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Tutorial 1
Fault Level Calculation:
Consider a 11 kV generator with the impedance of 1.61 Ω/p the fault current will be:
11,000
𝑉𝑉𝑝𝑝ℎ = = 6351 𝐴𝐴
√3
6351
𝐼𝐼𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 1.61 = 3944 𝐴𝐴 Fault Level
Why Fault Calculation?
• Power System Study
• Sizing Equipment like Cables, Bus bars,…
• Specifying the short Circuit withstanding level of all power system elements (Breaking
Capacity) e.g.: 50 kA 2sec., 50kA 1 sec., 25 kA 1sec., …
• Setting Protection Relays.
Alternate Way to show fault level is showing by short Circuit MVA (MVASc. )
For Above example,
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = √3 × 11,000 × 3944 = 75 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
Generally:
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝑍𝑍% = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 × 100% 𝑍𝑍% = 𝑉𝑉 2
× 𝑍𝑍 × 100%
Per unit:
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝑍𝑍𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑍𝑍𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝑉𝑉 2
× 𝑍𝑍
In a large power system, all the impedance will be converted to a common base:
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
𝑍𝑍𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = × 𝑍𝑍
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
For previous example consider base MVA as 10 MVA:
10
𝑍𝑍𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 (𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝) = × 0.25 = 0.133 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
18.75
Power System Protection Tutorial 1
ELEN3003 2
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Semester 2 2016
Power System Protection Tutorial 1
ELEN3003 3
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Question 3: Consider below Distribution System:
- Incoming Supply, 11KV
- 11 kV cable, 2*(3*300mm2 ), L=600 m, R=80 mΩ/kM
- Transformers,11/0.415 kV, 2* 1.25 MVA, Z%=6 1
- LV Cable, 2*(3*1*1000mm2 ), L=25 m, R=100 mΩ/kM
- Grid Short Circuit Level is 250 MVAsc.
Calculate the Short Circuit at MV and LV switchgears in below
cases:
a) Bus Couplers 1, 2 and 3 are closed.
b) Bus Couplers 1, 2 and 3 are open.
c) Bus coupler 1 is open, 2,3 are closed and right hand
side 11kV incoming feeder is open.
2
End of Tutorial
Semester 2 2016