KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.

1 AFS CHAKERI KANPUR

SESSION-2019-20

ACHIEVEMENT TEST

CLASS-XII
SUBJECT-PHYSICS THEORY (042)

BLUE PRINT

Time-3 Hrs MM-70

S.NO. UNIT VSA SA LA1 LA2 TOTAL

1mark 2marks 3marks 5 marks

1 Electrostatics 3(3) 2(1) …. 5(1) 10(5)

2 Current Electricity 3(3) 2(1) 3(1) …. 08(5)

3 Magnetic effect of current 4(4) …. 3(1) 5(1) 12(6)

and magnetism
4 Electromagnetic Induction 3(3) 2(1) 3(1) …. 08(5)
and Alternating Currents
5 Electromagnetic Waves …. 2(1) 3(1) …. 05(2)

6 Optics 4(4) 4(2) 6(2) 5(1) 19 (9)

7 Dual Nature of Radiation 3(3) 2(1) 3(1) …. 08(5)

and Matter
8 Total 20(20) 14(7) 21(7) 15(3) 70(37)
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.1 AFS CHAKERI KANPUR
SESSION-2019-20
ACHIEVEMENT TEST
CLASS-XII
SUBJECT-PHYSICS THEORY (042)
TIME-3 HRS MM-70
Instructions:
General Instructions:
1. All questions are compulsory. There are 37 questions in all.
2. This question paper has four sections: Section A, Section B, Section C and Section D.
3. Section A contains twenty questions of one mark each, Section B contains seven questions of two
marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each,and Section D contains three
questions of five marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in two questions of one
mark each, two questions of two marks, one question of three marks and three questions of five
marks weightage. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

Section-A
Directions (Q1-Q10) Select the most appropriate option from those given below each question
1. Name the physical quantity whose S.I. unit is 1
(a)Electric potential (b) Electric field intensity (c) Capacitance (d) Electric Flux
2. A 10 V battery of negligible internal resistance is connected across 1
a 200 V battery and a resistance of 38 as shown. What is the
value of the current in the circuit.
(a) 5A (b) 5.3A (c)10A (d) 2A
3. What is the angle of dip at equator? 1
(a) 900 (b) 00 (c) 450 (d) 1800
4. Which of the following substances are paramagnetic? Bi, Al, Cu, Ca Pb and Ni 1
(a) Bi (b) Al (c) Cu (d) Ca, Pb and Ni

5. The peak value of emf in an a.c. is E0. The rms value over a complete cycle. 1
(a) (b) Zero (c) 2E0 (d) Eo
√
6. What is the value of refractive index of a medium of polarizing angle ? 1
(a) √ (b) 1 (c) √ (d)1/2
7. Two thin lenses of power and are in contact. What is the focal length of 1
this combination?
(a) 25cm (b)50 cm (c)10 cm (d)20 cm

OR
How does the resolving power of a microscope change when the wavelength of the
incident light is increased?
(a) Increased (b) decreased (c) No change (d) None of these
8. What is the stopping potential applied to a photocell if the maximum kinetic energy 1
of a photoelectron is 5 eV ?
(a) - 2V (b) 5 V (c) 10 V (d) None of these
9. The threshold frequency of a metal is f. When the light of frequency 2f is incident on 1
the metal plate, the maximum velocity of photo-electrons is . When the frequency
of the incident radiation is increased to 5f, the maximum velocity of photo-electrons
is . Find theratio : .
(a) 1:2 (b) 2:3 (c) 2:9 (d) 4:7
10. An electron is accelerated from rest through a potential V. the expression for the de- 1
Broglie wavelength is
(a) = (b) = (c) = (d) =
√ √
Directions (Q11 –Q15) Fill in the blanks with appropriate answer.
11. No work done in moving a charge from one point to another on an … Equipontential 1
surface
12. Nichrome and copper wires of same length and same radius are connected in series. 1
Current I is passed through them. The Nichrome wire gets heated up more.
13. The line integral of the magnetic field, around a closed loop, equals ……… µ0………. 1
times the total current passing through the surface enclosed by that loop.”
14. The factors on which Quality factors depends are Resonating frequency ( ) and band width 1
( )

15. Light waves from two coherent sources arrive at two points on a screen with path 1
differences of 0 and /2. The ratio of intensities at these points is ………[ Ans. (i)
⇨ X 0 (ii) ⇨ X
⇨ ( )
& ( ) ( )
⇨

Directions (Q16 –Q20) Answer the following

16. Two point charges having equal charges separated by distance experience a force 1
of . What will be the force experienced by them, if they are held in water, at the
same distance ? ( ) [Ans.

17. Find the resistance of the following carbon resistor. 1

(i) X

18. Under what condition is the force acting on a charge (or an electron) moving through 1
a uniform magnetic field maximum?
When it moves parallel or antiparallel to the direction of magnetic
Reason : ⇨ when or ,

19. A bar magnet is moved in the direction indicated by the arrow between two coils PQ 1
and CD. Predict the direction of the induced current in each coil.
 Q to P through ammeter and D to C through ammeter
(Alternatively: Anticlockwise as seen from left in coil PQ clockwise as seen from left in coil CD
20. Name the phenomenon which describes the transverse wave nature of the light. 1
Polarization
Section-B
21. A dielectric slab of thickness‘t’ is introduced without touching between the plates of a 2
parallel plate capacitor separated by a distance‘d’ (t < d). Derive an expression for the
capacitance of the capacitor.

22. How a metre bridge is used to determine the unknown resistance of a given wire? 2
Write the necessary precautions to minimize the error in the result.
23. What are eddy currents? How are they produced? 2
Why eddy currents are considered undesirable?
OR
Obtain an expression for the energy stored in an inductor/coil/ solenoid of self-
inductance 'L' when the current through it grows from zero to 'I'.
24. A proton and an have the same de-Broglie wavelength. Determine the 2
ratio of- (i) Their accelerating potentials, and (ii) their speeds.
25. Draw a sketch of linearly polarized em waves propagating in the Z-direction. Indicate 2
the directions of the oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
26. Draw a labeled ray diagram for the formation of image by a compound microscope in normal 2
adjustment.
OR
Draw a labeled ray diagram of an astronomical telescope when the final image is formed at
least distance of distinct vision.
27. The wavelengths of two Sodium light of and are used in turn to 2
study the diffraction taking place at a single slit of aperture The distance
between the slit and the screen is . Calculate the separation between the
positions of first maxima of the diffraction pattern observed in the two cases.
Section-C
28. On the basis of electron drift, derive an expression for resistivity of a conductor in 3
terms of number density of free electrons and relaxation time.
29. A series LCR circuit is connected to an a.c. source having voltage V = VOsinωt. 3
Using phasor diagram, derive expressions for impedance, instantaneous current and
its phase relationship to the applied voltage. Also draw graphs of V and I versus ωt for
the circuit.
30. Derive an expression for the force per unit length between the two infinitely long 3
straight parallel current carrying conductors. Hence define S.I. unit of current.
OR
Derive an expression for the torque acting on a rectangular current carrying loop kept
in a uniform magnetic field B.
(i) Indicate the direction of torque acting on the loop.
 (ii) If the loop is free to rotate, what would be its orientation in stable equilibrium ?
31. Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths- (i) are used to treat muscular strain 3
(ii) are used by a F.M. radio station for broadcasting
(iii) are used to detect fractures in bones
(iv) are absorbed by ozone layer of the atmosphere
Identify the name and part of electromagnetic spectrum to which these radiations
belong. Arrange these wavelengths in order of magnitude.
32. Derive Snell’s law on the basis of Huygen’s wave theory when light is travelling from a 3
rarer to a denser medium/ Denser to rarer medium.
33. Derive mirror formula for concave mirror. 3
34. i) Using photon picture of light, show how Einstein’s photoelectric equation can be 3
established.
(ii) Write three salient features observed in photoelectric effect which can be
explained using this equation.
Section-D
35. Using Gauss’s law, deduce the expression for the electric field due to uniformly 5
charged spherical conducting shell of
radius R at a point (i) outside and (ii) inside the shell.
Plot a graph showing variation of electric field as a function of r > R and r< R.
OR
State Kirchhoff’s rules. Use these rules to write the
expressions for the currents I1 , I2 and I3 in the circuit
diagram shown then find the potential across r2 .

36. State Biot – Savart law and express this law in the vector form. ‘ 5
Using Biot-Savart law, deduce the expression for the magnetic field at a point (x) on the axis
of a circular current carrying loop of radius R. How is the direction of the magnetic field
determined at this point?
OR
Draw a neat labelled diagram of a cyclotron. State the underlying principle of a cyclotron.
Show that time period of ions in cyclotron is independent of both the speed of ion and radius
of circular path. Also obtain an expression for maximum kinetic energy gained by the particle.
37. Derive expression for the lens maker’s formula using necessary ray diagrams. = 5
( )( )
Also state the assumptions in deriving the above relation and the sign conventions used.
OR
Derive an expression for path difference in Young’s double slit experiment and obtain the
conditions for constructive and destructive interference at a point on the screen. Hence find
the expression for fringe width. Also draw a graph showing the variation of intensity in the
interference pattern.
21. A dielectric slab of thickness ‘t’ is introduced without touching between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor
separated by a distance ‘d’ (t < d). Derive an expression for the capacitance of the capacitor.
[ Ans. Electric field between the plates in air CBSE (AIC)-2005,2001

Electric field in dielectric slab

⇨ potential difference between the plates

( ) *( ) + *( ) +

⇨
*( ) +

⇨
( )
 22. How a metre bridge is used to determine the unknown resistance of a given wire ?
Write the necessary precautions to minimize the error in the result.
CBSE (AI)-2016, (AIC)-2015
[ Ans. Determination of unknown resistance (S)
Let be the balancing length for unknown
resistance S as shown then

( ) ( )

⇨ ( )

⇨ ( ) ( )
By choosing three different values of R, we
calculate S each time. Average of these values of S

gives the value of unknown resistance

Precautions : (i) Make all the connections neat,
clean and in tight manner
(ii) select those values of R for which
the balancing length is closed to the middle point of the
wire
23. . What are eddy currents ? How are they produced ? CBSE (AI)-2011,2009,(F)-2009,(AIC)-
2006
[ Ans. Eddy currents : The induced circulating currents produced in the bulk piece of a conductor, when it is subjected
to a changing magnetic flux, are known as eddy currents
Eddy currents are produced when a bulk conductor is placed in a changing magnetic field

Why eddy currents are considered undesirable ? CBSE (AI)-2011,2009

[ Ans. Because (i) they heat up the metallic core and dissipate electrical energy in the form of heat.
(ii) they always oppose the motion.

OR

Obtain an expression for the energy stored in an inductor/coil/ solenoid of self-inductance 'L' when the
current through it grows from zero to 'I'.
Energy stored in an inductor/coil/solenoid :
When a current flows through an inductor/solenoid, work is
done against back emf ( = ), which is stored as magnetic potential
energy.
Rate of work done, when a current I is passing through the inductor

| | ( )

⇨ = ∫ = * + =

But for a solenoid,

⇨ ( )

24.A proton and an have the same de-Broglie wavelength. Determine the ratio of-
(i) their accelerating potentials, and (ii) their speeds. CBSE (D) -2015, (DC)-2009
[ Ans. (i) ⇨ & = same
√

⇨ = X = X 8:1

(ii) ⇨ ⇨
⇨ = = = 4:1

25. Draw a sketch of linearly polarized em waves propagating in the Z-direction. Indicate the directions of the oscillating
electric and magnetic fields. CBSE (AI)-2016,2015,2010,(F)-2014,(D)-2009
[ Ans.
26. . (i) Draw a labelled ray diagram for the formation of image by a compound microscope in normal adjustment.
(ii) Define magnifying power of a compound microscope in normal adjustment and derive an expression for it.
[ Ans. ray diagram of a compound microscope in normal adjustment CBSE (D)-2017,(AI)-2015

[ Ans. Magnifying power : Magnifying power of a compound microscope is defined as the angle subtended at the eye
by the final image to the angle subtended (at the un aided eye) by the object

= X = X
When the object is very close to , and the image formed is very close to eye lens, then
and L

𝑳 𝑫
𝒎= X
𝒇𝒐 𝒇𝒆

OR
(i) Draw a labelled ray diagram of an astronomical telescope when the final image is formed at least distance of
distinct vision.
(ii) Define its magnifying power and deduce the expression for the magnifying power of telescope.
[ Ans. CBSE (F)-2015,2014,(AI)-2013

Magnifying power : It is defined as the ratio of the angle subtended at the eye by the image at the least distance of
the distinct vision to the angle subtended at the eye by the object at infinity, when seen directly

= -------(1)
But for eye lens,

⇨ ( )

⇨ from (1), = ( )
27. The wavelengths of two Sodium light of and are used in turn to study the diffraction
taking place at a single slit of aperture The distance between the slit and the screen is .
Calculate the separation between the positions of first maxima of the diffraction pattern observed in the
two cases.
[ Ans. Given, , ,D , a , ?
for first maxima,

⇨ ( ) ( ) 6.75 X
==================================================================================

28. On the basis of electron drift, derive an expression for resistivity of a conductor in terms of number
density of free electrons and relaxation time.

Ans-Let a potential difference is applied across the ends of a conductor as shown.

Electric field produced,

⇨
⇨ ( ) ( )

⇨ ( ) ---------(1)

If the physical conditions of conductor such as temperature etc. remains constant then
( ) --------(2)

⇨ from (1) ⇨
Now, ⇨ from ( 2)

29. A series LCR circuit is connected to an a.c. source having voltage V = VOsinωt.

Using phasor diagram, derive expressions for impedance, instantaneous current and its phase relationship
to the applied voltage. Also draw graphs of V and I versus ωt for the circuit.
[ Ans. AC through LCR circuit :
We have the applied a.c. voltage
-------(1)
From phasor diagram

√ ( ) √( ) ( ) √ ( )

⇨
√ ( )

Obviously, effective resistance of the circuit, known as

impedance is given by

√( ) ( )

Obviously, ( ) ----(2)

Where,

⇨ ( )
From (1) & (2) we conclude that current in the circuit
leads the voltage in phase by .
30. Derive an expression for the force per unit length between the two infinitely long straight parallel
current carrying conductors. Hence define S.I. unit of current.

[ Ans. Magnetic field due to conductor ‘1’ at any point on conductor ‘2’

=
By right hand rule ⃗⃗⃗⃗ will act perpendicular to conductor ‘2’ and into
the plane of the paper
Due to this magnetic field force on length of wire ‘2’
= =( )
⇨ =
Similarly, force on length of wire ‘1
= =( ) =

⇨ = =
Hence force per unit length

= = -----------(1)

By Fleming’s left hand rule ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ will act towards conductor ‘1’ and
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ will act towards conductor ‘2’. Obviously the two conductors will
attract each other
If the currents are in opposite directions, then there will be repulsion
between the two conductors

. Definition of 1 Ampere : CBSE (AI)-2014

One Ampere is the current which when flowing through each of the two infinite long
straight parallel conductors placed one meter apart from each other in free space will exert a force of X per
meter of their length
 OR

Derive an expression for the torque acting on a rectangular current carrying loop kept in a uniform magnetic field B.
(i) Indicate the direction of torque acting on the loop. CBSE (AI)-2015,(D)-2013,(F)-2009
(ii) If the loop is free to rotate, what would be its orientation in stable equilibrium ?
[ Ans. Let a loop is suspended in a uniform magnetic field as shown

|⃗⃗⃗ | |⃗⃗⃗⃗ | ( )
By Fleming’s left hand rule, ⃗⃗⃗ & ⃗⃗⃗ are equal & opposite and acts along
the same line of action. Hence their resultant become s zero

|⃗⃗⃗⃗ | |⃗⃗⃗ |
By Fleming’s left hand rule, ⃗⃗⃗ & ⃗⃗⃗ are equal & opposite but acts along
the different line of action. Hence they form a couple known as
deflecting couple.
Torque of the couple
magnitude of either force perpendicular distance
( )
⇨
For a coil having N turns

⇨ ( )
⇨ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗
Where is the magnetic dipole moment
(i) Direction of Torque is perpendicular to the direction of area of loop as well as direction of magnetic field
i,e, along (⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ )
(ii) The current loop will be in equilibrium when , i,e, when , i,e, when dipole moment ( ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ) is in the
direction of magnetic field (⃗⃗⃗ )

31. Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths-

(i) are used to treat muscular strain

(ii) are used by a F.M. radio station for broadcasting

(iii) are used to detect fractures in bones

(iv) are absorbed by ozone layer of the atmosphere

Identify the name and part of electromagnetic spectrum to which these radiations belong. Arrange these
wavelengths in order of magnitude.

[ Ans. (i) Infrared rays (ii) radio waves (iii) x- rays (iv) UV rays, , ,> >
32. Derive Snell’s law on the basis of Huygen’s wave theory when light is travelling from a rarer to a denser
medium/ Denser to rarer medium.
[ Ans. Explanation of refraction on the basis of Huygen’s wave theory

Let a plane wavefront AB is incident on a refracting surface XY as shown. By the Huygens’s principle,
in the time ( ) disturbance reaches from B to C, secondary wavelets from A must have spread over a hemisphere
of radius t. Hence tangent CD be the refracted wavefront
⁄
Obviously, = = = = constant
⁄
This is Snell’s law of refraction

33. Derive mirror formula for concave mirror.

[ Ans. Derivation of mirror formula:

and are similar

= -----------(1)

and are also similar

= ----------(2)

⇨ from equation (1) and (2)

=
–( )
⇨ ( )
= ⇨ = ⇨ =
⇨
Dividing by on both sides we get, = +
⇨ 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒇 𝒖 𝒗
34.
(i) Using photon picture of light, show how Einstein’s photoelectric equation can be established.

(ii) Write three salient features observed in photoelectric effect which can be explained using this equation.

[ Ans. (i) In the photon picture, energy of light is assumed to be in the form of photons, each carrying an energy
Einstein assumed that-
(a) Photoelectric emission is the result of interaction of a photon of incident radiation and a bound electron of
metal surface
(b) When a photon falls on a metal surface, the energy of a photon is completely absorbed by an electron and is
partly used as work function and rest is carried as its kinetic energy
i,e, , W
⇨ W [ W ]

⇨ ( )
This is Einstein’s photoelectric equation
(ii) Three salient features explained by the Einstein’s photoelectric equation
(a) Existence of threshold frequency
In the equation ( )
If , will be negative, which is not possible. Hence must be greater than
(b) The K.E. of photoelectrons is independent of intensity of incident light.
(c) The K.E. of photoelectrons increases with the frequency of incident light

35.Using Gauss’s law, deduce the expression for the electric field due to uniformly charged spherical
conducting shell of
radius R at a point (i) outside and (ii) inside the shell.
Plot a graph showing variation of electric field as a function of r > R and r< R.

[ Ans. (i) Outside the shell ( )

Let us consider the Gaussian surface as shown
by Gauss’s law, ∮ ⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⇨ ∮
⇨ ∮
⇨ ( )

⇨ =
(ii) Inside the shell ( )
Let us consider the Gaussian surface as shown
By Gauss’s law

∮ ⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
But, charge inside the spherical shell, i,e, q = 0
⇨ ∮
⇨
 OR
State Kirchhoff’s rules. Use these rules to write the expressions for the currents I 1 , I2 and I3 in the circuit
diagram shown then find the potential across r 2 .
[ Ans. Kirchhoff’s Rules :
(i) Junction rule :The algebraic sum of all the currents meeting at any junction in an electric circuit is zero.
i,e, ∑ =
⇨ + = +
This rule is based on the conservation of charge.

(ii) Loop rule : In any closed mesh of an electric circuit, the algebraic sum of the products of the currents and the
resistance in each part of the mesh is equal to the algebraic sum of emf’s in that mesh.
i,e, ∑ ∑
In mesh (1),
=
Similarly, in mesh (2)
+( ) =
This rule is based on the conservation of energy

V2= I2Xr2=7/13 X3 = 21/13=1.61 V

36. State Biot – Savart law and express this law in the vector form. ‘

Using Biot-Savart law, deduce the expression for the magnetic field at a point (x) on the axis of a circular current
carrying loop of radius R. How is the direction of the magnetic field determined at this point?

[ Ans. Magnetic field due to a current carrying loop at a point on its axis : CBSE (F)-2017,(AI)-2016
According to Biot-Savart’s law the magnetic
field at P due to current element ⃗⃗⃗⃗ at C

⇨
Resolving ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in to horizontal and vertical
Components, resultant magnetic field at P

∫ ∫ ∫

⇨ ( )( )

⇨ ( )

( )

For a coil of N turns

( )

Direction of this magnetic field can be determined by the right hand thumb rule
 OR

Draw a neat labelled diagram of a cyclotron. State the underlying principle of a cyclotron. Show that time period of
ions in cyclotron is independent of both the speed of ion and radius of circular path. Also obtain an expression for
maximum kinetic energy gained by the particle.
[ Ans. Cyclotron : It is a device used to accelerate charged particles or ions to very high energies.
Principle : A charged particle can be accelerated to very high energy, by making it to pass through a small region of
oscillating electric field again and again with the help of a strong perpendicular magnetic field.
Working :
Due to electric field particle enters in a Dee where it moves
along a circular path due to normal magnetic field. At the moment
particle comes out of a Dee, polarities of the Dees get reversed and
particle is further accelerated to enter in another Dee and follows a
circular path of larger radius with higher speed. This process goes on
continuously, till the particle acquires sufficient speed and is taken out
with the help of a deflection plate

=
⇨ =

⇨ T= ⇨ = =

Hence, time period or cyclotron frequency is

independent of both the speed of ion and radius of circular
path
Maximum K.E. : for maximum velocity we have,

= ⇨
/m
⇨ = (

)
37. Derive expression for the lens maker’s formula using necessary ray diagrams.

=( )( )

Also state the assumptions in deriving the above relation and the sign conventions used.

[ Ans. For the refraction at the interface ABC,

( )
= ---------(1)

For the refraction at ADC, image will act as an

imaginary object and if the lens is very thin, then
( )
= ---------(2)

on adding (1) & (2) we get

=( )( )
( )
⇨ = ( )

⇨ =( )( )

But when then

⇨ =( )( )

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= (𝒏𝟐𝟏 𝟏) (𝑹 )
𝒇 𝟏 𝑹𝟐
Assumptions used :
(i) lens used is very thin.
(ii) Aperture of the lens is very small
(iii) Object is a point object placed at the principal axis.
(iv) All the rays are paraxial.
New Cartesian sign conventions used :
(i) All distances are measured from the optical centre of the lens
(ii) Distances measured in the direction of incident ray are positive
(iii) Distances measured in the opposite direction of incident ray are negative.
 OR
Derive an expression for path difference in Young’s double slit experiment and obtain the conditions for constructive
and destructive interference at a point on the screen. Hence find the expression for fringe width. Also draw a graph
showing the variation of intensity in the interference pattern.

[ Ans. Let ‘S ‘ be a monochromatic source of light of wavelength

The path difference
=
Now, = +( ) [ ( ) ]

⇨ ( )( )= + + – + =
⇨ = ( )
If point P is very close to point O then

⇨ = ( )
=
For constructive interference at P
= where = 0,1,2,3,------
⇨
⇨ for bright fringe,
For destructive interference at P
=( ) where = 1,2,3,---------
⇨ ( )
( )
⇨ for dark fringe,
Fringe width
Width of a dark fringe
( ) 𝑫𝝀
= = = = ⇨ 𝜷=
𝒅

Width of a bright fringe

( ) [ ( ) ] ( ) ( )
= =
( ) ( ) 𝑫𝝀
𝜷=
= ⇨ 𝒅