ITP

SARVAJANIK EDUCTION SOCIETY
SARVAJANIK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

SURAT AFFILIATED WITH
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
AHMEDABAD
P.G. CENTER IN
Faculty of CIVIL ENGINEERING
Graduate Report on
“Storm Water Collection”
In the partial fulfilment of requirement for the award of degree

MASTER OF ENGINEERING TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING-1
SEMESTER -1
Under the subject of
Infrastructure and Transportation Planning (3714803)
Prepared by:
Ajay R. Patel
Enrollment no: 190420748016
M.E(TCP) - 1, Semester -1
Under the Guidance of
Prof. Zarana H. Gandhi
Prof. Palak S. Shah
SARVAJANIK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
SURAT
(2019-20)
Certificate
This is to certify that Graduate Report entitled “storm water collection”

is presented and report is submitted by AJAY R. PATEL of First partial
fulfillment of requirement for the degree of MASTER OF
ENGINEERING IN TOWN & COUNTRY PLANNING of Sarvajanik
College of Engineering and Technology, Surat during the academic year
2019 - 20
Prof. Zarana H. Gandhi Prof. Palak S. shah Prof. (Dr.) Pratima A. Patel
Ad- Hoc Assistant Ad- Hoc Assistant Professor & Head
Professor Professor
FCE, SCET FCE, SCET FCE, SCET
External Examiner
Table of Contents
1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 1
2. Roof water................................................................................................................................................................. 2
2.1 Green Roof .............................................................................................................................................................. 2
3.Surface water ................................................................................................................................................................. 4
3.1 Porous surfacing options ........................................................................................................................................ 4
3.2 Permeable surfacing options .................................................................................................................................. 6
4. Subsoil drain .................................................................................................................................................................. 9
4.1 Infiltration trenches ................................................................................................................................................ 9
4.2 Bioretention area .................................................................................................................................................. 11
5. Subsoil drain ................................................................................................................................................................ 13
5.1 Retention ponds..................................................................................................................................................... 13
5.2 Soakaways ............................................................................................................................................................. 15
5.3 Infiltration Basin .................................................................................................................................................... 17
6. Case study ................................................................................................................................................................... 20
7.Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................... 24
8. References................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Table of figures
Figure 1: Storm-water (source: americanrivers.org) ........................................................................................................ 1
Figure: 2 Green Roof (Source: moorefrmbsg.org) ............................................................................................................ 2
Figure: 3 Green Roof (Source: susdrain.org) ..................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 4: Pervious Surface (Source: susdrain.org) ............................................................................................................ 4
Figure 5: Granular Material (Source: susdrain.org) .......................................................................................................... 5
Figure 6: Geosynthetic Gravel (Source: susdrain.org) ...................................................................................................... 5
Figure 7: Small Porous Elements (source: susdrain.org)................................................................................................... 5
Figure 9: Continuous-laid porous Material (Source: susdrain.org) ................................................................................... 6
Figure 10: large elemental Surface blocking (Source: susdrain.org) ................................................................................ 6
Figure: 11 Small Elemental Surfacing blocks (Source: susdrain.org) ................................................................................ 7
Figure 12: continuous-laid permeable material (source: susdrain.org) ........................................................................... 7
Figure 13: Infiltration trench (Source: susdrain.org) ........................................................................................................ 9
Figure :14 Bioretention area (Source: susdrain.org)....................................................................................................... 11
Figure 15: Retention Ponds (Source: susdrain.org) ........................................................................................................ 13
Figure 16: Soakaways (Source: susdrain.org) ................................................................................................................. 15
Figure 17: Infiltration Basin (Source: susdrain.org) ........................................................................................................ 17
Figure 18: Study area of Gandhinagar (Source: irjet.net) .............................................................................................. 21
Figure 19: Storm water problem (Source: irjet.net) ....................................................................................................... 21
Figure 20: Sedimentation in storm sewer (Source: irjet.net) ......................................................................................... 22
Figure 21: Existing Drainage Manhole (Source: irjet.net) ............................................................................................... 22
Figure 22: Designed Drainage Manhole (Source: irjet.net) ............................................................................................ 23
Graduate Report on “Storm water collection”
Ajay R. Patel (190420748016) Infrastructure & Transportation Planning
1. Introduction
Stormwater is the water that drains off a land area from rainfall. This includes rain that falls on
rooftops, directed through gutters and downpipes onto land or into drains, as well as rain falling
on ground surface areas such as roads, driveways, footpaths, gardens and lawns.
Rainwater refers only to the rain that falls on the roof, which can be harvested into a storage
tank prior to contact with the ground. Rainwater quality is much higher, since groundwater
generally contains many more contaminants including soil, organic matter, fertilisers from
gardens, oil residues from driveways and the like.
Figure 1: Storm-water (source: americanrivers.org)

Urbanisation leads to increased stormwater volumes and peak flows as vegetation is removed
and soils are compacted or covered by impervious surfaces such as roofing, asphalt and concrete,
which do not absorb water. This water is conveyed quickly and efficiently via underground pipe
networks to streams, rivers and coastal waters.
Human activities, particularly industry and traffic, lead to the build-up of sediments and
contaminants which are eventually washed off during rains, and conveyed via stormwater
networks to receiving environments.
Urban stormwater quality is closely linked to both the quantity and quality of urban sediments.
These sediments can accumulate, particularly in estuaries and harbours, affecting the ecological
health of these water bodies.
ME TOWN AND COUTRY PLANNING Page | 1

2. Roof water
Water collected from the roof of building is called roof water.
In urban area, this is an important source of stormwater and needs to be aware of the size of the
roof, where the building is located (The region will generally indicate the intensity of the rainfall
and location of size of the downpipes.)
2.1 Green Roof
Green roofs comprise a multi-layered system that covers the roof of a building or podium
structure with vegetation cover/landscaping. The roof is likely to consist of an impermeable
layer, a substratum or growing medium and a drainage layer (although not all green roofs require
a drainage layer). Green roofs are designed to intercept and retain precipitation, reducing the
volume of runoff and attenuating peak flows
Figure: 2 Green Roof (Source: moorefrmbsg.org)

Advantages
 Mimic predevelopment state of hydraulics and hydrology.

 Good removal capability of atmospherically deposited urban pollutants.
 Can be applied in high density developments.
 Can be retrofitted (reliant on-site specifics).
 Ecological, aesthetic and amenity benefits.
 No additional land takes.
 Improve air quality.
 Help manage urban heat island impacts.
ME TOWN COUTRY PLANNING

Disadvantages
 Cost (compared to conventional roof).

 Not appropriate for steep roofs.
 Opportunities for retrofitting may be limited by roof structure. (strength, pitch etc)
 Maintenance of roof vegetation.
 Any subsequent damage to waterproof membrane likely to be more critical since water is
encouraged to remain on the roof.
Figure: 3 Green Roof (Source: susdrain.org)

Used of this component
Green roofs are suitable for retrofit or redevelopment projects as well as new building and can
be installed on small garages or large industrial, commercial and municipal buildings. They
effectively utilize the natural functions of plants to filter water and treat air in urban and suburban
landscapes.
Performance
Green roof is medium in peak flow reduction and volume reduction. But it’s good in water quality
treatment, amenity potential and ecology potential.
Maintenances
 Irrigation is needed during establishment of vegetation for some roofs

 Inspection for bare patches and replacement of plants will be required on a regular basis
 Litter removal may be required (depending on setting and use).
3.Surface water
Water that travels over paved or unpaved area is surface water. In this case, you will be
concerned about the types of surface it may be pervious or impervious surface.
Figure 4: Pervious Surface (Source: susdrain.org)

Pervious surfaces can be either porous or permeable. The important distinction between the two
is:
 Porous surfacing is a surface that infiltrates water across the entire surface.
 Permeable surfacing is formed of material that is itself impervious to water but, by
virtue of voids formed through the surface, allows infiltration through the pattern of
voids.
Pervious surfaces provide a surface suitable for pedestrian and/or vehicular traffic, while
allowing rainwater to infiltrate through the surface and into underlying layers. The water can be
temporarily stored before infiltration to the ground, reused, or discharged to a watercourse or
other drainage system. Surfaces with an aggregate sub-base can provide good water quality
treatment.
3.1 Porous surfacing options
Open-textured soil or granular material

Gravel or similar surface on a sub-base. Typically used in locations where very low volumes of
light weight traffic, such as cars, will be present and a low cost solution is required. There is
little design and the use is restricted to locations such as pedestrian areas, driveways on private
property and temporary car parks.

Figure 5: Granular Material (Source: susdrain.org)

Geosynthetic gravel/grass protection systems
Modular interlocking plastic paving systems infilled with gravel/grass/aggregate and bedded on
a free-draining structural sub-base layer. Typically used for light/medium loadings such as car
parks or locations where occasional heavy vehicular loadings occur (for example, due to refuse
collection vehicles, removal lorries or fire appliances).
Figure 6: Geosynthetic Gravel (Source: susdrain.org)

Small porous elemental surfacing blocks
Precast blocks formed of low-fines concrete or other material, which results in the blocks having
many small, interlinked internal voids throughout their section.
Figure 7: Small Porous Elements (source: susdrain.org)

These are laid on a recommended sub-base, which has in the past varied from Type 1 sub-base
(which is actually relatively impermeable) to clean gravel and crushed rock, or other open-
textured support. Typical uses are for public, engineered surfaces carrying light loading but of
high frequency such as shopping centre car parks.
Continuous-laid porous material
Porous asphalt, porous concrete or resin bound aggregate, laid on a recommended sub-base of
free-draining granular material. Remains free-draining provided regular surface maintenance
limits the deposit of debris in the surface void spaces.
Figure 9: Continuous-laid porous Material (Source: susdrain.org)
3.2 Permeable surfacing options
Large elemental surfacing blocks

Precast concrete blocks with a pattern of voids intended for filling with soil, which allow for the
growth of grass (grass concrete), laid on a recommended sub-base. These may remain relatively
free-draining provided trafficking does not compact the earth fill within the void spaces.
Figure 10: large elemental Surface blocking (Source: susdrain.org)

Typical uses are for low cost, temporary or occasional usage roadways and parking areas where
vehicular loading is generally light and where the appearance of a grassed surface is seen as
environmentally desirable, such as car parks, tram routes.
Small elemental surfacing blocks

Precast concrete blocks with a pattern of indentations along their edges intended to be filled with
sharp sand/gravel, laid on a recommended sub-base, which should be single size crushed rock or
other open-textured support. This remains free-draining provided surface maintenance limits the
deposit of debris in the indentations and joints between blocks
Figure: 11 Small Elemental Surfacing blocks (Source: susdrain.org)
Continuous-laid permeable material

In-situ cast concrete systems are available that provide a surface with large voids for infiltration,
whilst offering hard standing for vehicles. The surface is unsuitable for small-wheeled trolleys
and pedestrian use over large areas and has limitations aesthetically. Typically used in car
parking areas.
Figure 12: continuous-laid permeable material (source: susdrain.org)

Advantages
 Reduced peak flows to watercourses reducing the risk of flooding downstream
 Reduced effects of pollution in runoff on the environment
 Can be used in high density developments with a range of surface finishes that accept
surface waters over their area of use
 Reduced need for deep excavations for drainage, which can have significant cost benefits
 Flexible and tailored solution that can suit the proposed usage and design life
 Lined systems can be used where infiltration is not desirable, or where soil integrity
would be compromised
 Allows dual use of space, so no additional land take
 Removes need for gully pots and manholes
 Eliminates surface ponding and surface ice
 Often very resilient to a lack of maintenance
 Good community acceptability.
Disadvantages
 Cannot be used where large sediment loads may be washed/carried onto the surface
 In the UK, current practice is to use on highways with low traffic volumes, low axle
loads and speeds of less than 30 mph
 Risk of long-term clogging and weed growth if poorly maintained

Pervious pavements can be used in residential, commercial and industrial areas. And it’s
suitable for contaminated site and also for site above vulnerable groundwater.
Performance
Pervious pavements are good in peak flow reduction, volume reduction and water quality
treatment. But it’s poor in amenity potential and ecology potential.

4. Subsoil drain
A subsoil drain is laid underground and allows for the collection and passage of subsoil water to
a storm water drain. This can be used to increase the stability of the land especially around
building footings, reduce surface water for example, under a lawn and reduce subsoil water
pressure such as in a building basement.
4.1 Infiltration trenches
Infiltration trenches are shallow excavations with rubble or stone that create temporary
subsurface storage of stormwater runoff, thereby enhancing the natural capacity of the ground to
store and drain water.
Figure 13: Infiltration trench (Source: susdrain.org)

Infiltration trenches allow water to exfiltrate into the surrounding soils from the bottom and sides
of the trench. Ideally, they should receive lateral inflow from an adjacent impermeable surface,
but point source inflows may be acceptable.
Advantages
 Infiltration can significantly reduce both runoff rates and volumes.

 Infiltration provides a significant reduction in the pollutant load discharged to
receiving body.
 Can be incorporated easily into site landscaping and fits well beside roads.

Disadvantages
 High clogging potential without effective pre-treatment – not for sites with fine particle
soils(clay/silts) in upstream catchment.
 Build-up of pollution difficult to see.
 High historic failure rate due to poor maintenance, wrong siting or high debris input.
 Limited to relatively small catchments.
Infiltration trench can be used in residential, industrial and commercial areas. But it’s not used
on contaminated sites and vulnerable groundwater.
Performances
Infiltration trench is performed medium in peak flow reduction but high in volume reduction
and water quality treatment. And it’s performed low in amenity potential and ecology potential.
Quantity
Infiltration techniques: provide storage for runoff in an underground chamber, lined with a
porous membrane and filled with coarse crushed rock. Enhance the natural ability of the soil to
drain the water. They do this by providing a large surface area in contact with the surrounding
soil, through which the water can pass. The amount of water that can be disposed of by an
infiltration trench within a specified time depends mainly on the infiltration potential of the
surrounding soil. The size of the device and the bulk density of any fill material will govern
storage capacity.
Quality
Runoff is treated in different ways in an infiltration trench. These include: physical filtration to
remove solids, adsorption onto the material in the trench, biochemical reactions involving micro-
organisms growing on the fill or in the soil. The level of treatment depends on the size of the
media and the length of the flow path through the system, which controls the time it takes the
runoff to pass into the surrounding soil. Pre-treatment may be required before polluted runoff is
allowed into an infiltration trench.

Amenity
Infiltration trenches are easy to integrate into a site. They are ideal for use around playing
fields, recreational areas or public open space. They increase soil moisture content and help to
recharge groundwater, thereby mitigating problems of low river flows.
Maintenance
 Regular inspection for signs of clogging

 Removal of sediment from pre-treatment system
 Removal and cleaning or replacement of stone.
4.2 Bioretention area
Bioretention areas (also referred to as bioretention cells or rain gardens) use soil, plants and
microbes to treat stormwater before it is infiltrated or discharged. Bioretention areas are shallow
depressions filled with sandy soil, topped with a thick layer of mulch, and planted with dense
vegetation.
Figure :14 Bioretention area (Source: susdrain.org)
Stormwater runoff flows into the bioretention area, percolates through the soil (which acts as a
filter) and eventually drains into the groundwater; some of the water is also absorbed by the
plants. Bioretention areas are usually designed to allow ponded water and with an overflow outlet
to prevent flooding during larger storm events. Where soils have low permeability or where faster
drainage is desired, designers may incorporate a perforated underdrain that routes to a storm drain
system.

Bioretention areas can provide excellent pollutant removal and recharge for the “first flush” of
stormwater runoff. Properly designed bioretention areas will remove suspended solids, metals,
and nutrients. Distributed around a property, bioretention areas can enhance site aesthetics. In
residential developments they are often marketed as property amenities. Routine maintenance is
simple and can be handled by homeowners or conventional landscaping companies, with proper
direction.
Bioretention areas are suitable in a wide range of climatic and geologic situations. Common
applications for bioretention areas include parking lot islands, median strips, and traffic islands.
Bioretention is often a feasible “retrofit” that can be accomplished by replacing existing parking
lot islands or by re-configuring a parking lot during resurfacing.
Advantages
 Can be planned as landscaping features.

 Very effective in removing urban pollutants.
 Can reduce volume and rate of runoff.
 Flexible layout to fit into landscape.
 Well-suited for installation in highly impervious areas, provided the system is well-
engineered and adequate space is made available.
 Good retrofit capability.
Disadvantages
 Requires landscaping and management.

 Susceptible to clogging if surrounding landscape is not managed.
 Not suitable for areas with steep slope.
Bio-retention area can be used in residential, commercial and industrial areas. And it’s also
suitable for contaminated sites and for site above vulnerable groundwater.
Performance
Bioretention area is medium in peak flow reduction and volume reduction (High with
infiltration). And it’s good in water quality treatment and amenity potential but medium in
ecology potential.

5. Subsoil drain
A subsoil drain is laid underground and allows for the collection and passage of subsoil water to
a storm water drain. This can be used to increase the stability of the land especially around
building footings, reduce surface water for example, under a lawn and reduce subsoil water
pressure such as in a building basement.
5.1 Retention ponds
Figure 15: Retention Ponds (Source: susdrain.org)

Retention ponds can provide both stormwater attenuation and treatment. They are designed to
support emergent and submerged aquatic vegetation along their shoreline. Runoff from each rain
event is detained and treated in the pool. The retention time promotes pollutant removal through
sedimentation and the opportunity for biological uptake mechanisms to reduce nutrient
concentrations.
Advantages
 Can cater for all storms.

 Good removal capability of urban pollutants.
 Can be used where groundwater is vulnerable, if lined.
 High potential ecological, aesthetic and amenity benefits.
 May add value to local properties.

Disadvantages
 No reduction in runoff volume.

 Anaerobic conditions can occur without regular inflow.
 Land take may limit use in high density sites.
 May not be suitable for steep sites, due to requirement for high embankments.
 Colonisation by invasive species could increase maintenance.
 Perceived health & safety risks may result in fencing and isolation of the pond.
Retention pond can be used in residential, commercial and industrial areas. And it’s can be used
in contaminated site and on vulnerable groundwater site but in liner.
Performance
Retention pond performed good in peak flow reduction but poor in volume reduction. And
good in water quality treatment, amenity potential and ecology potential.
Quantity
Ponds can be designed to control flow rates by storing floodwater and releasing it slowly once
the risk of flooding has passed (also known as a balancing pond). The stored water will change
the water level, and ponds should be designed to function in both dry and wet weather. Quantity
can also be influenced by the amount of water that can be allowed to infiltrate into the ground if
there is no risk to groundwater quality.
Quality
Ponds treat runoff in a variety of ways: settlement of solids in still water. Having plants in the
water enhances calm conditions and promotes settlement, adsorption by aquatic vegetation,
biological activity.
Amenity
Ponds offer many opportunities for the landscape designer. Permanently wet ponds can be used
to store water for reuse, and offer excellent opportunities for the provision of wildlife habitats.

Maintenance
Litter/debris removal. Inlet/outlet cleaning.
Vegetation management. Sediment monitoring and removal when required
5.2 Soakaways
Figure 16: Soakaways (Source: susdrain.org)

Soakaways are square or circular excavations either filled with rubble or lined with brickwork,
pre-cast concrete or polyethylene rings/perforated storage structures surrounded by granular
backfill. They can be grouped and linked together to drain large areas including highways. The
supporting structure and backfill can be substituted by modular or geocellular-units. Soakaways
provide stormwater attenuation, stormwater treatment and groundwater recharge.
Advantages
 Minimal net land take.

 Provides groundwater recharge.
 Good volume reduction and peak flow attenuation.
 Easy to construct and operate.
 Can be retrofitted.
Disadvantages
 Not suitable for poor draining soils.

 Field investigations required to confirm infiltration rates.

 Not suitable for locations where infiltration water may put structural foundations at
risk, or where infiltrating water may adversely affect existing drainage patterns.
 Not appropriate for draining polluted runoff.
 Increased risk of groundwater pollution.
 Some uncertainty over long-term performance and possible reduced performance
during long wet periods.
 Where the property owner is responsible for operation and maintenance, performance
difficult to guarantee.
Soakaways can be used in residential, commercial and industrial areas. But this component
cannot be used in contaminated sites and sites above vulnerable groundwater.
Performance
Soakaways is performed good in peak flow reduction, volume reduction and water quality
treatment. But it’s poor in amenity potential and ecology potential.
Quantity
Infiltration techniques: provide storage for runoff in an underground chamber, lined with a
porous membrane and filled with coarse crushed rock. Enhance the natural ability of the soil to
drain the water. They do this by providing a large surface area in contact with the surrounding
soil, through which the water can pass. The amount of water that can be disposed of by a
soakaway within a specified time depends mainly on the infiltration potential of the surrounding
soil. The size of the device and the bulk density of any fill material will govern storage capacity.
Quality
Runoff is treated in different ways by a soakaway. These include: physical filtration to remove
solids adsorption onto the material biochemical reactions involving micro-organisms growing on
the fill or in the soil. The level of treatment depends on the size of the media and the length of
the flow path through the system, which controls the time it takes the runoff to pass into the
surrounding soil.

Amenity
Soakaways are easy to integrate into a site, but they offer very little in the way of amenity or
biodiversity value as they should be completely underground and water should not appear on the
surface. They do, however, increase soil moisture content and help to recharge groundwater,
thereby helping to mitigate problems of low river flows.
Maintenance
 Removal of sediments/debris from pre-treatment device

 Monitoring performance (using observation well).
5.3 Infiltration Basin
Infiltration basins are vegetated depressions designed to store runoff on the surface and infiltrate
it gradually into the ground. They are dry except in periods of heavy rainfall.
Figure 17: Infiltration Basin (Source: susdrain.org)
Advantages
 Reduces the volume of runoff from a drainage area.

 Can be very effective at pollutant removal via filtering through the soils.
 Contributes to groundwater recharge and baseflow augmentation.
 Simple and cost-effective to construct.
 Changes in performance easy to observe.
Disadvantages
 Potentially high failure rates due to improper siting, poor design and lack of
maintenance, especially if appropriate pre-treatment is not incorporated.
 Comprehensive geotechnical investigations required to confirm suitability for
infiltration.
 Not appropriate for draining pollution hotspots where high pollution concentrations are
possible.
 Requires a large, flat area.
Infiltration basin can be used in residential, commercial and industrial areas. But it’s can not be
used in contaminated sites and sites above vulnerable groundwater.
Performance
Infiltration basin is average in peak flow reduction and good in volume reduction. And it’s also
good in water quality treatment, amenity potential and ecology potential
Quantity
Infiltration techniques: store runoff by allowing temporary and shallow ponding on the surface;
enhance the natural ability of the soil to drain the water. They do this by providing a large surface
area in contact with the surrounding soil, through which the water can pass. The amount of water
that can be disposed of by an infiltration basin within a specified time depends mainly on the
infiltration potential of the surrounding soil. The size of the device and the bulk density of any
fill material will govern storage capacity.
Quality
Runoff is treated in different ways in an infiltration basin. These include: physical filtration to
remove solids, adsorption onto the material in the surrounding soil, biochemical reactions
involving micro-organisms growing on the fill or in the soil.
The level of treatment depends on the size of the media and the length of the flow path through
the system, which controls the time it takes the runoff to pass into the surrounding soil. Pre-
treatment may be required before polluted runoff is allowed into an infiltration basin.
Amenity
Infiltration basins are easy to integrate into a site. They are ideal for use as playing fields,
recreational areas or public open space. Infiltration basins can be planted with trees, shrubs and
other plants, improving their visual appearance and providing habitats for wildlife. They increase
soil moisture content and help to recharge groundwater, thereby mitigating problems of low river
flows.
Maintenance
 Regular inspections for signs of deterioration in performance, clogging and other blockages.
 Litter/trash removal. And regular removal of sediment from pre-treatment.
 Inlet/outlet cleaning.
 Vegetation management.

6. Case study
The Gandhinagar is Green city and the capital Gujarat state. The urbanization of city impact
reduces the infiltration land, it occurs the low infiltration of rain water in ground. The stormwater
runoff occurs when the rainfalls over the infiltration land such as roadway, walk way, parking
lots, rooftop and other surface that prevent the infiltration of stormwater and. This runoff volume
increase and flooding problem generate in city. This runoff existing in the drain in near lake and
river. The sedimentation, nitrogen, bacteria, phosphorus, oil, grease, trash, pesticides, metal and
other matter pollute the storm water in urban areas. The stormwater drains in sewer line to meet
the sewage water its more pollute, then after drain in lake or river the other industrial wastewater
pollutes the stormwater. The Stormwater management practice to prevent the pollution of runoff
and use in storing tank the and water infiltration in ground.
Need of Study
 To manage Stormwater runoff, it occurs flooding in Gandhinagar city.

 The lack of the proper drainage system it occurs the overflow into sewer line.
 Due to erosion of land it occurs sedimentation into sewer system.
 The rain is main source of pure water, this rain water discharging into river is already
polluted by industrials west and sewer system its west of Stormwater.
 Lack of infiltration of rainwater in ground due to urbanization, it requires to recharging
of groundwater.
 The green infrastructure they require the irrigation of garden
Objective
In this study focuses on problem of stormwater in Gandhinagar and represents the solution based
on BMPs (Best Management Practice). In this study to manage the stormwater under the strategy
of BMPs (Best Management Practice). The guideline and practice as per BMPs
 To provide effective, economic, safe and sustainable Stormwater managements practice. To

Store and use Stormwater.
 To use the stormwater, support the green infrastructure such as irrigation.
 To prevents stormwater impact such as flooding and water-logging.
 To increase the infiltration by reducing.

Study area
Due to Urbanization increase the land use in different sector such as residual and public
development. This development reduces the infiltration land, it causes the urban storm problem
Select the Area of Gandhinagar the problem of the Stormwater. Study area select East side KH
7 to CH 7 And South side CH 7 to CH 4. The total study area 7.21km2 in Include sector
27,28,29,22,23,24,15,16 and 17.
Figure 18: Study area of Gandhinagar (Source: irjet.net)
Problem of Stormwater
After survey of study to area, identify problem of the Stormwater.in the city both side of road
provided the Stormwater drain line network to discharge of Stormwater in Sabarmati river. But
this network was doing not work perfectly. The Stormwater problem is Flooding and
waterlogging.
Figure 19: Storm water problem (Source: irjet.net)

Figure 20: Sedimentation in storm sewer (Source: irjet.net)

The inadequate storm drainage network are does not escape storm water, the storm drainage line
due sedimentation not properly work the debris close the storm drain. The impervious area
reduces the infiltration. In the rainy season much water flowing over the ground surface. This
rain water has no impurity, its flowing by gravitation force and drainage through discharge in
near lake or river. This river or lake already polluted by Industrial and Residual sewer system.
Stormwater runoff polluted on Ground surface such contain as vehicle dropping oil and grease,
metal, sediments, nitrogen, trash, phosphorus, pesticides, bacteria and other. Due to flooding
erosion of the pavements. The Stormwater is the main source of fresh water its drain through
discharge into river. this water needs to storage for domestic purpose.
Solution
After the existing survey of Study area identify the problem of Stormwater and causes of the
Stormwater Such as the existing storm drainage was bad condition due to sedimentation network
are blocked and does not effectively. Its cases flooding and waterlogging of the Stormwater. The
Concrete paved area like parking areas are reduce the pervious land. Using permeable paving to
reduce the impervious area.
Figure 21: Existing Drainage Manhole (Source: irjet.net)

Figure 22: Designed Drainage Manhole (Source: irjet.net)

Near the GH 4 Garden area provide Stormwater tank to store the rainwater and use in irrigation
of garden, so provide Storage tank to store the stormwater and use in irrigation of the garden and
redesign storm sewer manhole for control sedimentation in storm sewer, and suggest permeable
paving at parking area and other concrete paving areas. Storage tanks collect and store
Stormwater runoff during a storm event, then release it at controlled rates to the downstream
drainage system, thereby attenuating peak discharge rates from the site. This tank provided
underground at near the Gh-4 garden to collect and use the Stormwater in garden for irrigation.
The tank capacity of 80000 litters. It’s used in dry season irrigation of garden and rain water
harvest.

7.Conclusion
Water scarcity is serious problem throughout the world for both urban and rural community.
And due to the rapid urbanisation, that increase storm water runoff and that water is not
infiltrate or pernitrate in the ground so that why ground water table level is decreased.
This problem can be solved by a providing a stormwater collection component, such as

infiltration trench, infiltration basin, pervious pavements, retention pond etc…
8. References

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SARVAJANIK EDUCTION SOCIETY

SARVAJANIK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

In the partial fulfilment of requirement for the award of degree

This is to certify that Graduate Report entitled “storm water collection”

Figure 1: Storm-water (source: americanrivers.org)

ME TOWN AND COUTRY PLANNING Page | 1

2.1 Green Roof

Figure: 2 Green Roof (Source: moorefrmbsg.org)

 Mimic predevelopment state of hydraulics and hydrology.

ME TOWN COUTRY PLANNING

 Cost (compared to conventional roof).

Figure: 3 Green Roof (Source: susdrain.org)

 Irrigation is needed during establishment of vegetation for some roofs

Figure 4: Pervious Surface (Source: susdrain.org)

3.1 Porous surfacing options

Open-textured soil or granular material

ME TOWN COUTRY PLANNING

Figure 5: Granular Material (Source: susdrain.org)

Figure 6: Geosynthetic Gravel (Source: susdrain.org)

Figure 7: Small Porous Elements (source: susdrain.org)

ME TOWN COUTRY PLANNING

Continuous-laid porous material

Figure 9: Continuous-laid porous Material (Source: susdrain.org)

3.2 Permeable surfacing options

Large elemental surfacing blocks

Figure 10: large elemental Surface blocking (Source: susdrain.org)

ME TOWN COUTRY PLANNING

Small elemental surfacing blocks

Figure: 11 Small Elemental Surfacing blocks (Source: susdrain.org)

Continuous-laid permeable material

Figure 12: continuous-laid permeable material (source: susdrain.org)

ME TOWN COUTRY PLANNING

Used of this component

ME TOWN COUTRY PLANNING

4.1 Infiltration trenches

Figure 13: Infiltration trench (Source: susdrain.org)

 Infiltration can significantly reduce both runoff rates and volumes.

ME TOWN COUTRY PLANNING

ME TOWN COUTRY PLANNING

 Regular inspection for signs of clogging

4.2 Bioretention area

Figure :14 Bioretention area (Source: susdrain.org)

ME TOWN COUTRY PLANNING

 Can be planned as landscaping features.

 Requires landscaping and management.

Used of this component

ME TOWN COUTRY PLANNING

5.1 Retention ponds

Figure 15: Retention Ponds (Source: susdrain.org)

 Can cater for all storms.

ME TOWN COUTRY PLANNING

 No reduction in runoff volume.

Used of this component

ME TOWN COUTRY PLANNING

Figure 16: Soakaways (Source: susdrain.org)

 Minimal net land take.

 Not suitable for poor draining soils.

ME TOWN COUTRY PLANNING

Used of this component

ME TOWN COUTRY PLANNING

 Removal of sediments/debris from pre-treatment device

5.3 Infiltration Basin

Figure 17: Infiltration Basin (Source: susdrain.org)