Stages of ESP Course Design Identifying and Conducting Steps of Needs Assessment

1. STAGES OF ESP COURSE DESIGN IDENTIFYING AND CONDUCTING STEPS OF NEED ASSESSMENT Group
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2. Language-centered course design The language-centered course design process aims to draw as
direct connection as possible between the analysis of the target situation and the content of ESP course
Identify learners Target situation Establish evaluation procedures to test acquisition of syllabus items
Select theoretical views of language Identify linguistic feature of target situation Create syllabus design
material to exemplify syllabus items

3. Skill-centered course design The basic theoretical hypothesis is that underlying any language
behavior are certain skill and strategies, which the learner uses in order to produce or comprehend
discourse

4. Write syllabus Identify target situation Select texts and write exercises to focus on skill/strategies in
syllabus Establish evaluation procedures which require the use of skills/strategies in syllabus Theoretical
views of learning Analyze skill/strategies required to cope in target situation Theoretical views of
language

5. A learning-centered approach The learner-centered approach is based on the principle that learning
is totally determine by the learner.

6. A language-centered approach considers the learner to here A learning-centered approach must

consider the learner at every stage Identify target situation Analyze target situation Analyze learning
situation Teach materials Write materials Write syllabus Evaluate learner achievement.

7. A needs assessment is a systematic approach to studying the state of knowledge, ability, interest, or
attitude of a defined audience or group involving a particular subject.WHAT IS A NEEDSASSESSMENT?

8. Direct and indirect assessments direct needs assessment is accomplished through formal research
that gathers data from clientele. An indirect approach uses secondary data or asks surrogates (advisors)
for their opinions about priority needs and issues.

9. An indirect assessment can be conducted at any time when an advisory committee is meeting and
does not require the same level of investment in the design, implementation, and analysis.

10. Seven steps in conducting a needsassessment1. Write objectives: What is it that you want to learn
from the needs assessment?2. Select audience: Who is the target audience? Whose needs are you
measuring, and to whom will you give the requiredinformation?3. Collect data: How will you collect data
that will tell you what you need to know? Will you collect data directly from the target audience or
indirectly?

11. 4. Select audience sample: How will you select a sample of respondents who represent the target
audience?5. Pick an instrument: What instruments and techniques will you use to collect data?6.
Analyze data: How will you analyze the data you collect?7. Follow-up: What will you do with information
that you gain?

12. Objectives of a needs assessment: Various objectives of a needs assessment are based on two
things: who is asking the questions (what is your mission and responsibility?); and who is the target
audience. The objectives will dictate how the needs assessment is to be designed and conducted.

13. FOUR DATA COLLECTINGMETHODS1. SURVEYS Written surveys may be conducted by mail, bye-mail,
or by using a Web page. They also may be used to gather data from a group of individuals attending an
event.2. INTERVIEWS are a means to collect needs assessment data through one or more conversations
between two or more people.

14. 3. FOCUS GROUPS Focus groups are group discussions conducted in person with a limited number of
stakeholders to gain information about their views and experiences on a topic.4. WORKING GROUPS
Group process is used to manage how people work together in groups. Group processes refer to a
variety of techniques and activities through which a facilitator leads a group to a desired output and
corresponding outcome.