A.3.

Anchor Blocks Design Calculations

D-004 | 2.0 | 30 September 2018

Atkins | 5165692 d-004 section 4 design verification report rev2.docx Page 52 of 66
Client: Ghantoot Transport & Gen. Cont. LLC
Project: Improvement of Mafraq to Al Ghwaifat Border Post Highway Section No 4B:
Al Mafraq to Himeem Interchange

Design Calculations of Line Anchor Blocks

for Combined Bends from Ch. 0+050.28 to
Ch. 0+401.82 (DN1200 TRANSCO Water Line)
between Interchange Location 17B and IC-18

Tebodin

Tebodin Middle East Ltd.

Ahmed Ghanem Mazroui Building
Hamdan Street
Tourist Club Area
P.O. Box 2652
Abu Dhabi
United Arab Emirates

Author: Mohammad Maqsood Alam / Azza Azzam

- Telephone: 02 - 406 6167
- E-mail: mohammad.alam@tebodin.com

May 14, 2017

Order number: AET00053-00
Document number: 1134807
Revision: 0
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Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Design Calculations of Line Anchor Blocks for Combined Bends from Ch.
0+050.28 to Ch. 0+401.82 (DN1200 TRANSCO Water Line) between
Interchange Location 17B
Order number: AET00053-00
Document number: 1134807
Revision: 0
May 14, 2017
Page 2 / 12

0 14.05.2017 Issued for Approval Azza Azzam Md. Maqsood Alam M. Abdul Razol

Rev. Date Description Author Checked by Approved By

© Copyright Tebodin

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without
permission of the publisher.

L:\PROJ\AET00053-00 Ghantoot\11\1134807-0 TRANSCO - DC for DN1200 LA_I-7 Ch. 0+050.28 to 0+401.82.docx

Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Design Calculations of Line Anchor Blocks for Combined Bends from Ch.
0+050.28 to Ch. 0+401.82 (DN1200 TRANSCO Water Line) between
Interchange Location 17B
Order number: AET00053-00
Document number: 1134807
Revision: 0
May 14, 2017
Page 3 / 12

Table of contents page

1. INTRODUCTION 4
2. DOCUMENT OBJECTIVE 4
3. REFERENCES, CODES AND STANDARDS 4
4. DESIGN DATA 5
4.1 Material Parameters 5
4.2 Soil Parameters 5
5. DETAILS OF LINE ANCHOR BLOCKS 7
6. DESIGN PHILOSOPHY 8
7. ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE 9
7.1 Dead Load (DL) 9
7.2 Live Load (LL) 9
7.3 Pipe Load (PL) 9
7.4 Earth Pressure (EP) 9
8. SOFTWARE 9
APPENDIX-1: STRUCTURAL STABILITY & DESIGN CALCULATIONS 10
APPENDIX-2: GEOTECHNICAL INFORMATION 11
APPENDIX-3: REFERENCE DRAWINGS 12

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Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Design Calculations of Line Anchor Blocks for Combined Bends from Ch.
0+050.28 to Ch. 0+401.82 (DN1200 TRANSCO Water Line) between
Interchange Location 17B
Order number: AET00053-00
Document number: 1134807
Revision: 0
May 14, 2017
Page 4 / 12

1. INTRODUCTION

M/s Ghantoot Transport & Gen. Cont. L.L.C. has been awarded by Abu Dhabi General Services
Company (Musanada) as EPC Contractor for the project “Improvement of Mafraq to Al Ghwaifat Border
Post High Way Section No 4B: Al Mafraq to Himeem Interchange”.

M/s Ghantoot Transport & Gen. Cont. L.L.C. has appointed M/s. Tebodin as their Engineering
Consultant for Detailed Engineering Services of Civil & Structural Works for Relocation / Protection of
TRANSCO water pipeline to be performed in accordance with the Contract conditions, specifications
as well as applicable codes & standards.

2. DOCUMENT OBJECTIVE

This document provides the structural design calculations report of Line Anchor blocks for Combined
bends from Chainage 0+050.28 to Chainage 0+401.82 between Interchange location IC-17B and IC-
18 to be constructed for DN 1200 TRANSCO water pipeline as a part of the Musanada project
“Improvement of Mafraq to Al Ghwaifat Border Post High Way Section No 4B: Al Mafraq to Himeem
Interchange”.

3. REFERENCES, CODES AND STANDARDS

The following codes and standards have been referred:

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR LOADS AND COMBINATIONS

Loading for buildings: Code of practice for dead and

BS: 6399 Part-1
imposed loads.

BS: 6399 Part-2 Loading for buildings: Code of practice for wind loads.

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN

Structural use of concrete: Code of practice for design and

BS: 8110-Part 1,2,3
construction.

Design of Concrete Structures for Retaining Aqueous

BS: 8007
Liquids.

CLIENT / PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS / DOCUMENTS

Design Criteria for Civil and Structural Works (Relocation of

1181002, Rev.1
TRANSCO Water Pipelines)

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Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Design Calculations of Line Anchor Blocks for Combined Bends from Ch.
0+050.28 to Ch. 0+401.82 (DN1200 TRANSCO Water Line) between
Interchange Location 17B
Order number: AET00053-00
Document number: 1134807
Revision: 0
May 14, 2017
Page 5 / 12

Geotechnical Investigation Report for IC-17B to IC-18 of

AUH.16.SI.25/6, Rev.0 Al Mafraq to Himeem Interchange, Abu Dhabi (by M/s
Baynunah Laboratories).

Specification for Civil/Structural General Requirements for

W-C-SS-003, Rev.0
water works.

W-C-SS-005, Rev.2 Specification for Concrete

4. DESIGN DATA

4.1 Material Parameters

Material Property Value Units Remarks

Density 24 kN/m3

Characteristic Table 7.1 of BS 8110: Part

40 N/mm2
Strength 2: 1985

Cement Concrete, Mean value from Table

Modulus of
C40 28000 N/mm2 7.2 of BS 8110: Part 2:
Elasticity
1985

Coefficient of
From Table 3.2, BS 8110:
Thermal 8 x 10-6 Per oC
Part 2: 1985
Expansion

Density 78.5 kN/m3

High tensile deformed

Reinforcing Steel Characteristic type II
500 N/mm2
(Conforming to BS Strength
4449)
Modulus of Clause 3.6.a.2 of BS
200000 N/mm2
Elasticity 8110: Part 2: 1985

4.2 Soil Parameters

From the approved Geotechnical soil investigation report (relevant pages attached in Appendix-2), the
following values of the relevant boreholes are considered for the design:

 First Bend Location (Chainage 0+050.28)

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Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Design Calculations of Line Anchor Blocks for Combined Bends from Ch.
0+050.28 to Ch. 0+401.82 (DN1200 TRANSCO Water Line) between
Interchange Location 17B
Order number: AET00053-00
Document number: 1134807
Revision: 0
May 14, 2017
Page 6 / 12

Reference Borehole : BH T-08

Bulk Unit weight of soil (s) : 18 kN/m3

Net Allowable Bearing capacity of soil (q) : 170 kN/m2 at the depth of foundation location

Angle of internal friction of soil () : 30º

Coefficient of Active earth pressure (k a) : 0.33

Coefficient of Passive earth pressure (k p) : 3.0

Coefficient of earth pressure at Rest (k 0) : 0.50

Coefficient of Soil-Soil friction () : tan 

Coefficient of concrete-membrane friction () : zero

Ground Water table : encountered at 1.008 m below the existing

ground level (average value causing worst
case). We assume a tidal variation of +1.0 m,
hence the water table for design has been
considered at 0.008 m below the finished
ground level which is above the Line Anchor
block foundation level, hence considered in
design.

 Last Bend Location (Chainage 0+401.82)

Reference Borehole : BH T-09

Bulk Unit weight of soil (s) : 19 kN/m3

Net Allowable Bearing capacity of soil (q) : 200 kN/m2 at the depth of foundation location

Angle of internal friction of soil () : 36º

Coefficient of Active earth pressure (k a) : 0.26

Coefficient of Passive earth pressure (k p) : 3.852

Coefficient of earth pressure at Rest (k 0) : 0.412

Coefficient of Soil-Soil friction () : tan 

Coefficient of concrete-membrane friction () : zero

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Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Design Calculations of Line Anchor Blocks for Combined Bends from Ch.
0+050.28 to Ch. 0+401.82 (DN1200 TRANSCO Water Line) between
Interchange Location 17B
Order number: AET00053-00
Document number: 1134807
Revision: 0
May 14, 2017
Page 7 / 12

Ground Water table : encountered at 0.535 m below the existing

ground level (average value causing worst
case). We assume a tidal variation of +1.0 m,
hence the water table for design has been
considered at the finished ground level as a
worst case condition.

5. DETAILS OF LINE ANCHOR BLOCKS

Line Anchor blocks have been designed for various bends located in between chainage 0+050.28 and
0+401.82 along the DN 1200 pipeline and considered as a combined offset. Separate design has been
made for each side and accordingly required quantity of Line Anchor blocks have been provided before
Chainage 0+050.28 and after Chainage 0+401.28 to counterbalance the induced forces. The complete
line between these two chainages have been considered as fully restrained.

Schematic Plan of the Pipeline Segment

Since the Ground level and Top of Pipe level are varying for each location as mentioned above, hence
average values of levels and subsequently the soil cover are calculated (refer Appendix-1) and
accordingly considered in design as listed below.

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Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Design Calculations of Line Anchor Blocks for Combined Bends from Ch.
0+050.28 to Ch. 0+401.82 (DN1200 TRANSCO Water Line) between
Interchange Location 17B
Order number: AET00053-00
Document number: 1134807
Revision: 0
May 14, 2017
Page 8 / 12

Actual
Found Allowable
Soil Ground
Finished Pipe ation Bearing
cover Water Nearest
Ground Top depth Capacity at
Interchange Chainage above Table Bore
Level Level below Foundation
Location pipe depth Hole
(FGL) (PTL) FGL level
(m) below
(m) (kN/m2)
FGL (m)

Between
IC-17B and 0+050.28 4.485 1.140 3.345 5.522 1.008 170 T-08
IC-18

Between
IC-17B and 0+401.82 5.211 2.145 3.066 5.244 0.535 200 T-09
IC-18

Structural stability checks and design have been performed for Line Anchor blocks with minimum soil
cover and other soil parameters with minimum values causing worst case condition.

6. DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

Line Anchor Blocks are concrete blocks primarily used to hold the pipe / pipe joints intact due to
unbalanced thrust forces generated at bends / fittings. It is a mass concrete block casted around the
individual pipe with nominal skin reinforcement required for thermal shrinkage. Line Anchor Blocks are
provided before Chainage 0+050.28 (i.e. first bend location) and after Chainage 0+401.28 (i.e. last
bend location) with fully restrained joints between these two chainages.

Thrust force for the design of Line Anchor blocks have been calculated based on the following PAM
Manual formula:

Design Thrust force, F = P x A x f

Where, P = Hydrostatic Site Test pressure (22 bar)

A = Cross sectional area of Pipe considering outer diameter (OD)

and, f = (π/2 – θ*/2) x (tan θ/2) ( * = value in radians)

Based on the above PAM formula, value of force factor ‘f’ for different bends / combination of bends
have been calculated and tabulated as follows:

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Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Design Calculations of Line Anchor Blocks for Combined Bends from Ch.
0+050.28 to Ch. 0+401.82 (DN1200 TRANSCO Water Line) between
Interchange Location 17B
Order number: AET00053-00
Document number: 1134807
Revision: 0
May 14, 2017
Page 9 / 12

Bend Angle in degrees (θ) Force Factor ‘f’

90 0.7854

45 0.488

22.5 0.2734

11.25 0.145

45+22.5 0.656

45+11.25 0.5772

22.5+11.25 0.3872

Dead End / Combined Offset 1.0

Factor as highlighted above has been used for design.

7. ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE

7.1 Dead Load (DL)

Dead Load considered include concrete structure self-weight, overburden soil weight and weight of
pipe filled with water.

7.2 Live Load (LL)

Not applicable for Line Anchor Blocks.

7.3 Pipe Load (PL)

Unbalanced Thrust force due to bends / fittings for Hydrostatic Site Test pressure as described above.

7.4 Earth Pressure (EP)

In order to optimise the design, lateral loads due to active earth pressure have been considered at first
anchor block and passive earth pressure at last anchor block of each side of bend.

8. SOFTWARE

MS-Excel spreadsheets have been used to check the structural stability against overturning, sliding
and bearing pressure as well as skin reinforcement calculation.

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Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Design Calculations of Line Anchor Blocks for Combined Bends from Ch.
0+050.28 to Ch. 0+401.82 (DN1200 TRANSCO Water Line) between
Interchange Location 17B
Order number: AET00053-00
Document number: 1134807
Revision: 0
May 14, 2017
Page 10 / 12

APPENDIX-1: STRUCTURAL STABILITY & DESIGN CALCULATIONS

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Calculation of Design Levels for Critical Case as per the Profile Drawing

Line Anchor Blocks for Combined Bends from CH. 0+050.28 to 0+401.82

Soil cover GWT GWT G.W. Nearest Remarks

(+1.0m)
Chanaige FGL EGL PTL above top depth depth Depth
from FGL
of Pipe from EGL from FGL m BH
0+000.00 4.445 4.445 1.140 3.305 0.968 0.968 -0.032 T-08
0+020.00 4.668 4.668 1.140 3.528 1.191 1.191 0.191 T-08
0+040.00 4.412 4.412 1.140 3.272 0.935 0.935 -0.065 T-08
0+042.50 4.414 4.414 1.140 3.274 0.937 0.937 -0.063 T-08
0+045.13* 7.041 4.422 1.140 5.901 0.945 3.564 2.564 T-08
0+050.28* 7.041 4.439 1.140 5.901 0.962 3.564 2.564 T-08 Bend location
4.485 4.485 1.140 3.345 1.008 1.008 0.008 Average
*Levels from Ch. 0+045.13 to Ch. 0+050.28 are ignored while calculating average values due to high variation
from the remaining area.

Hence average values from the above levels are considered for design as listed below:
0+050.28* 4.485 4.485 1.140 3.345 1.008 1.008 0.008 average
 STABILITY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF CONCRETE LINE ANCHOR BLOCKS
COMBINED BENDS FROM CH.0+050.28 TO CH.0+401.82 (DN 1200 DI TRANSCO PIPELINE)
BETWEEN IC-17B AND IC-18

1. GENERAL ARRANGEMENT E.G.L / F.G.L

S O I L C O V E R
2.922
0.423
3.972 0.008
GWT
5.522
1.255 2.100

1.550 0.423

0.50

2.400

CROSS SECTION
(All dimensions are in meters.) E.G.L / F.G.L

S O I L C O V E R
5.0
Anchor Block

Pipeline

Shear Key

0.50 4.0 0.50

LONGITUDINAL SECTION
(All dimensions are in meters.)

2. DESIGN INPUT DATA

a. Pipeline Profile
Chainage 0+050.28 Average
Finished Ground Level (E.G.L) 4.485 m design levels
Existing Ground Level (F.G.L) 4.485 m are considered
Pipe Top Level (P.T.L) 1.140 m as per the
Design Ground Water Table Level (G.W.T) 4.477 m attached
calculation

1 of 6
b. Soil parameters
Reference Bore Hole BH-T-08
3
Bulk Unit weight of soil gs = 18 KN/m
OMC % 14 nearest trial Pit TP-29
3
Saturated Soil Density= gdry*(1+OMC%) gsat = 20.52 kN/m
3
Unit Weight of Water gw = 10 KN/m
3
Submerged Weight of Soil gsub = 10.52 KN/m
Ground Water depth below EGL (W.T) w= 0.008 m Design W.T
(including tidal variations of 1.0 m)

2
Allowable bearing capacity of soil q= 170 KN/m by interpolation
Angle of Internal friction of soil ф= 30 degree
= 0.524 radians
Coefficient of friction between soil & soil Tan (ф) = 0.577
(in case of shear key provision)
2/3(ф) = 20.00 degree
= 0.349 radians
Coefficient of friction between soil & concrete Tan 2/3(ф) = 0.364
(in case of without shear key provision)

c. Pipeline details
Internal Diameter of Pipe Di = 1.20 m
External Diameter of Pipe De = 1.255 m
Operating Pressure of the Pipeline Po = 17 bar
Design Pressure of the Pipeline Pd = 22 bar
2
= 2200 KN/m
Bend Angle θ= 180 deg. Combined Bends
Force Factor as per PAM Manual f= 1.0000

Standard length of pipe L= 6.00 m

Weight of empty Pipe per meter length W p/m = 5.23 KN/m
Soil cover to Pipe crown cp = 3.345 m

d. Concrete
3
Concrete Density gc = 24 KN/m
2
Specified characteristic strength fcu = 40 N/mm
2
Elastic Modulus Ec = 28,000 N/mm
3
Submerged Weight of Concrete gc' = 14 KN/m

e. Reinforcement (BS4449 Gr 460)

2
Specified Yield Strength fy = 500 N/mm
2
Elastic Modulus Es = 200,000 N/mm
Clear cover to reinforcement c= 75 mm

f. Dimensions of the block

Length of block l= 5.0 m
Width of Block b= 2.40 m
Height of block h= 2.10 m
Width of Shear Key bk = 0.5 m
Depth of Shear Key hk = 0.5 m
Soil cover above block cb = 2.922 m
No. of Blocks assumed at each side of bend n= 8 no.
Lever Arm for Thrust force about Shear key / bottom x= 1.55 m

2 of 6
g. Factor of Safety for Stability conditions
Factor of Safety against Sliding = 1.4
Factor of Safety against Overturning = 1.5
Factor of Safety against Floatation = 1.4

3. WEIGHT CALCULATIONS
2
Internal x-sectional area of Pipe Ai = 1.131 m
2
External x-sectional area of Pipe Ae = 1.237 m
Total Thrust Force due to bend T= 2721.45 KN T = P*A*f
2
Area of Block A= 12.00 m
Section Modulus of Block Z= 10.00 m3
Thrust force per block T/n = 340.18 KN
3
Volume of Concrete Block Vb = 25.20 m
3
Volume of Shear Key Vk = 1.80 m
3
Volume of Soil mass above block Vs = 35.07 m
3
Deduction for Volume of Pipe opening (-) Vo = -6.19 m

Weight of each Concrete Block Wb = 604.80 KN

Weight of Shear Key for each concrete block Wk = 43.20 KN
Weight of overburden Soil above each concrete block Ws = 719.34 KN
Weight of Empty Pipe inside each block Wp = 31.38 KN
Weight of Water inside the pipe of each block Ww = 67.86 KN
Deduction for Weight of Pipe opening (-) Wo = -148.44 KN
Weight of Confined soil between shear key of block W cs = 98.50 KN
Total Weight of each Line Anchor block (Dry) Pd = 1316.40 KN
Total Weight of each Line Anchor block (Saturated) Psa = 1416.63 KN
Weight deduction due to Water table uplift (-) Wu = -661.74 KN
Nett. Weight of each Line Anchor Block (Submerged) Ps = 754.89 KN

4. STABILITY CHECKS

Check for Sliding

Active soil coefficient Ka = 0.333
Passive soil coefficient Kp = 3.00

Active soil pressure force calculation

2
Active soil pressure at top of block P1a= 10.27 KN/m
2
Active soil pressure at the top of pipe P2a= 11.75 KN/m
2
Active soil pressure at bottom of pipe P3a= 16.15 KN/m
2
Active soil pressure at top of shear key P4a= 17.63 KN/m
2
Active soil pressure at bottom of shear key P5a= 19.38 KN/m

3 of 6
Active soil force from top of block to top of pipe / meter width a1= 4.65 KN/m
Active soil force from top of pipe to bottom of pipe / meter width a2= 17.51 KN/m
Active soil force from bottom of pipe to top of shear key / meter width a3= 7.14 KN/m
Active soil force from top of shear key to bottom of shear key / meter width a4= 9.25 KN/m

At the area left and right of the pipe opening:

100% Active soil force from top of block to top of pipe a1= 5.325 KN Unit width =(2.4-
100% Active soil force from top of pipe to bottom of pipe a2= 20.04 KN
1.255) = 1.145
100% Active soil force from bottom of pipe to top of shear key a3= 8.17 KN
100% Active soil force from top of shear key to bottom of shear key a4= 10.60 KN m
At the area top and bottom of the pipe opening:
100% Active soil force from top of block to top of pipe a1= 5.84 KN
0% Active soil force from top of pipe to bottom of pipe a2= 0.00 KN
100% Active soil force from bottom of pipe to top of shear key a3= 8.96 KN
100% Active soil force from top of shear key to bottom of shear key a4= 11.61 KN

Total active soil force = 70.54 KN

Passive soil pressure force calculation

2
Passive soil pressure at top of block P1p= 92.40 KN/m
Passive soil pressure at the top of pipe P2p= 105.73 KN/m2
Passive soil pressure at bottom of pipe P3p= 145.34 KN/m2
Passive soil pressure at top of shear key P4p= 158.68 KN/m2
2
Passive soil pressure at bottom of shear key P5p= 174.46 KN/m

Passive soil force from top of block to top of pipe / meter width p1= 41.86 KN/m
Passive soil force from top of pipe to bottom of pipe / meter width p2= 157.55 KN/m
Passive soil force from bottom of pipe to top of shear key / meter width p3= 64.22 KN/m
Passive soil force from top of shear key to bottom of shear key / meter width p4= 83.28 KN/m

At the area left and right of the pipe opening:

100% Passive soil force from top of block to top of pipe p1= 47.92 KN Unit width =(2.4-
100% Passive soil force from top of pipe to bottom of pipe p2= 180.40 KN
1.255) = 1.145
100% Passive soil force from bottom of pipe to top of shear key p3= 73.54 KN
100% Passive soil force from top of shear key to bottom of shear key p4= 95.36 KN m
At the area top and bottom of the pipe opening:
100% Passive soil force from top of block to top of pipe p1= 52.53 KN
0% Passive soil force from top of pipe to bottom of pipe p2= 0.00 KN
100% Passive soil force from bottom of pipe to bottom of shear key p3= 80.60 KN
100% Passive soil force from bottom of pipe to bottom of shear key p4= 104.52 KN

Total Passive soil force = 634.87 KN

Total Sliding force (Thrust force + Active Force) FS = 2791.99 KN

No. of Block n= 8 no.
Sliding Force / Block FS/n = 349.00 KN
Frictional Resisiting Force per block FR = 435.84 KN
Passive force / Block = 79.36 KN
Total Resisting Force per block = 515.20 KN
Factor of Safety F.O.S = 1.48 OK

4 of 6
Additional check for sliding
I) Factor of Safety Required 1.4
Active Force = Thrust force (operating pressure) + Active soil force
Resisting Force =100% Frictional force +50% passive up to top of shear key +100% passive from shear key top to shear key bottom
Operating Pressure = 17.00 bar
Pressure in SI units = 1700.00 kN/m 2
Total thrust force due to bend = 2102.94 kN
100% active soil force = 70.54 KN

Total sliding force = 2173.48 KN

Total sliding force per block = 271.68 KN

100% Frictional force per block = 435.84 KN

50% of Passive up to top of shear key = 217.49 KN
50% of Passive up to top of shear key per block = 27.19 KN
100% of Passive from top of shear key to bottom of shear key = 199.88 KN
100% of Passive from top of shear key to bottom of shear key
per block = 24.98 KN

Total Resisting Force per block = 488.01 KN

Factor of Safety F.O.S = 1.80 OK

II) Factor of Safety Required 1.2

Active Force = Thrust force (hydraulic testing pressure) + Active soil force
Resisting Force =100% Frictional force +50% passive up to top of shear key +100% passive from shear key top to shear key bottom
Hydraulic Testing Pressure = 22.00 bar
2
Pressure in SI units = 2200.00 kN/m
Total thrust force due to bend = 2721.45 kN
100% active soil force = 70.54 KN

Total sliding force = 2791.99 KN

Total sliding force per block = 349.00 KN

Total Resisting Force per block = 488.01 KN

Factor of Safety F.O.S = 1.40 OK

III) Factor of Safety Required 1.1

Active Force = Thrust force (operating pressure) + Active soil force
Resisting Force =100% Frictional force +0% passive up to top of shear key +100% passive from shear key top to shear key bottom
Operating Pressure = 17.00 bar
Total sliding force = 2173.48 KN
Total sliding force per block = 271.68 KN

100% Frictional force per block = 435.84 KN

0% of Passive up to top of shear key = 0.00 KN
0% of Passive up to top of shear key per block = 0.00 KN
100% of Passive from top of shear key to bottom of shear key = 199.88 KN
100% of Passive from top of shear key to bottom of shear key
per block = 24.98 KN

Total Resisting Force per block = 460.82 KN

Factor of Safety F.O.S = 1.70 OK

IV) Factor of Safety Required 1.05

Active Force = Thrust force (hydraulic testing pressure) + Active soil force
Resisting Force =100% Frictional force +0% passive up to top of shear key +100% passive from shear key top to shear key bottom
Hydraulic Testing Pressure = 22.00 bar

Total sliding force = 2791.99 KN

Total sliding force per block = 349.00 KN
Total Resisting Force per block = 460.82 KN

Factor of Safety F.O.S = 1.32 OK

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Check for Overturning
Lever Arm for Overturning Moment x= 1.55 m
Overturning Moment about Shear Key / per block MO = 527.28 KNm
Resisting Moment about Shear Key / per block MR = 1887.23 KNm
Factor of Safety F.O.S = 3.58 OK

Check for Max. Base Pressure Dry case critical

Moment at the base of block due to thrust force M= 527.28 KNm
2
Base Pressure due to Vertical forces P/A = 109.70 KN/m
2
Variation due to moment M/Z = 52.73 KN/m
Maximum Base Pressure Pmax = 162.43 OK
Minimum Base Pressure Pmin = 56.97 OK

Check for Max. Base Pressure at Wet Condition Wet case

Moment at the base of block due to thrust force M= 527.28 KNm
2
Base Pressure due to Vertical forces Ps /A = 62.91 KN/m
2
Variation due to moment M/Z = 52.73 KN/m
Maximum Base Pressure Pmax = 115.64 OK
Minimum Base Pressure Pmin = 10.18 OK

Check for Floatation

Total Uplift force per block FU = 661.74 KN
Resisiting Force per block FR = 1416.63 KN
Factor of Safety F.O.S = 2.14 OK

5. REINFORCEMENT CALCULATIONS

As per clause 3.9.4.19 of BS 8110-1:1997, Minimum reinforcement required in each

direction to control cracking due to thermal & hydration shrinkage shall be as follows:
a) for grade 460 : 0.25 % of the concrete cross-sectional area;
b) for grade 250 : 0.30 % of the concrete cross-sectional area.
2
Concrete cross-sectional Area Ac = 3.80 m
2
Total area of steel required in each direction At = 9507.45 mm
2
Area of steel required in each direction & at each face Atreq = 1056.38 mm /m
Dia of bar used Ф= 12 mm
No. of bars required N= 9.33
Bar spacing required sreq = 107.14 mm

Bar spacing provided spro = 100 mm

Provide the reinforcement in each direction & at each face as T12-100 c/c
2
Area of steel provided in each direction & at each face Atprov = 1130.97 mm /m OK

6. QUANTITY ESTIMATES
3
Net Volume of Concrete / per Block 20.81 m
3
Volume of Concrete for Line Anchor on each side 166.52 m
3
Total Volume of Concrete for bend 333.04 m

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Calculation of Design Levels for Critical Case as per the Profile Drawing

Line Anchor Blocks for Combined Bends from CH. 0+050.28 to 0+401.82

Soil cover GWT GWT G.W. Nearest Remarks

(+1.0m)
Chanaige FGL EGL PTL above top depth depth Depth
from FGL
of Pipe from EGL from FGL m BH
0+401.82 5.362 5.362 1.779 3.583 0.686 0.686 -0.314 T-09 Bend location
0+419.25 5.036 5.036 2.021 3.015 0.360 0.36 -0.640 T-09
0+420.00 5.058 5.058 2.031 3.027 0.382 0.382 -0.618 T-09
0+440.00 5.155 5.155 2.309 2.846 0.479 0.479 -0.521 T-09
0+460.00 5.446 5.446 2.586 2.860 0.770 0.770 -0.230 T-09
5.211 5.211 2.145 3.066 0.535 0.535 -0.465 Average

Hence average values from the above levels are considered for design as listed below:
0+401.82 5.211 5.211 2.145 3.066 0.535 0.535 0.000 average
 STABILITY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF CONCRETE LINE ANCHOR BLOCKS
COMBINED BENDS FROM CH.0+050.28 TO CH.0+401.82 (DN 1200 DI TRANSCO PIPELINE)
BETWEEN IC-17B AND IC-18

1. GENERAL ARRANGEMENT E.G.L / F.G.L

S O I L C O V E R
2.644
0.423
3.694 0.000
GWT
5.244
1.255 2.100

1.550 0.423

0.50

2.400

CROSS SECTION
(All dimensions are in meters.) E.G.L / F.G.L

S O I L C O V E R
5.0
Anchor Block

Pipeline

Shear Key

0.50 4.0 0.50

LONGITUDINAL SECTION
(All dimensions are in meters.)

2. DESIGN INPUT DATA

a. Pipeline Profile
Chainage 0+401.82 Average
Finished Ground Level (E.G.L) 5.211 m design levels
Existing Ground Level (F.G.L) 5.211 m are considered
Pipe Top Level (P.T.L) 2.145 m as per the
Design Ground Water Table Level (G.W.T) 5.211 m attached
calculation

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b. Soil parameters
Reference Bore Hole BH-T-09
3
Bulk Unit weight of soil gs = 19 KN/m
OMC % 17 nearest trial Pit TP-30
3
Saturated Soil Density= gdry*(1+OMC%) gsat = 22.23 kN/m
3
Unit Weight of Water gw = 10 KN/m
3
Submerged Weight of Soil gsub = 12.23 KN/m
Ground Water depth below EGL (W.T) w= 0.000 m Design W.T
(including tidal variations of 1.0 m)

2
Allowable bearing capacity of soil q= 200 KN/m
Angle of Internal friction of soil ф= 36 degree
= 0.628 radians
Coefficient of friction between soil & soil Tan (ф) = 0.727
(in case of shear key provision)
2/3(ф) = 24.00 degree
= 0.419 radians
Coefficient of friction between soil & concrete Tan 2/3(ф) = 0.445
(in case of without shear key provision)

c. Pipeline details
Internal Diameter of Pipe Di = 1.20 m
External Diameter of Pipe De = 1.255 m
Operating Pressure of the Pipeline Po = 17 bar
Design Pressure of the Pipeline Pd = 22 bar
2
= 2200 KN/m
Bend Angle θ= 180 deg. Combined Bends
Force Factor as per PAM Manual f= 1.0000

Standard length of pipe L= 6.00 m

Weight of empty Pipe per meter length W p/m = 5.23 KN/m
Soil cover to Pipe crown cp = 3.066 m

d. Concrete
3
Concrete Density gc = 24 KN/m
2
Specified characteristic strength fcu = 40 N/mm
2
Elastic Modulus Ec = 28,000 N/mm
3
Submerged Weight of Concrete gc' = 14 KN/m

e. Reinforcement (BS4449 Gr 460)

2
Specified Yield Strength fy = 500 N/mm
2
Elastic Modulus Es = 200,000 N/mm
Clear cover to reinforcement c= 75 mm

f. Dimensions of the block

Length of block l= 5.0 m
Width of Block b= 2.40 m
Height of block h= 2.10 m
Width of Shear Key bk = 0.5 m
Depth of Shear Key hk = 0.5 m
Soil cover above block cb = 2.644 m
No. of Blocks assumed at each side of bend n= 7 no.
Lever Arm for Thrust force about Shear key / bottom x= 1.55 m

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g. Factor of Safety for Stability conditions
Factor of Safety against Sliding = 1.4
Factor of Safety against Overturning = 1.5
Factor of Safety against Floatation = 1.4

3. WEIGHT CALCULATIONS
2
Internal x-sectional area of Pipe Ai = 1.131 m
2
External x-sectional area of Pipe Ae = 1.237 m
Total Thrust Force due to bend T= 2721.45 KN T = P*A*f
2
Area of Block A= 12.00 m
Section Modulus of Block Z= 10.00 m3
Thrust force per block T/n = 388.78 KN
3
Volume of Concrete Block Vb = 25.20 m
3
Volume of Shear Key Vk = 1.80 m
3
Volume of Soil mass above block Vs = 31.72 m
3
Deduction for Volume of Pipe opening (-) Vo = -6.19 m

Weight of each Concrete Block Wb = 604.80 KN

Weight of Shear Key for each concrete block Wk = 43.20 KN
Weight of overburden Soil above each concrete block Ws = 705.23 KN
Weight of Empty Pipe inside each block Wp = 31.38 KN
Weight of Water inside the pipe of each block Ww = 67.86 KN
Deduction for Weight of Pipe opening (-) Wo = -148.44 KN
Weight of Confined soil between shear key of block W cs = 106.70 KN
Total Weight of each Line Anchor block (Dry) Pd = 1292.76 KN
Total Weight of each Line Anchor block (Saturated) Psa = 1410.73 KN
Weight deduction due to Water table uplift (-) Wu = -629.24 KN
Nett. Weight of each Line Anchor Block (Submerged) Ps = 781.49 KN

4. STABILITY CHECKS

Check for Sliding

Active soil coefficient Ka = 0.260
Passive soil coefficient Kp = 3.85

Active soil pressure force calculation

2
Active soil pressure at top of block P1a= 8.39 KN/m
2
Active soil pressure at the top of pipe P2a= 9.74 KN/m
2
Active soil pressure at bottom of pipe P3a= 13.72 KN/m
2
Active soil pressure at top of shear key P4a= 15.06 KN/m
2
Active soil pressure at bottom of shear key P5a= 16.65 KN/m

3 of 6
Active soil force from top of block to top of pipe / meter width a1= 3.83 KN/m
Active soil force from top of pipe to bottom of pipe / meter width a2= 14.72 KN/m
Active soil force from bottom of pipe to top of shear key / meter width a3= 6.08 KN/m
Active soil force from top of shear key to bottom of shear key / meter width a4= 7.93 KN/m

At the area left and right of the pipe opening:

100% Active soil force from top of block to top of pipe a1= 4.385 KN Unit width =(2.4-
100% Active soil force from top of pipe to bottom of pipe a2= 16.85 KN
1.255) = 1.145
100% Active soil force from bottom of pipe to top of shear key a3= 6.96 KN
100% Active soil force from top of shear key to bottom of shear key a4= 9.08 KN m
At the area top and bottom of the pipe opening:
100% Active soil force from top of block to top of pipe a1= 4.81 KN
0% Active soil force from top of pipe to bottom of pipe a2= 0.00 KN
100% Active soil force from bottom of pipe to top of shear key a3= 7.63 KN
100% Active soil force from top of shear key to bottom of shear key a4= 9.95 KN

Total active soil force = 59.66 KN

Passive soil pressure force calculation

2
Passive soil pressure at top of block P1p= 124.54 KN/m
Passive soil pressure at the top of pipe P2p= 144.44 KN/m2
Passive soil pressure at bottom of pipe P3p= 203.56 KN/m2
Passive soil pressure at top of shear key P4p= 223.47 KN/m2
2
Passive soil pressure at bottom of shear key P5p= 247.02 KN/m

Passive soil force from top of block to top of pipe / meter width p1= 56.82 KN/m
Passive soil force from top of pipe to bottom of pipe / meter width p2= 218.37 KN/m
Passive soil force from bottom of pipe to top of shear key / meter width p3= 90.21 KN/m
Passive soil force from top of shear key to bottom of shear key / meter width p4= 117.62 KN/m

At the area left and right of the pipe opening:

100% Passive soil force from top of block to top of pipe p1= 65.06 KN Unit width =(2.4-
100% Passive soil force from top of pipe to bottom of pipe p2= 250.04 KN
1.255) = 1.145
100% Passive soil force from bottom of pipe to top of shear key p3= 103.29 KN
100% Passive soil force from top of shear key to bottom of shear key p4= 134.68 KN m
At the area top and bottom of the pipe opening:
100% Passive soil force from top of block to top of pipe p1= 71.31 KN
0% Passive soil force from top of pipe to bottom of pipe p2= 0.00 KN
100% Passive soil force from bottom of pipe to bottom of shear key p3= 113.21 KN
100% Passive soil force from bottom of pipe to bottom of shear key p4= 147.62 KN

Total Passive soil force = 885.21 KN

Total Sliding force (Thrust force + Active Force) FS = 2781.11 KN

No. of Block n= 7 no.
Sliding Force / Block FS/n = 397.30 KN
Frictional Resisiting Force per block FR = 567.79 KN
Passive force / Block = 126.46 KN
Total Resisting Force per block = 694.24 KN
Factor of Safety F.O.S = 1.75 OK

4 of 6
Additional check for sliding
I) Factor of Safety Required 1.4
Active Force = Thrust force (operating pressure) + Active soil force
Resisting Force =100% Frictional force +50% passive up to top of shear key +100% passive from shear key top to shear key bottom
Operating Pressure = 17.00 bar
Pressure in SI units = 1700.00 kN/m 2
Total thrust force due to bend = 2102.94 kN
100% active soil force = 59.66 KN

Total sliding force = 2162.60 KN

Total sliding force per block = 308.94 KN

100% Frictional force per block = 567.79 KN

50% of Passive up to top of shear key = 301.46 KN
50% of Passive up to top of shear key per block = 43.07 KN
100% of Passive from top of shear key to bottom of shear key = 282.29 KN
100% of Passive from top of shear key to bottom of shear key
per block = 40.33 KN

Total Resisting Force per block = 651.18 KN

Factor of Safety F.O.S = 2.11 OK

II) Factor of Safety Required 1.2

Active Force = Thrust force (hydraulic testing pressure) + Active soil force
Resisting Force =100% Frictional force +50% passive up to top of shear key +100% passive from shear key top to shear key bottom
Hydraulic Testing Pressure = 22.00 bar
2
Pressure in SI units = 2200.00 kN/m
Total thrust force due to bend = 2721.45 kN
100% active soil force = 59.66 KN

Total sliding force = 2781.11 KN

Total sliding force per block = 397.30 KN

Total Resisting Force per block = 651.18 KN

Factor of Safety F.O.S = 1.64 OK

III) Factor of Safety Required 1.1

Active Force = Thrust force (operating pressure) + Active soil force
Resisting Force =100% Frictional force +0% passive up to top of shear key +100% passive from shear key top to shear key bottom
Operating Pressure = 17.00 bar
Total sliding force = 2162.60 KN
Total sliding force per block = 308.94 KN

100% Frictional force per block = 567.79 KN

0% of Passive up to top of shear key = 0.00 KN
0% of Passive up to top of shear key per block = 0.00 KN
100% of Passive from top of shear key to bottom of shear key = 282.29 KN
100% of Passive from top of shear key to bottom of shear key
per block = 40.33 KN

Total Resisting Force per block = 608.11 KN

Factor of Safety F.O.S = 1.97 OK

IV) Factor of Safety Required 1.05

Active Force = Thrust force (hydraulic testing pressure) + Active soil force
Resisting Force =100% Frictional force +0% passive up to top of shear key +100% passive from shear key top to shear key bottom
Hydraulic Testing Pressure = 22.00 bar

Total sliding force = 2781.11 KN

Total sliding force per block = 397.30 KN
Total Resisting Force per block = 608.11 KN

Factor of Safety F.O.S = 1.53 OK

5 of 6
Check for Overturning
Lever Arm for Overturning Moment x= 1.55 m
Overturning Moment about Shear Key / per block MO = 602.61 KNm
Resisting Moment about Shear Key / per block MR = 1953.72 KNm
Factor of Safety F.O.S = 3.24 OK

Check for Max. Base Pressure Dry case critical

Moment at the base of block due to thrust force M= 602.61 KNm
2
Base Pressure due to Vertical forces P/A = 107.73 KN/m
2
Variation due to moment M/Z = 60.26 KN/m
Maximum Base Pressure Pmax = 167.99 OK
Minimum Base Pressure Pmin = 47.47 OK

Check for Max. Base Pressure at Wet Condition Wet case

Moment at the base of block due to thrust force M= 602.61 KNm
2
Base Pressure due to Vertical forces Ps /A = 65.12 KN/m
2
Variation due to moment M/Z = 60.26 KN/m
Maximum Base Pressure Pmax = 125.38 OK
Minimum Base Pressure Pmin = 4.86 OK

Check for Floatation

Total Uplift force per block FU = 629.24 KN
Resisiting Force per block FR = 1410.73 KN
Factor of Safety F.O.S = 2.24 OK

5. REINFORCEMENT CALCULATIONS

As per clause 3.9.4.19 of BS 8110-1:1997, Minimum reinforcement required in each

direction to control cracking due to thermal & hydration shrinkage shall be as follows:
a) for grade 460 : 0.25 % of the concrete cross-sectional area;
b) for grade 250 : 0.30 % of the concrete cross-sectional area.
2
Concrete cross-sectional Area Ac = 3.80 m
2
Total area of steel required in each direction At = 9507.45 mm
2
Area of steel required in each direction & at each face Atreq = 1056.38 mm /m
Dia of bar used Ф= 12 mm
No. of bars required N= 9.33
Bar spacing required sreq = 107.14 mm

Bar spacing provided spro = 100 mm

Provide the reinforcement in each direction & at each face as T12-100 c/c
2
Area of steel provided in each direction & at each face Atprov = 1130.97 mm /m OK

6. QUANTITY ESTIMATES
3
Net Volume of Concrete / per Block 20.81 m
3
Volume of Concrete for Line Anchor on each side 145.70 m
3
Total Volume of Concrete for bend 291.41 m

6 of 6