Science - it deals with learning new facts
(discoveries)and solving problems (scientific
method).
Technology - (1) it deals with creating and
inventing things that fulfill our needs and desires
or perform certain functions; (2) is the application
of understanding of natural laws to the solution of
practical problems.
Ancient Times
STS in the ancient times has a big impact
in the science and technology of today.
(3) Ages of Ancient Times:
1. Stone Age - all humans were
hunter-gatherers, a lifestyle
which involved limited use of
tools.
 Fire
 Stone tools and weapons
 Clothing
2. Bronze Age - after the Neolithic
Revolution which drawn radical
changes in agricultural
technology, animal
domestication and permanent
settlements.
3. Iron Age - involved the adoption
of iron smelting technology
which replaced bronze.
Middle Ages
Many historians and scientists regard the
Western Europe, after the fall of the
Roman Empire, as completely devoid of
interest, a barren wilderness in the
history of science.
Dark Ages
Modern World
By the beginning of the twentieth
century, the idea of progress was closely
linked with technological development,
and that linkage intensified in the
following decades.
Scientific Revolution - was the period of
enlightenment when the developments in the
fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy,
biology and chemistry transformed the views of
society about nature.
Nicolaus Copernicus - (1) one of the
Renaissance men, particularly in the field of
science; (2) ideas were an example of what is
presently called as a thought experiment.
Charles Darwin - (1) changed our concept of the
world’s creation and its evolution; (2) studied at
Shrewsbury School.
Copernican Revolution - (1) is named for
Nicolaus Copernicus who’s Commentariolus,
written before 1514, was the first explicit
presentation of the heliocentric model in
Renaissance scholarship; (2) changed the way the
world viewed its place in the universe.
Heliocentric Model - Earth revolved around the
sun.
Darwinian Revolution - is generally taken to be
one of the key event in the history of Western
science.
Sigmund Freud - (1) is a famous figure in the
field of psychology; (2) is not a traditional
thinker.
Psychoanalysis - is a scientific way to study the
human mind and neurotic illness.
Unorthodox - focusing on human sexuality and
the evil nature of man.
Meso-american Revolution
Mesoamerica - (1) includes the entire
area of Central America from Southern
Mexico up to the border of South
America; (2) is a significant region of
agricultural development.
 Potatoes
 Corn
Mesoamerican Region - is rich in
culture and knowledge prior to the arrival
of its European colonizers.
Maya Civilization - is one of the famous
civilization that lasted for approximately
2, 000 years.
Neolithic Revolution - (1) is the most
important era in human history; (2) it is
also called the Agricultural Revolution.
Freudian Revolution
He was born on May 6, 1856.
He was an Austrian neurologist and the
founder of psychoanalysis.
Psychosexual Development - one of his
most famous theories.
(5) Stages of Psychosexual:
1. Oral Stage (Birth - 18 Months) -
child becomes focused on oral
pleasures such as sucking.
2. Anal Stage (18 Months - 3
years) - focus of pleasure here is
on eliminating and retaining
 feces and learning to control this
due to societal norms.
3. Phallic Stage (Ages 3 - 6 years)
- child’s pleasure move to the
genitals.
a. Oedipus Complex -
boys develop an
unconscious sexual
desire for their mothers
and fear that because of
this fathers will punish
them by castration.
b. Electra Complex - for
girls.
4. Latency Stage (Ages 6 -
Puberty) - sexual urges remain
largely repressed at this stage.
5. Genital Stage (Puberty
Onwards) - final stage leads to
the individual switching their
interest to members of the
opposite sex.