MHK Comp Spe Ep Cor 0102

COMPANY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Validity: 3 Years
Specifications : DESIGN OF CATHODIC PROTECTION
OF SUBMARINE PIPELINES BY GALVANIC ANODES
Expired Date: 02/08/2021
Rev: 00 Page 1 of 13 MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0102 Prev No: GS EP COR 102
GENERAL SPECIFICATION CORROSION
GS EP COR 102
Uncontrolled Paper Copy | CMS | 09/03/2019 08:40 AM
L0260475 - Rachmad SUGIHARTO
DESIGN OF CATHODIC PROTECTION OF SUBMARINE PIPELINES BY

GALVANIC ANODES
00 08/2018 Rebranding for PHM

Rev. Date Purpose of the revision
Owning entity: RPE/COR Managing entity: RPE
This document is the property of PT PERTAMINA HULU MAHAKAM. It must not be stored, reproduced or disclosed to others without written authorisation from the
PT PERTAMINA HULU MAHAKAM. Paper copies are uncontrolled.
Validity: 3 Years
Specifications : DESIGN OF CATHODIC PROTECTION OF
SUBMARINE PIPELINES BY GALVANIC ANODES
DIGITAL SIGNATURE SECTION
No Role Name Position Entity Date

1 Drafter Made-Emmy CORROSION REFERENCE RPE 01-08-2018
PRAMITADEWI SPECIALIST I 11:23 AM
2 Reviewer Kentus WIKANTIYOSO PERF. EVAL. & MTH. RPE 01-08-2018
PLANNING COORDINATOR 01:07 PM
3 Approver Suryani SURYANI HEAD OF TECH. REF. & RPE 01-08-2018
PERF. EVAL. DIV. 01:34 PM
4 Authorizer Anto SUNARYANTO EXEC. VP OF OPR. & EK EVP 02-08-2018
DISTRICT MGR. 06:13 PM
Validity: 3 Years
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Scope ....................................................................................................................... 4
2. Reference documents ............................................................................................ 4
3. Amendment to ISO 15589-2 ................................................................................... 5
4. Additional requirements to ISO 15589-2 ..............................................................11

4.1 Resistivity of seawater .................................................................................................. 11
4.2 Pipeline without coating at girth-weld joints ................................................................... 11

4.3 Specific monitoring at spot location ............................................................................... 12
5. Tasks during project phases and deliverables ...................................................12
Appendix 1 Coating breakdown factors to be applied on coated pipelines ...........13
Validity: 3 Years
1. Scope
The aim of the present Company specification is to define the hypotheses, calculation methods, and
materials to be used for the design of cathodic protection systems for submarine pipelines using
sacrificial anodes.
Unless otherwise stated, all the requirements of ISO 15589-2 shall be applicable. As a complement,
requirements of EN 12474, DNV-RP-F103 and NACE SP 0169 are applicable when they are not in
conflict with the present General Specification and ISO 15589-2 (2012 Edition).
Cathodic protection of conventional risers are included in the cathodic protection design calculation of
the supporting jacket, as specified in GS EP COR 100.
Cathodic protection of SCRs (Steel Catenary Risers) are be included in the cathodic protection design
of the associated pipeline in accordance with present General Specification.
2. Reference documents
The reference documents listed below form an integral part of this General Specification.
EXTERNAL DOCUMENTS
Unless otherwise stipulated, the applicable version of these documents, including relevant
appendices and addendums, is the latest revision published at the effective date of this document.
Reference Title
DNV-RP-B401 Cathodic protection design
DNV-RP-F103 Cathodic protection of submarine pipelines by galvanic anodes
EN 12474 Cathodic protection for submarine pipelines
ISO 15589-2 2012 Edition - Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries -
Cathodic protection of pipeline transportation systems - Part 2
Offshore pipelines
NACE SP 0169 Control of external corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic
Piping Systems
PHM GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

Unless otherwise stipulated, the applicable version of these documents, including relevant
appendices and addendums, is the latest revision published.
PHM No. Prev No. Title

MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0100 GS EP COR 100 Cathodic protection of offshore structures
MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0103 GS EP COR 103 Cathodic protection of offshore floating
structures
MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0110 GS EP COR 110 External cathodic protection of onshore
structures
MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0201 GS EP COR 201 Galvanic anodes
MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0401 GS EP COR 401 Installation of anodes on submerged pipelines
Validity: 3 Years
PHM No. Prev No. Title

MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0420 GS EP COR 420 External field joint coatings of pipelines
MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0502 GS EP COR 502 Control by electrical measurements of cathodic
protection of submerged pipelines
MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-EXP-0311 GS EP EXP 311 Plant integrity - Minimum inspection
requirements
MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-PLR-0425 GS EP PLR 425 Site welding of carbon steel pipelines (sweet
and sour service, onshore and offshore)
according to API STD 1104
MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-PLR-0426 GS EP PLR 426 Site welding of carbon steel and CRA pipelines
(sweet and sour service, onshore and offshore)
according to DNV-OS-F101
3. Amendment to ISO 15589-2

The following chapters of the ISO 15589-2 are modified in accordance with the comments here after.
§ 1 Scope
Amended section
The design, production, quality and inspection of anodes are covered by GS EP COR 201.
The installation of bracelet galvanic anodes on submarine pipelines is covered by
GS EP COR 401.
The inspection and measurements regarding the cathodic protection of submarine pipelines is
covered by GS EP COR 502.
§ 5.1 Competence assurance

Additional information
Design of cathodic protection systems for submarine pipelines are the responsibility of competent
and specialized personnel. The qualification of each of the specialists working for such a design is
documented by Contractor to Company before commencement of the work. The verification of the
formal Certification of the individuals shall comply with the following requirements:
 Conventional design work to be carried out by certified personnel at level 3 for NACE
International and level 2 for all other certification schemes,
 Complex design work or verification to be carried out by certified personnel at level 4 for NACE
International and level 3 for all other certification schemes.
“Conventional” means that the usual design rules apply and are sufficient, whereas “complex”
means that such rules are not sufficient and that the design requires to go further (like for instance
to do modeling).
Apart from NACE International, the other accepted certification schemes are CEFRACOR
Competence (Seawater Application Sector) and APCE (Seawater Application Sector).
Validity: 3 Years
§ 6.1 General
Amended section
Submerged pipelines are protected using a cathodic protection system which is designed
independently of the systems used to protect other structures or facilities to which they are
connected.
For initial design, no retrofit to be implemented during forecasted lifetime of the pipeline shall be
considered.
§ 6.2 Selection of CP systems

Amended section
The use of anodes sleds shall be reserved to specific cases or retrofit systems.
Any Impressed Current CP system which is proposed for the protection of any new pipeline shall
be evaluated as per the considerations of § 6.2.2 of ISO 15589-2.

§ 6.3 Isolating joints

Amended section
No electrical insulation is usually required between the sealine and the structures, except:
 Where different protection systems (cathodic protection by impressed current versus cathodic
protection by sacrificial anodes) are used for the sealine and the onshore or offshore
installations.
 Where the sealine is connected to third party installations.
§ 7.1 General
Cathodic protection of conventional risers are included in the cathodic protection design calculation
of the supporting jacket as specified in GS EP COR 100 or floating structure as specified in
GS EP COR 103.
Cathodic protection of SCRs (Steel Catenary Risers) are included in the cathodic protection design
of the associated pipelines in accordance with this document.
§ 7.2.1 Potential criteria

For onshore sections at end of submarine pipelines, the protection criteria is defined in the
GS EP COR 110.
Validity: 3 Years
§ 7.4.1 General
Amended section
This paragraph is completely amended as follows:
The current densities (initial, mean and final) to be used for design for bare carbon steel or
stainless steel pipelines shall be as per DNV-RP-B401 according to the climate region and the
depth.
Addition information
Anode design shall fulfill both the total anode weight requirement (based on the mean current
density) and the final current output requirements (or initial for bare pipe or pipe with bare areas).
In order to minimize anode size, the driving parameter for the design should be the anode weight
(mean current requirement).
§ 7.4.3 Buried pipelines

Amended section
For pipeline buried in mud line zone (definition is given in GS EP COR 100) or artificially covered
(i.e. rock dumping), the current density shall be considered as similar to the immersed zone.
For pipelines fully buried below the mud line zone, a design current density (initial/final and
average) of 20 mA/m² shall be considered irrespectively of geographical location and depth.
§ 7.4.4 Elevated temperature

For pipelines operating at high temperature, the maximum temperature variation considered for the
different sections is 25°C.
§ 7.4.5 Current drains

Amended section
No current drain is expected to be taken into account in the design of the cathodic protection of
submarine pipelines as long as the subsea facilities (structures, wellhead, manifold, etc.) on which
submarine pipelines are connected, have their own cathodic protection system.
For steel armoring of flexible pipelines or umbilicals, a current drain of 0.5 mA/m² of the external
surface shall be applied.
§ 7.5 Coating breakdown factors

Amended section
fc can be expressed as: fc = a + b . t
where: t is the coating age (in years)
a and b are constants that are dependent on the coating properties.
The coefficients a and b to be used are given in the table of 0 of this specification.
Validity: 3 Years
Note: Coating breakdown factor values given in the ISO 15589-2 or other standards like DNV-
RP-F103 shall not be used.
For sections coated with GRE or elastomers, the coating breakdown factor given in
GS EP COR 100 shall apply.
§ 8.1 Design of system

Amended section
For coated pipelines there shall be minimum six anodes per kilometer plus one additional anode at
each extremity of submarine pipelines.
For pipelines with thick coating systems (above 10 mm) (the maximum distance between anodes
can be extended up to 300 m. This does not apply to concrete coating.
For flexible pipes, for which anodes cannot be installed along the line, the maximum distance
without anode is up to 1500 m, providing anodes are installed both on the connected subsea
structure and the surface structure, with adequate number of anodes considered for the specific
protection of the flexible pipe.
For specific complex cases for which above rules cannot be fulfilled (Steel Catenary Risers, very
long flexible pipes etc.), or for which CP efficiency cannot be ensured (underneath vortex breakers,
GRP cover etc.), CP modeling by software approved by Company shall be used to check CP
design. All input parameters (especially polarization curve) shall be approved by Company before
performing the modeling. For such cases, specific monitoring shall be studied in order to check the
potential during commissioning (see § 4.3).
The potentials attenuation calculations by use of analytical formulae are not accepted whatever the
situation.
§ 8.2 Selection of anode material

Amended section
Anode materials can be based on aluminum or zinc. For service temperatures over 50°C
aluminum based alloys or specific zinc alloy anode for high temperature shall be selected. The
selected anode material is given in GS EP COR 201.
§ 8.3 Electrochemical properties

Amended section
The practical electrochemical capacity for design is given in the GS EP COR 201.
§ 8.4 Anode shape and dimension

Amended section
The utilization factor (u) for the half shell bracelet anode is: u = 0.85
The utilization factor (u) for the segmented bracelet anode is: u = 0.75
A minimum anode thickness shall be used for each bracelet anode size as per Table 1.
Validity: 3 Years
Table 1 - Minimum anode thickness for bracelet anodes

Anode ID (mm) Anode length (mm) Minimum thickness (mm)
0-200 < 400 30
0-200 400-600 40
0-200 > 600 45
200-500 < 300 35
200-500 300-600 40
200-500 > 600 45
500-700 < 300 40
500-700 300-600 45
500-700 > 600 50
> 700 50
§ 8.5 Mechanical and electrical considerations

Amended section
For weight coated pipelines, the anode outside diameter shall be such that is equivalent to the
concrete weight coated pipeline outside diameter, or maximum 10 mm less.
Additional information regarding mechanical and electrical considerations is given in
GS EP COR 201 and GS EP COR 401.
§ 9 Galvanic anode manufacturing

Amended section
All requirements of the GS EP COR 201 apply.
§ 10 Galvanic anode quality control

Amended section
All requirements of the GS EP COR 201 apply.
§ 11 Galvanic anode installation

Amended section
All requirements of GS EP COR 401 apply.
Insulating half-shells (composite or equivalent material) can be installed between the anodes and
the sealine in order to limit the temperature of the anode. The thickness of such half shells shall be
defined by Contractor which determine the relevant temperature of the anode.
Note: An alternative solution to avoid high temperature on anodes in shallow waters (typically
below 100 m) is to install the anodes on a sled few meters away from the sealine.
Validity: 3 Years
§ 12 Impressed-current CP systems
Amended section
This specification does not cover the cathodic protection of submarine pipelines by impressed
current systems.
§ 13.2 Commissioning procedures

The verification of the cathodic protection system efficiency after installation of the sealine shall be
performed by the Contractor within 6 months (1 year maximum) after laying.
The chosen verification method is described in GS EP COR 502.
§ 14 Operation, monitoring and maintenance of CP systems

Amended section
Recommendations regarding the monitoring and inspection of submarine pipelines protection by
sacrificial anodes are given in the GS EP COR 502 and GS EP EXP 311.
§ 14.2 Monitoring plan

Amended section
Recommendations regarding the monitoring and inspection of submarine pipelines protection by
sacrificial anodes are given in the GS EP COR 502 and GS EP EXP 311.
§ 14.3 Repair
Amended section
In case the cathodic protection system does not provide satisfactory protection, a meeting is
organized with Company specialists to evaluate the possible solutions to correct this situation.
§ Annex A - A.7
Amended section
For determining the end-of-life resistance of bracelet anodes, the DNV-RP-B401 applies. The end-
of-life resistance of bracelet anodes is then determined using as final area of the anode, the
exposed area assumed to be equivalent to the initial area facing the surface to be protected.
§ Annex A - A.8
Amended section
Equations for calculating the resistance of anodes are given in the DNV-RP-B401, Annex A, Table
10-7.
Seawater resistivity for CP design are given in § 4.2 of this specification.
Validity: 3 Years
§ Annex B - Attenuation of protection

Amended section
As mentioned here-above (see amended section - § 8.1 of this document), the use of potentials
attenuation calculations analytical formulae are not accepted whatever the situation.
§ Annex C - Performance testing of galvanic anode materials

Amended section
Tests regarding the anodic material are described in GS EP COR 201 which refers to
DNV-RP-B401.
§ Annex D - CP monitoring and surveys

Amended section
GS EP COR 502 and GS EP EXP 311 apply.

§ Annex E - Laboratory testing of galvanic anodes for quality control

Tests regarding the anodic material are described in GS EP COR 201 which refers to
DNV-RP-B401.
4. Additional requirements to ISO 15589-2

4.1 Resistivity of seawater
The resistivity of seawater as a function of geographic location is given in Table 2. For other locations,
the cathodic protection design are based on resistivity measurements at the location of interest.
Table 2 - Mean resistivity of seawater
Geographic
Indonesia
area
Resistivity
0.19
(Ω.m)
When the submarine pipeline is buried in mud, and in the absence of documented values, an average
resistivity of 1 .m will be considered.
4.2 Pipeline without coating at girth-weld joints

In very specific cases such as water injection or gas pipelines (providing that no risk of Top of Line
Corrosion), there is a possibility not to install field joint coatings at girth welds.
In such conditions, the pipeline current requirement is calculated taking into account:
 The total bare steel surface area of all weld joints on the full length of the pipeline,
 The coating breakdown for the full length of the pipeline (with deduction of the bare joints
surface areas).
Validity: 3 Years
Notes: The coating breakdown factor to be considered for the CP design is determined according to
the plant coating, but also the field joint coating when the pipeline is assembled with double-
joints or quad-joints.
For pipelines for which each joint is left bare, the coating breakdown factor is the one
associated to the best coating (HSS for bituminous, PE or PP reconstituted for 3LPE or
3LPP, FBE for FBE plant coating) according to 0.
Then, the same rule for CP design calculations apply. The only change regards the shape of the
bracelet anodes which will be adapted so that the anode is able to deliver an initial current 50%
higher than the one required for the polarization of the pipeline.
The spacing between anodes shall be:
 Limited to 144 m (12 tubes) with quad-joints, which means that one anode will normally protect
up to 3 bare field joints,
 Limited to 120 m (10 tubes) with double-joints, which means that one anode will normally
protect up to 5 bare field joints,

 Limited to 72 m (6 tubes) when each joint is bare, which means that one anode will normally
protect up to 6 bare field joints.
4.3 Specific monitoring at spot location

In order to lighten the CP survey during commissioning and further inspections, the following
approach in term of CP monitoring is acceptable:
 Direct stab measurements on pipelines (cathode) at every 5 km maximum at mid distance
between two consecutive anodes,
 Measurements not directly on the pipeline itself but on steel coupons connected to the pipe,
which simulate coating defects. Size of such coupon to be 100x100 mm. The welders and
welding procedures shall be qualified as per GS EP PLR 425 and GS EP PLR 426 according to
the applicable pipeline code.
Similarly, when distance between anodes is above 300 m for specific reasons and when the pipeline
is accessible, similar coupon shall be installed at representative locations between two anodes.
In case the pipeline is not accessible (buried, rock dumped, under GRP cover etc.), specific deported
monitoring shall be installed to allow reliable CP measurements at regular interval (5 km maximum).
Such monitoring could be for instance:
 Coupon plate embedded in a concrete mattress on the seabed, which can be stabbed with a
standard ROV contact probe. Those coupons are connected to the pipeline during installation
via cables and clamps.
 Coupon plate as described here above, plus additional permanent reference electrode fitted to
the clamp. The electrode is hard wired to a solar powered readout attached to a stabilizing
concrete mattress. The readout is powered by the lights and read on the cameras aboard the
inspection vehicle (ROV). With such solution no stab is required. For AUV measurement, the
readout should be attached preferably to a deported buoyancy. In any case, such remote
monitoring shall be design for the whole lifetime of the pipeline without forecasted maintenance
(no battery thus).
5. Tasks during project phases and deliverables

Chapter 5 of GS EP COR 100 applies.
Validity: 3 Years

Appendix 1
Appendix 1 Coating breakdown factors to be applied on coated

pipelines
Field joint according to

Plant coating Concrete Infill a b
GS EP COR 420
No 0,045 0,0024
Bituminous Yes Tapes (1A or 1B or 1C)
Yes 0,036 0,0018
Tapes (5E or 1E-a) NA 0,027 0,0018
Liquid epoxy or PU or
No NA 0,015 0,0015
FBE (3A or 4A or 4B)
PE Reconstituted (5D) NA 0,009 0,0012
No 0,018 0,0012
3LPE Tapes (5E or 1E-a)

Yes 0,009 0,0012
Liquid epoxy or PU or No 0,013 0,0009
Yes
FBE (3A or 4A or 4B) Yes 0,007 0,0008
No 0,009 0,0006
PE Reconstituted (5D)
Yes 0,0045 0,0003
Tapes (5B or 1E-a) NA 0,027 0,0012
Liquid epoxy or PU or
NA 0,015 0,0009
No FBE (3A or 4A or 4B)
PP Reconstituted
NA 0,009 0,0006
(5A or 5C)
3LPP No 0,018 0,0012

Tapes (5B or 1E-a)
Yes 0,009 0,0012
Yes
FBE (3A or 4A or 4B) Yes 0,008 0,0007
PP Reconstituted No 0,009 0,0006
(5A or 5C) Yes 0,0045 0,0003
Tapes (1E-a) NA 0,045 0,006
No Liquid epoxy or PU or
NA 0,018 0,006
FBE (3A or 4A or 4B)
FBE or DLFBE No 0,036 0,0024
Tapes (1E-A)
Yes 0,027 0,0018
Yes
FBE (3A or 4A or 4B) Yes 0,009 0,0018
Thermal insulation 0,002 0,0001
NA = Not Applicable

MHK Comp Spe Ep Cor 0102

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

MHK Comp Spe Ep Cor 0102

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

COMPANY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Rev: 00 Page 1 of 13 MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0102 Prev No: GS EP COR 102

GENERAL SPECIFICATION CORROSION

DESIGN OF CATHODIC PROTECTION OF SUBMARINE PIPELINES BY

00 08/2018 Rebranding for PHM

Owning entity: RPE/COR Managing entity: RPE

Rev: 00 Page 2 of 13 MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0102 Prev No: GS EP COR 102

DIGITAL SIGNATURE SECTION

No Role Name Position Entity Date

Rev: 00 Page 3 of 13 MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0102 Prev No: GS EP COR 102

2. Reference documents ............................................................................................ 4

3. Amendment to ISO 15589-2 ................................................................................... 5

4. Additional requirements to ISO 15589-2 ..............................................................11

4.2 Pipeline without coating at girth-weld joints ................................................................... 11

5. Tasks during project phases and deliverables ...................................................12

Appendix 1 Coating breakdown factors to be applied on coated pipelines ...........13

Rev: 00 Page 4 of 13 MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0102 Prev No: GS EP COR 102

PHM GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

PHM No. Prev No. Title

Rev: 00 Page 5 of 13 MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0102 Prev No: GS EP COR 102

PHM No. Prev No. Title

3. Amendment to ISO 15589-2

§ 5.1 Competence assurance

Rev: 00 Page 6 of 13 MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0102 Prev No: GS EP COR 102

§ 6.2 Selection of CP systems

be evaluated as per the considerations of § 6.2.2 of ISO 15589-2.

§ 6.3 Isolating joints

§ 7.2.1 Potential criteria

Rev: 00 Page 7 of 13 MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0102 Prev No: GS EP COR 102

§ 7.4.3 Buried pipelines

§ 7.4.4 Elevated temperature

§ 7.4.5 Current drains

§ 7.5 Coating breakdown factors

Rev: 00 Page 8 of 13 MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0102 Prev No: GS EP COR 102

§ 8.1 Design of system

§ 8.2 Selection of anode material

§ 8.3 Electrochemical properties

§ 8.4 Anode shape and dimension

Rev: 00 Page 9 of 13 MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0102 Prev No: GS EP COR 102

Table 1 - Minimum anode thickness for bracelet anodes

§ 8.5 Mechanical and electrical considerations

§ 9 Galvanic anode manufacturing

§ 10 Galvanic anode quality control

§ 11 Galvanic anode installation

Rev: 00 Page 10 of 13 MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0102 Prev No: GS EP COR 102

§ 13.2 Commissioning procedures

§ 14 Operation, monitoring and maintenance of CP systems

§ 14.2 Monitoring plan

Rev: 00 Page 11 of 13 MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0102 Prev No: GS EP COR 102

§ Annex B - Attenuation of protection

§ Annex C - Performance testing of galvanic anode materials

§ Annex D - CP monitoring and surveys

GS EP COR 502 and GS EP EXP 311 apply.

§ Annex E - Laboratory testing of galvanic anodes for quality control

4. Additional requirements to ISO 15589-2

4.2 Pipeline without coating at girth-weld joints

Rev: 00 Page 12 of 13 MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0102 Prev No: GS EP COR 102

protect up to 5 bare field joints,

protect up to 6 bare field joints.

4.3 Specific monitoring at spot location

5. Tasks during project phases and deliverables

Rev: 00 Page 13 of 13 MHK-COMP-SPE-EP-COR-0102 Prev No: GS EP COR 102

Appendix 1 Coating breakdown factors to be applied on coated