLOYER IS SETTING UP A HEALTH AND SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAMME

IDENTIFY THE BENIFITS FOR EMPLOYER AND WORKERS

Ans EMPLOYERS

 Enforcement Action
 Accident cost
 Improving workers morale
  Increase production
 Improve Culture

WORKERS

 ?
 ?
 ?
 ?
 ?
 ?

IDENTIFY WHEN HEALTH AND SAFETY TRAINING WOULD BE PROVIDED TO WORKERS

Training Required

1. Induction Training - New Employees

2. Job Change - New hazards when change the job
3. Process Change - New hazards associated with new ways of work
4. New Technology - New hazards associated with plant and machinery
5. New Legislation - Implication of new legislation.

Q- 13 NEW EMPLOYEE INDUCTION TRAINING PROGRAMME HAS TO BE DEVELOPED

IDENTIFY THE THINGS TO BE INCLUDED IN IT.

Ans: New Employee Induction Topics

 Health and safety policy

 Emergency Procedures
 First aid
 Welfare facilities
 Safe movement
 Accident and incident reporting
 Consultation arrangements
 Safety rules
 Personal Protective Equipment
 Safe working and permits
 Risk assessment system

ELEMENT 3.5 SECTION 5

EMERGENCY PROCEDURE
Q-14 IDENTIFY THE SITUATION THAT MIGHT REQUIRED AN EMERGENCY PROCEDURE TO
BE DEVELOPED FOR:

Ans: An organisation has to develop procedures to deal with foreseeable incidents such
as:

 Fire
 Bomb threat
 Spillage of a hazardous chemical
 Release of toxic gas
 Outbreak of disease
 Severe weather or flooding
 Multiple casualty accident

ELEMENT 3.6 SECTION 6

FIRST AID

Q- 15 IDENTIFY THE PURPOSE OF FIRST AID TREATMENT OR FIRST AIDERS?

Ans: Purpose of first aid treatment

Basic principle of first aid is to keep the injured person alive until professional
medical assistance arrives, sometime called The 3Ps.

 Preserve life
 Prevent deterioration
 Promote Recovery

Q- 16 IDENTIFY THE FACTORS BEFORE SELECTING THE PROVISION OF FIRST AID FACILITY
IN THE WORK PLACE.

Ans: Factors to be considered when deciding first aid provision.

Trained Personnel

 First aider – full training

 Appointed person – basic training only

Coverage will depend on:

 The general risk level of the workplace

  The hazards present in the workplace
 Accident history
 Vulnerable persons
 The number of workers
 Work patterns and shift system
 Workplace location (geographic)
 The spread of the workplace

Q-17 IDENTIFY THE PRECAUTIONS THAT COULD BE TAKEN TO ENSURE THE HEALTH AND
SAFETY OF VISITORS IN WORKPLACE.

Ans:

 Identify visitors by signing in and out

 Provision of badges
 Provide escorts to supervise visitors throughout the site.
 Restrict access to areas where higher risk activities take place
 Provide training related fire emergency procedure
 Provide suitable PPE to the visitors while they are inside the site visit
 Provide different reflective jacket to identify visitors clearly on site

Q- 18 IDENTIFY HOW INDUCTION TRAINING PROGRAMMES FOR NEW WORKERS CAN

HELP TO REDUCE THE NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS IN THE WORK PLACE.

Ans:

 Better understanding and involvement raises all workers job satisfaction resulting in
reduced accidents in work place
 Training would benefit the new workers to understand the system of work and
controls needed to reduce risk
 Training will help the new workers to understand the welfare arrangements aid
health, safety and hygiene
 Induction training allows workers to reach experienced workers standard more
quickly
 Increase the flexibility of staff
 Induction training will help them to understand and evacuate the premises in case of
emergencies
 Will help them to comply with health and safety requirements
 Induction training helps the new workers to understand the legislation requirements
and to avoid any legal or court fines.
 Will help to increase the morale of the workforce
ELEMENT 4

HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 3 (PLANNING)

SECTION 1 IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING

Q- 1 IDENTIFY THE FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED WHILE SETTING HEALTH AND SAFETY

OBJECTIVES:

Ans: When health and safety objectives are set for an organisation, those objectives
should be SMART, the acronym SMART refers to the idea that objectives should be:

 Specific - A clearly defined, precise objective

 Measurable – It is possible to measure achievement of (or towards) the target,
usually by quantifying the objective.
 Achievable – it can be done
 Reasonable – within the timescale set and with the resources allocated
 Time-bound – a deadline or timescale is set for completion of the objective

THINK ABOUT THE TWO FOLLOWING OBJECTIVES:

1. (Improve the safety culture of the organisation)

2. (Review all 48 risk assessments within a 12 months period)

SECTION 2 4.2

PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF RISK ASSESSMENT

Q- 2 IDENTIFY THE CATEGORIES IN WHICH HAZARDS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO?

Ans: Hazard Categories:

1. Physical – electricity, noise, vibration, radiation, machinery

2. Chemical – mercury, solvents, carbon monoxide
3. Biological – legionella bacteria, hepatitis
4. Ergonomic – manual handling, working on computer etc…
5. Psychological – Stress, violence

Q- 3 DESCRIBE THE DEFINITION OF :

Ans: Hazard Something that has the potential to cause harm

Example: A bricks kept on the edge of the roof is a hazard

Risk The likelihood that the hazard will cause harm in combination with
severity of injury, damage or loss that might occur.

Risk Assessment A formalised process of identifying hazard, assessing the risk that they
generate and then either eliminating or controlling the risk to an
acceptable level.

Q- 4 IDENTIFY THE OBJECTIVES OF RISK ASSESSMENT

Ans: Objectives of Risk assessment

Life – Death and personal injury

Loss – Other types of loss incident

Legal – Breaches of statue law which might lead to enforcement action and or
prosecution.

Cost - The direct and indirect costs that follow on from accident

Q- 5 IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF INCIDENTS

Ans: Types of Incidents:

1 Accident
2 Injury accident
3 Damage only accident
4 Near Miss
5 Dangerous occurrence
6 Work related ill health
Q- 6 OUTLINE THE FACTORS THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN SELECTING
INDIVIDUALS TO ASSIST IN CARRYING OUT RISK ASSESSMENT IN WORK PLACE.

Ans: Risk assessor’s Quality:

 The level of training in H & S generally in carrying out risk assessment

 Experience of the process / activity
 The ability to interpret standards, regulations and guidance
 Communication and reporting skills
 Commitment to the task and attention to details
 Awareness of the individual’s own limitations and the occasion when specialist
assistance might be required
 Access to the source of information such as accident record, codes of practice, in -
house information etc…
 Interpretation of any local regulation and standards

Q- 7 OUTLINE THE CRITERIA WHICH MUST BE MET FOR THE RISK ASSESSMENT TO BE
SUITABLE AND SUFFICIENT

Ans: Suitable and sufficient Risk Assessment

 Risk assessment should be good enough to fulfil legal requirements and prevent
injuries
 State the name / competence of assessor
 Identify significant hazards and risks
 Identify persons at risks - worker and others e.g. visitors and vulnerable
 Evaluate current controls
 Identify additional controls
 Enable employer to prioritize controls
 Appropriate to nature of work
 Proportionate to risks
 State time period valid

QQQ- 8 IDENTIFY THE KEY STAGES OF RISK ASSESSMENT

Ans: I2 ER2 ?????

The 5 steps to Risk Assessment

Step 1 IDENTIFY THE HAZARD

Step 2 IDENTIFY THE PEOPLE WHO MIGHT BE HARM AND HOW

 Step 3 EVALUATE THE RISK AND DECIDE ON PRECAUTIONS

Step 4 RECORD THE SIGNIFICATN FINDINGS

Step 5 REVIEW AND UPDATE AS NECESSARY

Step 1

Q- 9 EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF METHOD OF IDENTIFYING THE HAZARDS

Ans: Hazard Identification

 Task Analysis - Analyses job components before the job start

 Inspections
 Legislations - Standards, Guidance documents
 Manufacturer’s information - Safe use, maintenance, cleaning
 Incident Data - Accident, Nearmisses, ill-health

TASK ANALYSIS

Select the task

Record the steps or stages of the task

Evaluate the risks associated with each step

Develop the safe working method

Implement the safe working method

Monitor to ensure it is effective

(SREDIM)

Step 2

Q- 10 IDENTIFY THE POPULATION AT RISK

Ans:

 Employees
  Maintenance staff
 Cleaners
 Contractors
 Visitors
 Members of public (also trespassers)

Step 3 : ????

Step 4 OUTLINE THE STEP 4 OF RISK ASSESSMENT OR RECORD THE SIGNIFICATN

FINDINGS

 Risk assessment should be good enough to fulfil legal requirements and prevent
injuries
 State the name / competence of assessor
 Identify significant hazards and risks
 Identify persons at risks - worker and others e.g. visitors and vulnerable
 Evaluate current controls
 Identify additional controls
 Enable employer to prioritize controls
 Appropriate to nature of work
 Proportionate to risks
 State time period valid

Step 5 REVIEW AND UPDATE RISK ASSESSMENT AS NECESSARY

Significant changes in:

 Process
 Substances
 Equipment
 Workplace environment
 Personnel
 Legal standards (if it is no longer valid)
 Accident
 Near miss
 Ill-health
 Periodically e.g. annually
Q- 11 IDENTIFY THE CIRCUMSTANCES THAT WOULD REQUIRE RISK ASSESSMENT TO BE
REVIEWED.

Ans: Significant changes in:

 Process
 Substances
 Equipment
 Workplace environment
 Personnel
 Legal standards (if it is no longer valid)
 Accident
 Near miss
 Ill-health
 Periodically e.g. annually

Q-12 IDENTIFY THE REASONS WHY YOUNG PEOPLE WILL BE AT MORE RISK THAN
OTHERS IN THE WORK PLACE AND WHAT CAN BE DONE BY THE EMPLOYER IN
ORDER TO AVOID IT.

Ans: Reason for young workers to be at risk are:

 Lack of experience in workplaces in general

 Physical and, perhaps mental immaturity
 Poor perception of risk
 Heavily influenced by peer group pressure
 Eager to show a willingness to work
 Less communication skills

How to avoid

 Carry out risk assessments specially with young persons in mind

 Prohibit a young person from carrying out certain high risk activities (e.g.
operating high risk machinery)
 Restrict their work patterns and hours (no night shift or overtime work)
 Train and supervise them to a greater degree than other workers
 Provide mentors to monitor and supervise your persons more closely than
other workers and to provide clear lines of communication
 Provide specific health surveillance
QQ-13 IDENTIFY WORK ACTIVITIES THAT MAY PRESENT A PARTICULAR RISK TO
EXPECTANT MOTHERS AT WORK AND GIVE EXAMPLES OF EACH TYPE OF ACTIVITY.

Ans: Hazards that present greater risk to pregnant women:

 Certain hazardous chemicals (e.g. lead)

 Certain biological agents (e.g. the rubella virus)
 Manual handling, especially later in pregnancy
 Extremes of temperature
 Whole body vibration
 Ionizing radiation
 Night shift work
 Stress
 Violence

Q-14 OUTLINE THE ACTIONS THAT AN EMPLOYER MAY TAKE TO REDUCE THE RISK TO
PREGNANT WOMEN.

Ans:

 Change the type of work or the way that it is done

 Change the hour of work
 Suspend the woman from the workplace
DAY 4

ELEMENT 4.3

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL AND BASIC HIERARCHY OF RISK CONTROL MEASURES.

Q- 15 Define hierarchy of control and explain the general hierarchy of control

Ans: Definition

Hierarchy of control is a concept used a great deal in health and safety, it is a list of
options in order of importance, effectiveness or priority, written so that the most
extreme and effective method of controls is at the top of hierarchy, with the least
effective at the bottom.

Hierarchy of Control

1. Elimination Hazardous chemicals can sometime be replaced with materials

which do the same job but present no risk to health i.e (they
are non-hazardous)

2. Substitution Sometime hazard elimination can’t be achieved but substitute

One hazardous substance classified as TOXIC (i.e. lethal in small
doses) is substituted with one that is IRRITANT, The
replacement substance is still hazardous, but far lesshazardous.

3. Engineering Control
- Isolation – Total control Guards around moving machinery to prevent
contact
- Separation – Segregation
Overhead power lines where an electrical conductor has been placed out of
reach, in this case precautions have to be taken to ensure the safe distances are
maintained all times (e.g. use of goal posts-machinery - distance)

- Partial enclosureA hazardous substance might be handled in a fume hood or

partial enclosure which the worker can reach into for
handling purpose.

- Safety devices
 Interlock switches are fitted on movable guards on machinery to ensure that
when the guard is open the machine will not operate (but when the guard is
closed it will) – e.g. Dead man Switch, emergency shut off.

4 Administrative Control

- Safe system of work Procedures / Task Risk Assessment

- Reduce exposureIf one engineer staying more time outside in the field
working on machinery in hazardous conditions etc. he
has more chances of injury than to another engineer
who is working only one hour on the field.

- Reduce time of exposure

The harm caused by noise, vibration, radiation and most hazardous chemicals
(such as lead). The dose is determined by two principal factors.

1 Concentration, intensity or magnitude of the hazard present

2 Time of exposure

- IITS

5 Personal Protective Equipment

Q- 16 IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SAFETY SIGNS AND EXPLAIN.

Ans:

1 Borders & colours

2 Background colours
3 Colour of pictogram
4 Use
5 Example

Prohibition – Directed at stopping dangerous behaviour e.g. No Smoking, The signs

are circular with a black pictogram on a white background with a red
border and red diagonal cross bar.

Warning - Tell people to be carefull of a particular hazard e.g. Forklift trucks

operating in the area. The signs are triangular with a black pictogram
on a yellow background with black border.
 Mandatory Action - Instruct people to take a specific action, often relating to
wearing PPE e.g. eye protection must be worn. They are circular with
solid blue background with a whit pictogram.

Safe Condition - Identify safe behaviour or places of safety e.g. first aid station.
They are rectangular orsquare with a white pictogram on a green
background.

Fire Fighting Equipment - Identify particular items of equipment e.g. hose reels.
They are rectangular or square with a white symbol or pictogram on a
red background.

Q- 17 DEFINE PPE AND GIVE THE ADVANTAGES AND DIS-ADVANTAGES.

Ans: Definition

Equipment or clothing that is worn or held by a worker that protects them from one
or more risks to their safety or health.

Benefits of PPE Limitations of PPE

 Some situations only control  Doesn’t remove hazard

 Only protects the wearer
 Emergency Back up  Requires good fit
 Relies on wearer
 Cheap (short term)  Requires training
 Uncomfortable
 Immediate protection  May increase overall risk
 Incompatibility
 Unpopular so often unworn
 Fails to danger
 No good if wrongly selected
 Contamination
 Expensive long term
ELEMENT 4.5

DEVELOPMENT OF SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK

QUESTION MAY BE

DEFINE THE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK.

Record the steps or stages of the task

Evaluate the risks associated with each step

Develop the safe working method

Implement the safe working method

Monitor to ensure it is effective

(SREDIM)

Q- 18 DEFINE SSoW AND OUTLINE THE REASONS WHY IT HAS TO BE DOCUMENTED

Ans: Safe System of Work (SSoW) - Definition

A safe system of work is a formal procedure based on a systematic examination or

work in order to identify the hazards. It defines safe methods of working which
eliminate those hazards or minimise the risks associated with them.

Written Procedures

 Ensure consistency
 Provide a reference for use in training
 Establishes a standard (can be checked)
 Provide written record for incident investigation / regulatory inspections.

Q- 19 USING A PRACTICAL EXAMPLE, OUTLINE WHAT IS MEANT BY THE FOLLOWING

TYPES OF CONTORL WITHIN A SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK.

Ans: Technical Control

Behavioural Control

Procedural Control
Technical or Engineering Control

Applied directly ot the hazard in order to minimize the risk. This may involve fencing
or barriers of different kinds to isolate workers from the hazards as far as possible, or
failsafe devices designed into equipment to stop its operation if there is a fault.

Procedural Control

The way in which work shold be carried out in relation to the hazard. They will
specify the exact tasks involved, their sequence and the safey actions and checks
which have to be taken, often procedure will relate to the correct operation of
technical controls.

Behavioural Control

How the individual worker acts in relation to the hazard. They include general points
of good practice in the workplace e.g. good housekeeping, and to specific measures
such as the use of PPE.

Q- 20 IDENTIFY THE THINGS NEEDED TO BE CONSIDERED WHILE DEVELOPING SAFE

SYSTEM OF WORK.

Ans: Developing SSW – PEME

 PEOPLE Who is the SSoW for

 EQUIPMENTWhich equipment / plant
 MATERIALSWhat material will be used
 ENVIRONMENTIn what type of environment the work takes place.

Suggested Question

Outline the details that should be included in SSoW for entry into confined space / Lone
Working / Travelling Abroad.

Ans: SSoW for CONFINDED SPACE

 Supervision  Emergency / rescue  Fire Prevention

 Competency procedures measures
 Communication  Isolation, lock off of  Lighting
 Atmospheric testing / electrical /  Suitability of
monitoring mechanical hazards individuals in terms
 Ventilation  PPE of body size
 Removal of residues  Access / Egress  Tools / Illumination
 Lone Working Examples

 Maintenance workers  Receptionist (sometimes)

 Service engineers e.g. gas, appliance  Social workers / carers
 Garage forecourt attendants  Health visitors / district nurses
 Trainers / tutors  Painters / decorators
 Security guards  Sales representatives (on the road)

Working Abroad

Employers have a duty to workers whom they send to work abroad and should provide:

 Pre and post visit briefing  Cultural requirements advice

 Insurance arrangements  Accommodations
 Health advice and vaccinations  In-country travel
 Financial arrangements  Emergency arrangements
 Personal security training and advice  24-hours organisation contacts

Q- 21 DEFINE PTW AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Ans: A formal, documented safety procedure, forming part of a safe system of work,
which ensure that all the necessary actions are taken before, during and after
particular high risk activity.

Typical Aplications:

 Hot work (involving naked flames or creation of ignition sources)

 High voltage electrical systems
 Confined space
 Operational pipelines
 Excavation near buried services
 Complex machinery
 Working at height

Q- 22 EXPLAIN THE KEY ELEMENTS OF PTW SYSTEM

Ans: The general details to be included in a permit to work system can be summarised as:

Issue Description of work to be carried out (details of plant and location)

Assessment of hazards associated with the job

Control required including

 - Additional permits
- Isolation of services and supplies
- PPE
- Atmospheric monitoring etc..
- Emergency procedures
-

Receipt Signature of the authorised person issuing the permit

Clearance Signature of the competent person statin g that the area has been
made safe (e.g. work completed)

Cancelation Signature of the authorised person stating that the isolations have
been removed, the area has been accepted back and the equipment
can be restarted.

Q- 23 IDENTIFY THE THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTION

OF PTW SYSTEM

Ans: A good permit system is only as good as the persons using it.

To work effectively:

 Only authorised persons should issue permits.

 Permit issuers must be familiar with the hazards of workplace and the job to
be carried out
 Precautions must be checked before permits are authorised (no issuing of
permits from the desk)
 Permits must never be amended
 All permit conditions must be adhered to
 Staff must be trained and competent
 The system must be monitored to ensure that it is effective
 The PTW system must be appropriate for the nature of the business e.g. a
bakery may require a less complex system than an oil rig
 Sufficient time must be allowed to ensure permits are issued correctly and
staff trained to appreciate this
ELEMENT 5

HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 4

MEASURING, AUDIT AND REVIEW

SECTION 1 DEFINE ACTIVE AND REACTIVE MONITORING

QQQ- 1 DEFINE ACTIVE AND REACTIVE MONITORING

Ans: ACTIVE.

To ensure health and safety standards are correct in the work place before accident,
incidental or ill-health.

REACTIVE

Using accident, incident and ill-health data as indicators of performance to highlight

the areas of concern

QQ- 2 IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACTIVE MONITORING METHODS.

Ans: Systematic Inspection

Safety Inspection

Safety sampling e.g. smoke detectors/fire extinguisher

Safety survey e.g. specific one item

Safety tours e.g. management

Health surveillance e.g. x-ray / asbestos / vibration

Bench marking e.g.comparison / targets

Safety Audit

SYSTEMATIC INSPECTION

The inspections can focus on the four Ps:

Plant – machinery and vehicles as well as any statutory inspections and examinations
Premises –the workplace and the working environment
People – working methods and behavious
Procedures –safe systems of work, method statements permits to work, etc..
An inspection might concentrate on one, several or all four of these areas. Systematic
inspection regimes usually exist in many different forms within different workplaces.

 A daily inspection regime where forklift truck drivers inspect their own vehicles at
the start of each shift Plant.

 A weekly inspection regime where supervisors check tht forklift trucks are being
driven safely – People

 A monthly inspection regime where the manager checks the entire warehouse for
housekeeping – Premises
 A six-monthly thorough examination of each forklift truck by a competent engineer
to ensure safety of the load bearing parts – Plant

 An annual inspection regime for the storage rackingto ensure structural integrity –
Premises.

SAFETY INSPECTION

The term Safety Inspection means a regular, scheduled activity with comparison to
accepted performance standards. It can be applied to:

 Routine inspection – e.g. quarterly housekeeping inspection in an office

 Statutory inspection – e.g. the annual thorough examination of an item of lifting
equipment.
 Periodic inspection – e.g. a mechanic inspects the brakes on a lorry on a regular basis
to ensure they are not excessively worn. (vehicle maintenance)
 Pre-use checks – e.g. the pre start up checks carried out by a fork lift truck driver
(daily vehicle / equipment checklist )

SAFETY SAMPLING

This is the technique of monitoring compliance with a particular workplace standard

by looking at a representative sample only

Example

IF THE STNDARD IN A LARGE OFFICE COMPLEX IS THAT ALL 1200 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
MUST BE INSPECTED ANNUALLY BY A COMPETENT ENGINEER, THEN THERE ARE
SEVERAL WAYS TO MONITOR THIS STANDARD:

 Check the maintenance records to ensure each and every fire extinguisher has been
signed off.
  Check a representative sample of, say, 50 extinguishers selected at random from
various locations around the complex OR
 Check all 1200 fire extinguishers directly by inspecting every one.

SAFETY SURVEYS

A safety survey is a detailed examination of one particular issue or topic, e.g. a

detailed examination of the provision of emergency lighting within a building.

 Environmental monitoring is a form of safety survey, e.g. a noise assessment usually

requires that a noise survey is carried out by a competent person using a sound level
meter.

SAFETY TOURS

A safety tour is a high profile inspection of a workplace carried out by a group or

team including managers, The tour may be formal, but also can be informal – a walk
round looking at points of interest (usually unscheduled).

HEALTH SURVEILLANCE

Monitoring worker health can be considered an active monitoring measure, as

carrying out measurements of parameters such as hearing (through audiometry) can
provide a measure of effectiveness of controls.

BENCHMARKING

You will remember that the comparison of an organisation’s performance with

others in the industry or sector is known as BENCHMARKING.

Q- 3 IDENTIFY THE FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED BEFORE CONDUCTING THE

WORKPLACE INSPECTION.

Ans: Workplace Inspection Arrangements

Factors to be considered while conducting Inspection.

1. Type of Inspection
2. Frequency of Inspection
3. Allocation of responsibilities
4. Competence of inspector
5. Use of checklists
6. Action planning for problems found
Q- 4 IDENTIFY THE FACTORS THAT DETERMINES THE FREQUENCY OF INSPECTION.

Ans: Determining the frequency of Inspection

 Statutory requirements
 Activities and level of risk
 How well established the process is
 Risk assessment may suggest inspection
 Manufacturer’s recommendation
 Presence of vulnerable group
 Findings from previous inspection
 Accident history and results of investigation
 Enforcement authorities recommendation
 Worker’s voiced concerns

Q- 5 IDENTIFY THE MERITS AND DE-MERITS OF CHECKLIST.

Ans: Use of Checklists

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

 Ensures all points covered  May ignore items not on checklist

 Consistent approach
 Form of written record

Q- 6 IDENTIFY THE TYPICAL TOPICS TO BE INCLUDED IN GENERAL INSPECTION

CHECKLIST

Ans: Workplace Inspections

Typical topics in Inspection Checklist:

 Fire safety
 Housekeeping
 Environment issues
 Traffic routes
 Chemical safety
 Machinery safety
 Electrical safety
 Welfare facilities
Q- 7 IDENTIFY THE STATISTICS THAT COULD BE USED FOR REACTIVE MONITORING

Ans: Methods of Reactive Monitoring

Data collected and reported about:

 Accidents
 Dangerous occurrences
 Near-misses
 Ill-health cases
 Worker complaints
 Enforcement action

Assist in analysing

 Trends – events over a period of time

 Patterns – collections or hot spots of certain types of event, e.g. injury
DAY 5

ELEMETN 5.2

HEALTH AND SAFETY AUDIT

Q- 8 DEFINE HEALTH AND SAFETY AUDIT.

Ans: Health and Safety Audits

Auditing is the:

 Systematic
 Objective
 Critical evaluation

In short:

The structured process of collecting independent information on efficiency,

effectiveness and reliability of the total health and safety management systems and
drawings up plans for corrective action.

 Structure process
 Collecting information
 Efficiency
 Effectiveness
 Reliability
 Drawing plans for corrective actions

Q- 9 IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AUDIT AND INSPECTION OR IDENTIFY THE KEY
FEATURES OF AN AUDIT

Ans:

AUDIT INSPECTION

 Examines document  Checks the workplace

 Examines procedures  Checks the records
 Can be long process  Usually quick
 Usually expensive  Lower cost
 Interview workers  Part of an audit
 Requires a high level of competence  May only require basic competence
Q- 10 IDENTIFY THE STAGES OF AN AUDIT.

Ans:

1. Pre audit preparation

2. During the Audit
3. At the end of the Audit

Pre Audit Preparations

The following should be defined:

 Scope of the audit

 Area and extent of the audit
 Who will be required
 What documentation will be required
 Auditor competence
 Allocation of sufficient management time and resources for internal auditors
 Information gathering

During the Audit

Auditors use three methods to gather information:

 Paper work – documents and records

 Interviews – managers and workers
 Observation – workplace, equipment, activities and behaviour

At the End of the Audit

Verbal feedback is usually provided at the end of an audit; for some audits this will
involve a presentation to the management team. This verbal feedback will be
followed by a written report. The report will make recommendations for
improvement with an indication of priorities and timescales.

Q- 11 IDENTIFY THE TYPICAL DOCUMENTS THAT IS NEEDED TO BE CHECKED WHILE

CONDUCTING AN AUDIT

Ans: DOCUMENTS OT BE CHECKED

Typical information examined during an audit:

 Health and safety policy

 Risk assessments
 Training records
  Minutes of safety committee meetings
 Maintenance records
 Record of monitoring activities
 Accident investigation reports and data
 Emergency arrangements
 Inspection reports from insurance companies
 Output from regular visits
 Worker complaints

Q- 12 LIST THE ADVANTAGES AND DIS-ADVANTAGES OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL

AUDITS

Ans: Internal Audits

ADVANTAGES DIS-ADVANTAGES

 Less expensive  Auditors may not notice certain

 Auditors are already familiar with
the workplace and what is
practicable for industry
 Can see changes since last audit
 Improves ownership of issues
found
 Builds competence internally
 Workforce more at ease
 Familiarity with workforce and
individuals
issues
 Auditors may not have good
knowledge of industry or legal
standards
 Auditors may not possess
auditing skill so may need training
 Auditors are not independent so
may be subject to internal
influence

Q- 13 LIST THE TYPES OF NONCONFORMITIES THAT COULD BE HIGHLIGHTED BY AN

AUDITOR

Ans: Correcting Non-conformities

Major non-conformance

Significant issue, needs urgent action

Minor non-conformance

Less serious issue, unlikely to result in injury or failure of management system

Observations – opinion given by auditor

Element 5.3

Investigating Incidents

QQQ 14 IDENTIFY THE REASONS TO CARRY OUT INCIDENT INVESTIGATION

Ans: INCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS

Reasons to carry out investigations

 Identify the causes

 Prevent recurrence
 Collect evidence
 Legal reasons
 Insurance purposes
 Staff morale
 Disciplinary purposes
 To update risk assessments
 Discover trends

Q- 15 IDENTIFY THE REASONS WHY AN INCIDENT SHOULD BE REPORTED

Ans:

1. To trigger the provision of first aid treatment etc..

2. To preserve the accident scene for the investigation
3. To enable the investigation to be carried out to prevent recurrences
4. To meet any legal requirements to report incidents
5. To record that an incident has occurred in the event of subsequent civil
claims

QQQ- 16 IDENTIFY THE BASIC INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE OR IDENTIFY HOW AN

ORGANISATION CAN ENSURE THE INCIDENT INVESTIGATION IS EFFECTIVE.

Ans:

Step 1 Gather factual information

Step 2 Analyse the information and draw conclusion

Step 3 Identify suitable control measures

Step 4 Plan the remedial actions

Step 1 – Gathering information

 Secure the scene

 Identify witnesses
 Collect factual information
Photo/sketch
Measurements
Notes
Mark up plans
Videos
 Interview witnesses
 Examine documents

Step 2 – Analysing information

Immediate Causes

 Unsafe Act
 Unsafe Conditions

Underlying or Root Causes:

 Reasons behind the immediate causes

 Often failures in the management system
 No supervision
 No PPE provided
 No training
 No maintenance
 No checking or inspection
 Inadequate or no risk assessments

Step 3 – Identifying suitable control measures

For Immediate Causes

 Clean up the spill

 Replace the missing guard
 Relocate the trailing cable

For Underlying or Root Causes

 More difficult
  Need to make changes in management system

Step 4 – Plan the remedial action

Recommendation Action Priority Time Scale Responsible Person

Introduce induction Medium 1 Month Warehouse Manager

training for all new drivers

QQQ-17 IDENTIFY THE GOOD WITNESS INTERVIEWING TECHNIQUE

Ans: Witness Interview Technique

 Quiet room, no distractions

 Establish a rapport
 Explain the purpose, not about blame
 Use open questions, e.g. Who, Where, When, Why, How?
 Keep an open mind
 Take notes
 Ask for a written statement
 Thank the witness

Q- 18 IDENTIFY THE TYPICAL CONTENTS OF AN INVESTIGATION REPORT

Ans: Investigation Report Contents

 Details of injured person

 Date, time and location of incident
 Details of injury
 Drawings or photographs
 Details of treatment given
 Immediate and root cause
 Assessment of any breaches of legislation
 Description of event causing injury
 Recommended corrective action
 Estimation of cost
 Witnesses, names and contact details

Q- 19 IDENTIFY THE TYPICAL CONTENT OF INTERNAL ACCIDENT RECORD

Ans: Content of Internal Accident Record

  Name and address of casualty
 Date and Time of accident
 Location of Accident
 Details of injury and treatment given
 Witnesses names and contact details
 Signature

Q- 20 IDENTIFY THE REASONS WHY WORKERS MIGHT NOT REPORT AN INCIDENT

Ans: Barriers to Reporting

 Unclear organisational policy

 No reporting system in place
 Culture of not reporting (peer pressure)
 Overly-complicated reporting procedures
 Excessive paperwork
 Takes too much time
 Blame culture
 Apathy – poor management response
 Concern over impact on organisation/individuals
 Reluctance to receive first aid.

QQQ- 21 IDENTIFY HOW REACTIVE MONITORING STATISTICS CAN BE USED TO IMPROVE

HEALTH AND SAFETY OF THE ORGANISATION OR IDENTIFY THE REASON WHY
INCIDENT DATA SHOULD BE COLLECTED.

Ans: Data Collection & Analysis

Analysis of data:

 What is the trend in accident / incidence rate over the past 5 years?
 What are the most common types of accident?
 What are the most common types of injury?
 Between what times of the day do most accidents occur?
 Which part of the body is most frequently injured?
 Which department has the highest accident rate?
 What is the accident rate trend for a particular part of the organisation?
 Where do most accidents occur in the workplace?

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Q APART FROM MANAGEMENT IDENTIFY THE GROUPS OF PEOPLE WHOM SHOULD
BE AWARE ABOUT THE OUTCOME OF INVESTIGATION REPORT.

Ans: It will depend on the severity

INTERNAL EXTERNAL

 Directors  Family of the casualty

 Senior Managers  External authorities
 HR Managers  Insurance companies
 HSE Advisors  Public relations advisors
 Worker Representatives

Q GROUP SYNDICATE EXCERCISE

A worker is struck by a load being carried on a pallet by a forklift truck.

Outline possible IMMEDIATE and UNDERLYAING causes of the accident.

IMMEDIATE CAUSES

 Failure to secure the load

 Poor positioning of the truck close to the pedestrian exit
 Aggressive braking by the driver
 Oil patch from leaking forklift

UNDERLYING OR ROOT CAUSES

 No training for the driver

 Lack of segregation of vehicles and pedestrians
 Poor driver induction
 Poor truck maintenance
 No refresher training