Q1. A multi-purpose hall is to be developed within Batu Pahat city area.

The project area is

0.60 ha. 75% of it shall be occupied by building, access road and pavement while 25% by
garden and turfed areas. The catchment area of the project where it connects to the main
drain is 0.60 ha and has a terrain slope about 1:1999. It is more economical to construct an
OSD tank than to upgrade the existing drainage system for this new development. Based
on the design procedure, calculate the Permissible Site Discharge (PSD), Site Storage
Requirement (SSR) and inlet and outlet pipe sizes.
SOLUTION

From Table 5A1

Batu Pahat - Region 5 (Southern)

1. From Table 5A1

75% Area
PSD 76.9 0.6 46.14 L/s 0.046 m3/s
SSR 465.9 0.6 279.54 m3

2. From Table 5A2

 75% Area
PSD 57.1 0.6 34.26 L/s 0.034 m3/s
SSR 403.7 0.6 242.22 m3
Inlet 189 0.6 113.40 L/s 0.113 m3/s
Flow

Design Value
Selected:
PSD = whichever is smaller between Table 5A1 & 5A2
57.1 L/s

SSR = whichever is larger between Table 5A1 & 5A2

279.54 m3

Sizing of OSD Tank

Required storage = 279.54
20 m (W) x 12 m (L) x 1.2
Suitable tank storage = m (D)
288 > from 279.54 ok

3. From Table 5A3

Available in
size market
Diameter Inlet pipe = 420 mm 450 mm
Diameter Outlet pipe 168 mm 160 mm
=
4. From Table 5A4
Inlet pipe = 362 mm
Outlet pipe = 278 mm

Inlet pipe = whichever is smaller between Table 5A3 & 5A4

362 mm adopt 350 mm size pipe
Outlet
pipe = whichever is smaller between Table 5A3 & 5A4
168 mm adopt 160 mm size pipe
Q2. A developed factory in Seremban is proposed to be included rain water tank in the design.
The roof building area and workers are 4500m2 and 450 peoples, respectively. The factory
will have toilets with single flush system and small landscaping area at the entrance.

a. Determine annual rainwater demand (m3)

b. Determine rainwater tank size

c. Evaluate percentage of rainwater yield over rainwater demand.

SOLUTION

a) Compute annual rainwater demand (m3)

Piping component Unit Average water use Total water use

(l/day)
Single flush toilet with 9 450 workers 5 flushes/day 20250
l/flush
Gardening 40 minutes 20 l/minute 800
Total 21050

The annual rainwater demand 365 x 21050

litres/day = 7683.25m3

b) Tank size estimation (m3)

With rooftop catchment area, Ar = 4500m2, Tank size St = 0.01m x 4500m2 = 45m3

c) Compute average annual rainwater yield for town (m3)

The tank size AARY for Seremban is = 45m3 x 98 = 4410m3

Compute percentage of water yield over rainwater demand = 4410/7683.25 x 100 = 57.4%
Q3. A wetland is proposed to be constructed in the area. Develop a steps to design the wetland.

1. Soil loss and sediment yield estimation

 Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is used to assess soil losses under different
cropping system.
 Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) is recommended for sediment
yield estimation of a catchment as a result of a specific storm event.
2. Erosion control BMPs
 Seeding and Planting
Seeding of grasses and planting of trees, shrubs, and ground covers provide long-
term stabilization of soil
 Mulching
Mulching is a temporary ground cover that protects the soil from rainfall impacts,
increases infiltration, conserves moistures around vegetation, prevents
compaction and cracking of soil, and aids the growth of seeding the seeds,
fertilizers and topsoil in place until growth occurs.
 Geotextiles and Mats
Mattings made of natural or synthetic material, are often used to temporarily or
permanently stabilize soil, reduce erosion from rainfall impact, absorbs and hold
moisture near the surface soil.
3. Runoff Management BMPs
 Earth bank
Temporary earth bank is a temporary berm or ridge of compacted soil used to
divert runoff or channel water to a desired location, thereby the potential for
erosion and off-site sedimentation.
 Diversion channel
Temporary diversion channels used to divert off-site runoff around the
construction site, divert runoff from stabilized areas around distributed areas, and
to direct runoff into sediment control BMPs.
 Drainage outlet protection
 Drainage outlet protection is a physical device consisting of rock, grouted riprap,
concrete rubble that is place at the culvert, conduit or channel to prevent scour
caused by high flow velocities and to absorb flow energies to produce non erosive
velocities.
 Temporary waterway crossing
A temporary access waterway crossing is a culvert placed across a waterway to
provide access for construction purpose for a period of less than one year.
4. Sediment control BMPs
 Silt fences
A temporary sediment barrier consisting of filter fabric stretched across and
attached to support posts, entrenched depending upon the strength of the fabric
used backed by a wire fence for support.
 Check dams
A small temporary dam constructed across a diversion channel or swale to reduce
the velocities of concentrated storm water flows.
 Sediment traps
A small temporary ponding area, usually with a gravel outlet, formed by
excavation and construction of an earthen embankment. Purpose is to detain
runoff from disturbed areas for a long enough period of time runoff to settle out.
 Sediment basins
Sediments basin typically consist of an impoundment, dam, a riser pipe outlet,
and an emergency spillway and its function is the same as sediment trap but caters
to a larger catchment.