PTE Academic Ew

2018
ENGLISH WORLD
ULTIMATE GUIDE TO CRACK

PTE ACADEMIC
ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA

HELPLINE-9416821236
PTE MADE EASY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Blessed are those who have blessings of the God, the company of helping and
considerate family members, passionate friends and well-wishers. In this regard, I
perceive that we are blessed too.
While writing these contents, our family members always supported us, and helped
us to complete this project by sparing us from the mundane routine of life. This
project would not have seen the daylight, if they had not cooperated.
The name of Mr. Ajay Mandhra always comes first in our minds when we think of
acknowledging someone as he is the one who has always stood by us in this journey
of writing these contents. His knowledge of computer and AUTO CAD has made
these contents interesting.
Our closed friends and the staff assisting us have always been an inspiring force to
write these contents. Especially Mr. Satyender Garg, Mr.Gurdev Mr. Satish Mr.
Akhil verma, Ms Jyoti and Ms Ritu, Ms Shanu, Ms Vandana Ms Neha have always
motivated us a lot to complete the contents. Their contributions cannot be
reciprocated in any way through this acknowledgement; we want to thank them
from the bottom of our hearts.
We have been in the profession of teaching English language for 12 years, during
our teaching experience, we have learnt a lot from our students who come from
different walks of life and varied levels of knowledge. We acknowledge their
contribution in making us established PTE TRAINERS.
In Last but not least, a ton of thanks to various English language websites which
have enriched our knowledge, and we were able to think of taking up this our
dream project. Besides, various English Apps were also helpful in completing this
Task.
Thanks to one and all, who have not been mentioned, but we understand their
indirect contribution in completing these contents.
ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA

Directors (Academic)
ENGLISH WORLD
Kurukshetra
Helpline-94168-21236
ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 2

PTE MADE EASY
Message fom the authors
If you are preparing for your PTE or any other English

exam then you know how difficult it is to score well
in these exams.
Here at ENGLISH WORLD, all the students get the

easiest and most effective strategies and resources
(writing, speaking, listening, and reading) to bring
out impressive accomplishments from them. Our PTE
preparation material is not like traditional
resources.It has been prepared after observing the
issues and concerns of common students about PTE
and other English tests.
It is hopefully believed that students of all the levels

will find the contents of this book worth reading.
All the best to students for their endevours.

PTE MADE EASY
SPELLINGS &VOCABULARY
IMPORTANCE OF KNOWING SPELLINGS AND DIFFERENT WORDS
Learning different words becomes essential, when someone wants to have mastery
over the language, other than his mother tongue. Specifically, the students who are
appearing for PTE must know the common and uncommon words of English
language, as a certain percentage of grading depends on the appropriate usage of
lexical resource.
As all the words of English language may be difficult to learn, it is imperative to

learn at least 800-1000 words which are important to communicate in English
language.
Keeping in view the levels of common students, in the first section, some of the
common and uncommon words are presented in different parts with usage and
examples to enhance the spelling power and lexical resource of the students.

PTE MADE EASY
IMPORTANT SPELLINGS FOR PTE/IELTS

Days of the week:
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday, Weekend
Months of theyear:
January, February, March, April, May, June, July August ,September, October, November,
December
Money matters:
cash, debit, credit card, cheque, in advance, annual fee, monthly membership, interest rate,
deposit, tuition fees, poverty, bank statement ,money management, current account, student
account, withdraw, low-risk investment, mortgage, grace period, budget deficit ,retail
voucher, coupon, counterfeit money, public money, taxpayers’ money, debt, interest-free
credit, purchase, partial refund, annuity, non-refundable, MasterCard, VISA,
distribution costs, income, finance department, family finances, duty-free store.
Subjects:
science, politics, history, biology, architecture, law, geography ,archaeology,
literature, business management, agriculture, statistics, mathematics, logic, physics,
psychology, anthropology, economics, philosophy, performing arts, visual arts, chemistry,
humanities
Studying at college/university:
Course outline, group discussion, handout, written work, report writing,
research, Proofreading, experiment, experience, reference, textbook, dictionary,
laptop, printer, student advisor, teamwork , module, topic, assessment, library, department,
computer centre, classroom, lecture, tutor, main hall, attendance, deadline, give a talk,
speech, computer laboratory, certificate, diploma, placement test, overseas students, full-
time, facilities, college, dining room, specialist, knowledge, international, accommodation,
home stay, primary, secondary, intermediate, media room, resources room, staff,
commencement, dissertation ,leaflet, faculty, pupils, pencil, feedback, tasks, outcomes,
advanced, introductory, extra background, higher education, guidelines, post-secondary,
supervisor, bachelor's degree, compound, vocabulary, student support services,
student retention, publication, foreign students, schedule, school reunion, registrar’s
office, stationery.
Marketing:
catalogue, interview, newsletter, competition, TV program, strategies, research method,
entertainment industry, leadership, management, display, products, customer, special offer,
collecting data, questionnaire, survey, mass media, statistics, profit margin, poll, business
card, training, trainee, merchandise, manufacture, recruitment.

PTE MADE EASY
Health: yoga, tai-chi, keep-fit, salad bar, vegetarian, outdoor activities, leisure time,
disease, meal, protein, balanced diet, food pyramid, vitamin, carbohydrates, rice,
pasta, potatoes, pizza, tomatoes, bread, cereals, minerals, zinc, meat, seafood, eggs,
beans, milk, cheese, yoghurt, fruit, vegetables, citrus fruits, green pepper, black
current, nuts, egg yolk, liver, medicine, treatment, remedy, nursing care, nursery, regular
exercise.
Nature:
field, footbridge, environment, waterfall, river, mountain, forest, village, coast, reef, lake,
valley, hill, cliff, island, peninsula, earthquake, avalanche, tornado ,typhoon, desertification,
volcano, disaster, catastrophe, erosion, landslides, storm ,flood, hurricane, pond, jungle,
oasis, dam, canyon
The environment:
greenhouse effect, acid rain, global warming, carbon dioxide, burning fossil, exhaust
fumes, deforestation, nitrogen oxide, smog, climate, pollution, temperature, power
plants, landfill, cattle, wind turbine, soar power, hydroelectric power, renewable, source of
energy, reliable, solarpanels, environmentally friendly ,oxygen, chemical-free, desert,
degradation, vegetation, sea level, oceancurrents, conditioner, coal, fossil fuels, firewood,
drought,contaminated.
The animal kingdom:
birds of prey, seabirds, poultry and game, mammals, cetacean, whale, primates, rodents, fish,
amphibian, reptile, insects, octopus, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, livestock,
creature, lion,penguin,
Plants:
Mushroom, fungus, leaves, seed, core, bark, trunk, twig, branch, flower, stem, roots, cluster,
fertilizer
Continents:
South America, North America, Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia and Antarctica
Countries:
Egypt, Mexico, France, Indonesia, Turkey, England, Germany, China, Greece, Brazil, India,
North Korea, India, Malaysia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Singapore, Switzerland , United
Kingdom, Italy, the Dominicanrepublic, the Philippines Denmark.
Languages:
Linguistics, bilingual, trilingual, polyglot, Portuguese, Mandarin, Bengali, Chinese,
Hindi, Russian, Japanese, German, Punjabi, Thai, Persian, Filipino, French, Italian, Greek,
French,

PTE MADE EASY
Architecture and buildings:

Dome, palace, fort, castle, glasshouse, pyramid, long cabin, lighthouse, hut, skyscraper,
sculpture,
Homes:
semi-detached house, duplex, terraced house, town house, row house, bungalow,
thatched cottage, mobile home, houseboat, block of flats, apartment building, condominium,
chimney, bedroom, basement, landlord, tenant, rent, lease, neighborhood, suburb, sofa,
coffee table, dormitory, storey, kitchen, refrigerator, microwave, ground floor, oven, hallway,
insurance
In the city:
cities, street, lane, city centre, central station, car park, department store, bridge, temple,
embassy, roadsystem, hospital, garden, avenue,
Workplaces:
Clinic, dentist, reception, appointment, staff selection, colleague, workshop, showroom,
information desk, employer, employment, unemployed, technical cooperation, team leaders,
stress, ability, vision, confidence, employee, internship
Rating and qualities:
Reasonable, satisfactory, dangerous, safe, strongly recommended, poor quality, satisfied,
disappointed, efficient, luxurious, colored, spotted, striped, expensive, cheap
Touring:
tourist guided tour, ticket office, souvenir, trip, guest, reservation, view ,culture,
memorable, single double bedded room, picnic, tourist attraction, hostel, suite,
aquarium,
Verbs:
train, develop, collect, supervise, mark, edit, revise, exhibit, donate, surpass, register,
support, hunt, persuade, concentrate, discuss, suggest, arrange, borrow, immigrate, review,
learn, touch.
Adjectives:
energetic, social, ancient, necessary, fantastic, exciting, fabulous, dull, comfortable,
convenient, suitable, affordable, voluntary,temporary, permanent, Immense, vast,
salty, extinct, vulnerable, pessimistic, optimistic, realistic, practical,
knowledgeable, flexible, confident, Western, intensive, tranquil, spectacular, intact, various

PTE MADE EASY
Hobbies:
caving, archery, ice skating, scuba-diving, snorkeling, skateboarding, bowls, darts, golf, billiards,
photography, painting, pottery, woodcarving, gardening, stamp collection, embroidery,
climbing, chess,parachute
Sports:
cricket, baseball, basketball, rugby, soccer, American football, hockey, swimming, tennis,
squash, badminton, ping-pong, field, court, pitch, stadium, team, the discus, the
javelin, the hammer, the high jump, horse racing, show jumping, polo, cycling,
gymnasium, athlete, gym, extreme sports, paragliding, hang-gliding, skydiving,
boarding, white-water rafting, kite surfing, mountain biking, jogging, press-up,
push-up, barbell, treadmill, judo, recreation, snooker, walking, championship,
Canoeing, refreshment
Shapes:
Square, rectangular, triangular, polygon, Oval, spherical, spiral, circular, curved, cylindrical
Measurement
Width, length, altitude, imperial system, metric system, Mass, depth, breadth, height,
three dimensions, frequency
Transportations:
cargo plane, shipment, container ship, boat, lifeboat, ferry, hovercraft, hydrofoil, liner,
canal boat, narrow boat, dinghy sailing, sailboat, paddle steamer, cabin cruiser, rowing boat,
rowboat, kayak, canoe, punt, gondola, aircraft, helicopter, seaplane, airship, hot-air balloon,
airport, crew, passenger, platform, hire acar, automobile
Vehicles:
double-decker bus, single-decker, minibus, school bus, coach, truck, tanker, van, lorry,
transporter, forklift truck, tow truck, breakdown truck, pickup, jeep, caravan, camper, tractor,
taxi, cab, tram, underground, subway, stream train, freight train, goods train,
Weather:
humid, hot, sticky, breeze, chilly, cold, cool, dry, dusty, freezing, hot, warm, wet, weather
forecast, antenna, moisture,
Places:
local library, swimming pool, cafeteria, cottage, parliament, accommodation, restaurant,
canteen, cafe, bookshop, sports centre, city council, dance studio, park,
conversation club, kindergarten
Equipment and tools:
Helmet, light, musical instrument, cassette, silicon chip, digital monitor, gadget,
device, screen, breaks, wheels, mechanical pencil, disk, backpack

PTE MADE EASY
The arts and media:

Opera , Orchestra , concert , symphony, the press, conductor, vocalist, audience, festival,
carnival, exhibition, classical music, theatre, cinemas, art gallery, museum, ballet, television,
radio, graphics , newspaper
Materials:
fur, metal, steel, aluminum, copper, rubber, plastic, ceramics, glass, cement, stone, textile,
cotton, fabric, wool, leather, bone, paper, lumber/wood, glue, composite, fiberglass, concrete,
wax, paper, wood, silver, gold, feather
Worksandjobs:
occupation, profession, designer, decorator, architect, engineer, manager, waitress, waiter,
teacher, vacancy, professor, specialist, psychologist volunteer, freelance, secretary, craftsman
,work experience, curriculum vitae, mail address, receptionist, pilot, guard, flight attendant,
lecturer ,office assistant, clerk, accountant, cashier,captain
Colour:
Blue, white, orange, green, grey, black, red, yellow, purple, brown, pink
Expressions and time:
three times, three times per week, a gap year, full-time, part-time, midday, midnight,
millennium, century, decade, fortnight.
Other:
passport photo, state, government, individual, variety, private sector, ,practice, gender,
creativity, original inhabitant, indigenous, demonstration, strike, entrance, circuit,
guarantee, dialogue , commerce, carriage, narrative, chocolate, satellite, decision,
fulfillment,activity,recipient, ultrasound, pedestriansafety, traffic jams, procedures, creation,
junior senior, opportunity, driving license, process, literary, man-made, republicans,
umbrella, frequently updated, waiting list, sewer systems, liberal
democracy, democrats, lunar calendar, libertarian, burger, videos, nature
conservation, life expectancy, fund-raising event, magnet, dialect, ramification,
straight, farewell, welfare, Encyclopedia, evolution, revolution, illiteracy, robot,
proﬁciency, client.

PTE MADE EASY
IMPORTANT VOCABULARY FOR PTE

WORDS MEANING ENGLISH SENTENCE
Diligent Hard-working All of my friends are not diligent by nature.
Wilt Collapse Sales wilted within a space of 12 months.
Indolent Lazy Technology has made us indolent.
Abandon To give up Railway abandoned its building as it was in depilated condition.
Cite Quote To cite an example, internet has solved some of our problems.
Besiege Surround We are usually besieged by unusual problems.
Conducive Suitable Blue Ocean is a conducive place for learning English.
Marvelous Wonderful Diligent nature always to marvelous results.
Morbid Diseased Animals sometimes make people morbid.
Paradigm Example To cite a paradigm, television improve the personality of people.
Repercussion Reaction Unemployment has many repercussions in the society.
Entice Tempt I usually get enticed by fashionable clothes.
Severe Rigid People do not endorse severe rules and regulations.
Modish Stylish Nowadays, modish clothes are in.
Restoration Reestablish Restoration of peace is the prime responsibility of government.
Impeccable Faultless Impeccable work is always appreciated.
Paramount Supreme Providing safety to people is the paramount duty of government.
Licentious Immoral Vulgarity in media leads to licentious lifestyle.
Simon-pure Genuine Nowadays, it has become hard to get simon-pure products.
Ambience Environment The ambience of restaurant was splendid to enjoy the evening.
Exhausted Tired After having a busy schedule, he got terribly exhausted.
swamped As busy as bee Nowadays, people’s lifestyle is swamped owing to hectic
Denounce Talking publicly Parents usually denounce their children
Rap Criticize The supreme court rapped the strike of teachers.
Specious Insincere Specious efforts never leads to good results
Profound Deep He has a profound knowledge of cooking.
Foster Nurture Parents must foster the good habits among their children

PTE MADE EASY
Filthy Dirty Nobody likes filthy ambience.

Nostalgic Homesick Students become nostalgic when they go abroad.
Oversee Supervise Parents must oversee the activities of their children
Deceive Mislead, cheat We should not deceive ourselves at least
Prerogative Privilege It is the prerogative of parliament to change the obsolete laws.
Radiant Bright Women usually like radiant colours.
Hoodlum Criminal Violence in media has intensified hoodlum activities in society.
Spasmodic Intermittent The stale food resulted in spasmodic pain in the stomach.
Maunder Wander Nowadays Young people maunder around in their leisure time.
Dowdy Weird Nobody likes wearing dowdy clothes.
Reckless Rash Reckless driving has become a fashion among young people.
Contemplative Thoughtful Conentemplative decisions brings better results in life.
Nepotism Favoritism Politicians usually follow nepotism.
Liberal Generous Liberal policies of the government make people happy.
Interim Temporary The government provided interim relief to the poors.
Hood-wink Deceive Some politicians try to hood-wink people by making false claims.
Rampant Prevalent Corruption is rampant in all walks of life
Dexter Skillful Companies always look for dexter employees.
Inept Novice/unskillful It becomes difficult for inept people to find suitable jobs.
Arrogant Adamant Nowadays, children have become arrogant.
Acquiesce Agree I do not acquiesce to the given statement.
Decry Disagree I decry the given statement.
Endorse Support I do not endorse the given statement.
Zenith Top most Sales touched their zenith in the year 2004.
Nadir Lowest Sales were at nadir in the year 2004.
Exhibit To display The bar graph exhibits sales of computers for a 4-year period.
Maze Proverb The following maze will prove my point of viw
Optimist Positive We should always be optimist.
Pessimist Despondent We should never be pessimist.

PTE MADE EASY
Aberration A change There has been an aberration in the lifestyle of people.
Inflation A rise in price The rate of inflation is rising day by day.
Sedentary Comfortable Technology has made people’s lives sedentary.
Paragon perfect example Sachin is a paragon of playing technical cricket
Candor Straight forward We must be candor in our dealing with others.
Erudite Scholar The main role of education is to make people erudite.
Amazing Surprising Amazingly, Sales of computers and mobiles remained same.
Evidence Proof The evidence given by witness was not trustworthy.
Ruckus Loud noise There was a ruckus in the parliament suddenly.
Stupendous Splendid His performance remained stupendous throughout the year.
Assiduous Hard work Indians are usually assiduous by nature.
Abhor Hate We must abhor bad habits.
Astonish Surprising Astonishingly, sales jumped by 800% during the given period.
Abate Reduced Sales abated owing to weak demand.
Gregarious Friendly Most of my friends are gregarious by nature.
Comprehend Understand I was able to comprehend his point of view.
Concrete Solid His concrete suggestions helped people grow their income
Dissuade To discourage The government is dissuading people to use paper money.
Assent/conse Agree I give my assent to the given statement.
nt
Dissent Disagree Therefore, I dissent to the given statement.
Despondent Pessimist People become despondent, when their aspirations are not met.
Panacea universal There is no panacea for the problems of poor people.

amiable Friendly My friends are amiable by nature.
appease Satisfy , gratify Parents sometimes have to appease their children to the core.
avarice Greedy Materialistic lifestyle makes us avrice.
chide Mild scolding Parents keep chiding their children in order to improve them.
deride To make fun We should not deride others unnecessarily.
elated Proud and joyful I got elated when I received my favourite gift.
enmity Deep ill – will Violence creates enmity among different sects of the society.

PTE MADE EASY
ESSENTIAL VERBAL PHRASES FOR PTE/IELTS

Phrasal Verb Meaning Example
abide by To respect or obey a If you want to keep your job here, you
decision, a law or a must abide by our rules.
rule
appeal to  To plead or  He appealed to the court to change its
make a decision.
request  A vacation of sunbathing doesn’t
 To be appeal to me.
attractive or
interesting
bank on To base your hopes I’m banking on you to help with the
on something / charity event.
someone
break into To enter by force Burglars broke into my car last night.
call back To return a phone Could please call back in ten minutes?
call
call off To cancel The game was called off because of
bad weather.
calm down To become more It took Kylie several hours to calm
relaxed, less angry down after she saw the accident.
or upset
carry on To continue The soldiers carried on walking in
order to get to their post before dark.
check in To register at a They said I must check in at least three
hotel or airport hours before my flight.
clam up To refuse to speak When the police started asking
questions, the suspect clammed up.
clamp down on To act strictly to The local authorities have decided to
prevent something clamp down on illegal parking in handicapped
parking places.
come forward To present oneself Has the owner of the winning lotto
ticket come forward?
count on To rely or depend You can count on me to keep your
on (for help) secret.
cut down on To reduce in I’ve decided to cut down on the
number or size amount of sweets I eat.
deal with To handle, take care Catherine is not good at dealing with
of stress.
drop in To visit, usually on Why don’t you drop in to see us on

PTE MADE EASY
the way somewhere your way home?
drop out To leave school Rohit dropped out of college and

without finishing joined the army.
ease off To reduce, become Traffic usually eases off about 7pm
less severe or slow
down (pain, traffic,
work)
end up To finally reach a If you don’t improve your work habits,
state, place or you’ll end up being fired.
action
figure out To understand, find He’s trying to figure out how to earn
the answer enough money to go on the trip to Spain.
fill out To complete (a Please fill out the enclosed form and
form/an return it as soon as possible.
application)
find out To discover I’m going to find out who’s
responsible.
focus on To concentrate on Tom had difficulty in focusing on work
something the day before his holiday started.
get along (with) To be on good It’s important to get along with your
terms; work well team supervisor.
with
get away To escape I think we should get away for the
weekend.
get out of To avoid doing Neha is trying to get out of working the
something night shift.
get over To recover from Has she gotten over the flu?
(illness,
disappointment)
get rid of To eliminate Please get rid of that old t-shirt. It’s so
ragged.
get together To meet each other Let’s get together for your birthday on
Saturday.
give up To stop doing Morris gave up drinking 10 years ago.
something
go through To experience Andy went through a lot of pain after
his mother died.
hang out To spend time in a Which pub does the team hang out at
particular place or after the game?
with a group of
friends
hang up To end a phone If you hang up now, I’ll never speak to

PTE MADE EASY
conversation you again.
hurry up To be quick, act Hurry up and finish your lunch or we’ll
speedily miss the train.
iron out To resolve by The two countries met at the
discussion, conference to iron out their differences.
eliminate
differences
let down To disappoint I feel so let down because they
promised me a puppy but all I got was a doll.
look after To take care of Andy can you look after your sister
until I get back?
look down on To consider as She’s such a snob. She always looks
inferior down on anyone who is poor.
look for To try to find Harry went to the shop to look for a
something new computer.
look forward to To await I’m looking forward to my birthday.
look up to To admire I always looked up to my father. He

was a great man.
make fun of To laugh at/ make It’s not nice to make fun of people in
jokes about wheelchairs.
make up To invent (excuse, That’s a good excuse. Did you make up
story) it up yourself?
put up To accommodate, I can put you up until the weekend but
give somebody a then I’m going away.
bed
pick up To collect I’ll pick you up at around 7:00 to take
somebody you to the airport.
point out To indicate/direct As I already pointed out, there was a
attention to mistake in your calculation.
something
rely on To count on, You can rely on me. I always arrive on
depend on, trust time.
rule out To eliminate Since he had a sound alibi, the police
ruled him out as a suspect.

PTE MADE EASY
COLLOCATIONS
A collocation is two or more words that often go together.
There are several different types of collocation. Collocations can be adjective +

adverb, noun + noun, verb + noun and so on. Below you can see seven main types
of collocation in sample sentences.
एक संके तन दो या दो से अधिक शब्द हैं जो अक्सर एक साथ जाते हैं ।
कई अलग-अलग प्रकार क े संके तन हैं। Collocations adjective + adverb, संज्ञा + संज्ञा,

धिया + संज्ञा और इसी तरह हो सकता है । नीचे आप नमूना वाक्ोोों में सात मुख्य
प्रकार क
े संके तन दे ख सकते हैं।
1. Adverb + adjective
 Invading that country was an utterly stupid thing to do.

 We entered a richly decorated room.
 Are you fully aware of the implications of your action?
2. Adjective + noun
 The doctor ordered him to take regular exercise.

 The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage.
 He was writhing on the ground in excruciating pain.
3. Noun + noun
 Let's give Mr Satyender a round of applause.

 The ceasefire agreement came into effect at 11am.
 I'd like to buy two bars of soap please.
4. Noun + verb
 The lion started to roar when it heard the dog barking.

 Snow was falling as our plane took off.

PTE MADE EASY
 The bomb went off when he started the car engine.
5. Verb + noun
 The prisoner was hanged for committing murder.

 I always try to do my homework in the morning, after making my bed.
 He has been asked to give a presentation about his work.
6. Verb + expression with preposition
 We had to return home because we had run out of money.

 At first her eyes filled with horror, and then she burst into tears.
 Their behaviour was enough to drive anybody to crime.
7. Verb + adverb
 She placed her keys gently on the table and sat down.
 Mary whispered softly in John's ear.
 I vaguely remember that it was growing dark when we left.
Examples of collocations
1 abstract concept
2 academic achievements
3 academic career
4 academic circles
5 academic community
6 academic skills
7 academic study
8 accept responsibility
9 acceptable behaviour

PTE MADE EASY
10 accurate assessment
11 accurate picture
12 accurate record
13 achieve (a) goal
14 basic element
15 brief period
16 central focus
17 central government
18 central importance
19 direct role
20 immediate response
21 individual case
22 individual characteristics
23 individual choice
24 international organization
25 positive feature
26 provide care
28 provide context
29 racial discrimination
30 take up role
31 target audience

PTE MADE EASY
32 teaching strategy
33 technical aspect
NINE WORDS TO HELP YOU GET GOOD SCORE IN

WRITING AND SPEAKING
1. On par
Definition: equal to someone or something
Speaking example: I’m diligent and I am not afraid of working hard. My grades
last semester were on par with the best students in my class, so I feel it would be
accurate to say I am motivated by success.
Writing example: After looking at both sides of this statement, my opinion is on
par with the idea that strict parental control produces a more productive member
of the society.
2. Volatile
Definition: something unstable/negative in nature, changeable
Speaking example: My professional schedule has been quite volatile this past
year. I have thus found it difficult to maintain hobbies. I tend to exercise when I
can but I wouldn’t say there is a regular pattern to it.
Writing example 1: The figures exhibited volatility between the years 1996 and
2000; however, a reversion to stability is seen in 2002.
Writing example 2: For example, the volatile nature of weather in Caribbean
countries can make tourism unpredictable and therefore unreliable. For these
countries, providing people with greater access to the internet would empower
workers and allow them to both educate themselves and develop online business
in the services sector. Thus, because a varied economy promotes stability, tourism
dependent countries should do what they can to establish other industries.
3. Plateau
Definition: a period of time that shows inactivity/stability
Speaking example: When I first started studying English in Australia, my skills
grew rapidly. However, after I returned to my home country, my language
abilities unfortunately plateaued/hit a plateau. I attribute this to the fact that I
did not have anyone to practice English with.

PTE MADE EASY
Writing example: Following a rapid growth from 60 to 80 barrels in the first

month of 2002, corn oil production hit a plateau of 200 barrels between February
and April.
4. Pique
Definition: to describe something that stimulates interest/ to provoke or arouse
Speaking example: After visiting a science and technology museum as a child, my
interest in computer programming was piqued.
Writing example: Firstly, technology can pique the interests of students in a way
that encourages focus and information retention. For example, modern university
lecture halls make it possible for classroom in Mauritius to use music, video, and
the internet as a means of maintaining the attention of students during class
time.
5. Contrary
Definition: to introduce opposing ideas/ a fact or condition incompatible with
another
Speaking example: Contrary to my personality, my sister is very outgoing and
tends to make friends easily.
Writing example: On the contrary, several disadvantages stem from the use of
technology in the classroom.
6. Parallel
Definition: something that occurs in the same manner/ very similar and often
happening at the same time
Speaking example 1: My university experiences paralleled those of my brother.
(There are clear parallels between my university experiences and that of my
brother)
Writing example: Firstly, several parallels exist between Harry Potter and other
fantasy series. If you like the setting of Lord of the Rings, Harry Potter will not
disappoint you, as it takes place in a medieval world richly populated by both
humans and other forms of intelligent life.
7. Embrace
Definition: something that is accepted willingly and can be used in one’s
advantage.
Speaking example: I embraced the opportunity to study abroad.

PTE MADE EASY
Writing example: Thus it is clear that students who embrace the study of another
language are positioning themselves for future academic and professional
opportunities.
8. Hinder
Definition: hold back/ to make (something such as a task or action) slow or
difficult or weaker
Speaking example: Distraction has definitely been a challenge for me. Being
social, I feel is a big part of university experience. However, being too social can
hinder a student’s ability to focus, and this can directly impact on academic
performance.
Writing example: Furthermore, addressing corruption around the world can bring
protection to the rights of the poor, and this helps better the economic situation
of those in need. For example, corruption in China has historically hindered the
development of a legal system able to protect the poor against extortion.
However, recent anti-corruption campaigns have shed some light on this
problem, and this has led to modest improvement in the rights of those that lack
wealth.
9. Retain
Definition: to keep (someone) in a position, job, etc.
Speaking example: Yes, I believe I will someday. I’ve travelled quite a bit, but I
have always retained a feeling that I would like to live in my home country long
term.
Writing example: If a single language is spoken and taught the world over, this
could make it difficult for people to retain their culture

PTE MADE EASY
BASIC GRAMMAR
We usually learn our mother tongue just by listening to others and sometimes by just
imitating others’ speaking styles. It is a fact that nobody actually learns grammar of his native
language. However, to learn any language other than the native language, we need to know the
basics of grammar of that particular language , which we want to learn.
Learning basics of any language becomes essential, when someone wants to have mastery
over the language. Specifically, the students who are appearing for IELTS,TOEFL, CAE or PTE
must know the basics of English language as a certain percentage of grading depends on the
actual usage of grammar.
As the whole grammar may be difficult to learn, it is imperative to learn at least the parts
of speech, which are important to learn to write and speak correct sentences of English language.
There are basically eight parts of speech like 1. Noun, 2. Pronoun, 3. Verb, 4. Adverb, 5.
Adjective, 6. Preposition, 7. Conjunction, 8. Interjection , but in certain English
speaking countries nine parts of speech are considered as they include article as the ninth part.
In this book, nine parts of speech, their usage with examples and worksheets with
answers for practice are explained systematically.

PTE MADE EASY
BASIC GRAMMAR LESSON -1 (NOUN)

PTE MADE EASY
Definition: The name of person, place or thing is called as a noun. (िकसोी भी

व्यक्तधो, स्थोान और वस् तोु कोे नोाम को सों ज्ञोा कहतोे होै ।
Here are some examples:
 person: man, woman, teacher, Ajay, Sunita, Ranjan, Satyender
 place: home, office, town, India, city, metro , village
 thing: pen, pencil, banana, music, bed, sheet, love, dog, monkey
Another way of recognizing a noun is by its:
 ending
 position
 function
1. Noun ending
There are certain word endings that show that a word is a noun, for example:
 -ity → cruelity
 -ment → management
 -ness → tiredness
 -ation → relation
 -hood → childhood
2. Position in sentence
We can often recognise a noun by its position in the sentence.
Nouns often come after a determiner (a determiner is a word like a, an, the, this, my, such):
 a relief
 an afternoon
 the doctor
 this word
 my house
 such stupidity
3. Function in a sentence
Nouns have certain functions in a sentence, for example:
 subject of verb: Doctors work hard.
 object of verb: He likes coffee.

PTE MADE EASY
 subject and object of verb: Teachers teach students.

Noun Countability
The major division of English nouns is into "countable" and "uncountable".
Countable Nouns
Countable nouns are easy to recognize. They are things that we can count. For example:
"pen". We can count pens. We can have one, two, three or more pens. Here are some more
countable nouns:
pen, pencil, dog, cat, animal, man, person
Uncountable Nouns
Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot divide into separate
elements. We cannot "count" them. For example, we cannot count "milk". We can count
"bottles of milk" or "litres of milk", but we cannot count "milk" itself. Here are some more
uncountable nouns:
music, art, love, happiness, advice, information, news, furniture, luggage, rice,
sugar, butter, water, electricity, gas, power, money, currency
We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular. We use a singular verb. For example:
 This news is very important.
 Your luggage looks heavy.
BASIC GRAMMAR LESSON -2 (PRONOUN)

What is a Pronoun?
Pronoun : a word that takes the place of a noun or represents a noun.
Pronoun: एक शब्द जो एक संज्ञा की जगह लेता है या एक संज्ञा का प्रितिनधित्व करता है ।
Pronouns are small words that take the place of a noun. We can use a pronoun instead of
a noun. Pronouns are words like: he, you, ours, themselves, some, each... If we didn't have
pronouns, we would have to repeat a lot of nouns.
We would have to say things like:

PTE MADE EASY
 Do you like the manager? I don't like the manager. The manager's not friendly.
With pronouns, we can say:
 Do you like the manager? I don't like him. He's not friendly.
In the sentence "Please give this letter to Ajay", we can replace "this letter" with "it" and
"Ajay" with "him", as you see below:
Please give this letter To Ajay.
Please give It To him.
Types of pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Possessive pronouns
Possessive pronouns are used in English to avoid repeating information that is already
clear. In general it makes the sentence less confusing because the same information is not
being repeated.
This book is my book, not your book. (Sounds repetitive)
This book is mine, not yours. (Mine and yours are possessive pronouns)
Examples:
 I didn't have my umbrella so Mamta lent me hers.

(I didn't have my umbrella so Mamta lent me her umbrella).

PTE MADE EASY
Remember that with possessive pronouns there are no apostrophes (').
Demonstrative Pronouns
We use this (singular) and these (plural) to refer to something that is here / near.
Examples:
 This is my pencil. (singular)

 These are our children. (plural)
We use that (singular) and those (plural) to refer to something that is there / far.
Examples:
 That is our office. (singular)

 Those are my shirts. (plural)
Note that the verb changes (i.e. singular / plural) depending on the pronoun that you use.
You can also use Demonstrative Pronouns by themselves:
 Did you do that?

 I'd like to buy these pens.
 Which of those would you like?
near • far ⇒
sing This That
ular ☺
plur These Those
al ☺☺☺
Interrogative Pronouns
We use interrogative pronouns to ask questions. The interrogative pronoun represents
the thing that we don't know (what we are asking the question about).
There are four main interrogative pronouns: who, whom, what, which
Look at these example questions.
Question Answer
Who told you? John told me.
Whom did you tell? I told Mary.
What has happened? An accident has happened.
What do you want? I want coffee.
Which car came first? The Porsche 911 came first.

PTE MADE EASY
Which patient will the doctor see first? The doctor will see the patient in
blue first.
We've found everyone's keys. Whose I found John's (keys).
did you find?
Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive pronouns reflect back on the subject, like a mirror

We use a reflexive pronoun when we want to refer back to the subject of the sentence
or clause. Reflexive pronouns end in "-self" (singular) or "-selves" (plural).
There are eight reflexive pronouns:
reflexive pronoun
Singular myself
yourself
himself, herself, itself
Plural ourselves
yourselves
themselves.
Look at these examples:
non-reflexive REFLEXIVE pronouns
the underlined words are NOT the same the underlined words are the SAME
person/thing person/thing
Ajay saw me. I saw myself in the mirror.
Why does he blame you? Why do you blame yourself?
Ranjan sent him a copy. Gaurav sent himself a copy.
Seema sent her a copy. Rani sent herself a copy.
Reciprocal Pronouns
We use reciprocal pronouns when each of two or more subjects is acting in the same
way towards the other. For example, A is talking to B, and B is talking to A. So we say:
 A and B are talking to each other.
There are only two reciprocal pronouns, and they are both two words:
 each other
 one another
Look at these examples:
 Ram and Seeta love each other.

PTE MADE EASY
 The ten prisoners were all blaming one another.

Indefinite Pronouns
An indefinite pronoun does not refer to any specific person, thing or amount. It is vague
and "not definite". Some typical indefinite pronouns are:
 all, another, any, anybody/anyone, anything, each, everybody/everyone, everything, few,
many, nobody, none, one, several, some, somebody/someone
Most indefinite pronouns are either singular or plural. However, some of them can be
singular in one context and plural in another. The most common indefinite pronouns are listed
below, with examples, as singular, plural or singular/plural.
 Each of the players has a doctor.
 I met two girls. One has given me her phone number.
Relative Pronouns
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is called a "relative"
pronoun because it "relates" to the word that its relative clause modifies. Here is an example:
 The person who phoned me last night is my teacher.
In the above example, "who": relates to "The person", which "who phoned me last
night" modifies
 There are five relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that

PTE MADE EASY
GRAMMAR LESSON -3 (ADJECTIVE)

PTE MADE EASY
What is an Adjective?
Adjective is a word used to describe, point out or specify the number of the person,
animal, place or thing specified in a noun. An adjective is used to incorporate additional meaning
to any noun - to describe the object.
िवशोे षण एक ऐसोा शब्द होै जोो सों ज्ञोा द् वोारोा दशोाोाए गयोे व्यक्तधो, पशोू , सो् थोान योा वस्तोु
कोा िववरण करतोा होै, उसकी ओर इशारा करता है या उसकी संख्या बताता है . Adjective िकसी noun
के साथ जोड़ कर उसकोे अथोा मोेों कोु छ वो क्तधो कोे उद्दोे श्य सोे प्रयोोग िकयोा जोाता होै
.Adjective कोा प्रमोुख उद्दोे श्य noun द्वारा उल्लेक्तखत व्यक्तक्त, प्राणी, स्थान या वस्तु का वणान करना
होता है .
Adjective Order
There are 2 basic positions for adjectives:
1. Before the noun and
2. After some verbs (be, become, get, seem, look, feel, sound, smell, taste)
Adjective Before Noun

We often use more than one adjective before the noun:
 I like big black dogs.
 She was wearing a beautiful long red dress.
Adjective After Verb

An adjective can come after some verbs, such as: be, become, feel, get, look, seem,
smell, sound
Even when an adjective comes after the verb and not before a noun, it always refers to
and qualifies the subject of the clause, not the verb.
Look at the examples below: subject verb adjective
 Ram is Indian.
 Is it getting dark?
 The examination did not seem difficult.

PTE MADE EASY
BASIC GRAMMAR LESSON -4 (VERB)

PTE MADE EASY
What is a verb?
A verb is one of the main parts of a sentence or question in English, and has got a status
of an important part of speech. In fact, one can’t think of a sentence or a question without a verb.
एक धिया अंग्रेजी में एक वाक् या प्रश्न क े मुख्य भागों में से एक है , और भाषण क े एक

महत्वपूणा िहस्से का दजाा प्राप्त िकया है । वास्तव में, कोई धिया क
े िबना िकसी वाक् या प्रश्न कोा
िवचार नहोी ों कर सकतोा होै ।
Types of verbs
Action Verbs
Action verbs express specific actions, and are used any time you want to show action or
discuss someone doing something.
e.g.-He always plays in the afternoon.
Transitive Verbs
These verbs always have direct objects, meaning someone or something receives the
action of the verb.
e.g.-He goes to market.
Intransitive Verbs
No direct object follows an intransitive verb.
e.g.-He laughs.
Auxiliary Verbs
Auxiliary verbs are also known as helping verbs, and are used together with a main verb
to show the verb’s tense or to form a question or negative. e.g.-He is my partner.
Stative Verbs

PTE MADE EASY
Stative verbs can be recognized because they express a state rather than an action. They
typically relate to thoughts, emotions, relationships, senses, states of being, and measurements.
e.g. I am feeling sad.
Modal Verbs
Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that are used to express abilities, possibilities,
permissions, and obligations.
e.g.-He can speak French.
Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal verbs aren’t single words; instead, they are combinations of words that are used
together to take on a different meaning to that of the original verb.
e.g.-He has put on weight.

PTE MADE EASY
BASIC GRAMMAR LESSON -5 (ADVERBS)

What are adverbs?
Adverbs are used to modify verbs. Adverbs can also be used to modify adjectives and
other adverbs. Adverbs are an important part of speech. They usually answer questions such as
how? where? when? how often? and how much?
िधोयािवशोे षण िधोयाओों कोो सों शोिधोत करनोे कोे िलए उपयोोग िकयोा
जोातोा होै िधोयािवशोे षण का उपयोग िवशेषण और अन्य धियािवशेषण को संशोधित करने क े
िलए भी िकया जा सकता है । धियािवशेषण भाषण का एक महत्वपूणा अंग हैं वे आम तौर पर
ऐसे सवालों क
े जवाब दे ते हैं जैसे िक क ै से? कहा पे ? कब? िकतनी बार? और िकतना?
Kinds of Adverbs
Adverbs of Manner
Adverbs of Manner tell us the manner or way in which something happens. They answer
the question "how?". Adverbs of Manner mainly modify verbs.
 He speaks slowly. (How does he speak?)
 They helped us cheerfully. (How did they help us?)
 James Bond drives his cars fast. (How does James Bond drive his cars?)
Adverbs of Place
Adverbs of Place tell us the place where something happens. They answer the question
"where?". Adverbs of Place mainly modify verbs.
 Please sit here. (Where should I sit?)
 They looked everywhere. (Where did they look?)
Adverbs of Time
Adverbs of Time tell us something about the time that something happens. Adverbs of
Time mainly modify verbs.
They can answer the question "when?":
 He came yesterday. (When did he come?)
 I want it now. (When do I want it?)
Or they can answer the question "how often?" (frequency):
 They deliver the newspaper daily. (How often do they deliver the newspaper?)
 We sometimes watch a movie. (How often do we watch a movie?)

PTE MADE EASY
Adverbs of Degree
Adverbs of Degree tell us the degree or extent to which something happens. They answer
the question "how much?" or "to what degree? Adverbs of Degree can modify verbs, adjectives
and other adverbs.
 She entirely agrees with him. (How much does she agree with him?)
 Mary is very beautiful. (To what degree is Mary beautiful? How beautiful is Mary?)
Adverb Position
When an adverb modifies a verb, there are usually 3 possible positions within the
sentence or clause:
1. FRONT - before Now I will read a book.
subject
2. MID - between Often read books.
subject + verb
When an adverb modifies an adjective or another adverb, it usually goes in front of the
word that it modifies, for example:
Adverb Adjective
She Really Dirty look.
gave him a
Adverb Adverb
We Quite Often Study English.
The position of an adverb often depends on the kind of adverb (manner, place, time,
degree).

PTE MADE EASY

PTE MADE EASY
BASIC GRAMMAR LESSON -6 (ARTICLES)

The determiners a/an and the are called "articles". They are the most common of all
determiners. They come at the very beginning of a noun phrase. We divide them into
"indefinite" and "definite" like this:
िनधोोाोाररतकतोाोाओों ए / एक कोो "लोे ख" कहोा जोातोा होै वोे एक
सों ज्ञोा/वोाको्ोाों श कोी बहुत शुरुआत में आते हैं । हम उन्हें "अिनधित" और "िनधित"
इस तरह िवभािजत करते हैं :
Indefinite articles Definite article
a/an The
u singular countable nouns all nouns
se with only
u a non-specific person or specific people or things (singular or
se for thing (singular) plural)
We use indefinite to mean non-specific. We use definite to mean specific. Definite is
particular. When we are talking about something in general, we use a or an. When we are talking
about something in particular, we use the.
Think of the sky at night. In the sky we see MILLIONS of stars and ONE moon. So normally
we would say:
 I saw a star last night.
 I saw the moon last night.
Look at some more examples:
a/an The
I was born in a town. The capital of India is not Paris.
Rohit had an omelet for lunch. I have found the book that I lost.
Tushar ordered a cold drink. Have you cleaned the car?
We want to buy an umbrella. There are six eggs in the fridge.
Have you got a pen? Please switch off the TV when you finish.
Of course, often we can use a/an or the for the same word. It depends on the situation,
not the word. Look at these examples:
 We want to buy an umbrella. (Any umbrella, not a particular umbrella.)
 It's raining! Where is the umbrella? (We already have an umbrella. We are looking for
our umbrella, a particular umbrella.)
Articles with Countable and Uncountable Nouns

PTE MADE EASY
Notice that we use the indefinite article a/an ONLY with singular countable nouns: a dog,
an egg, a very big man, an extremely delicious meal
By contrast, we can use the definite article the with ALL nouns: the dog, the eggs, the big
men, the music, the food, the red wine
It is sometimes also possible to have no article at all—the so-called ZERO article. This can
happen with all nouns (but normally not singular countable nouns): dogs, eggs, hot meals, music,
red wine
The following table shows how we usually use articles with countable and uncountable
nouns.
a/an The ZERO
Co Sing a dog the dog dog
untable ular
Plur a dogs the dogs dogs
al
Uncountable a music the music music
In English, a singular countable noun usually needs an article (or other determiner) in
front of it. We cannot say: I saw elephant yesterday.
We need to say something like:
 I saw an elephant.
 I saw a pink elephant.
 I saw the elephant.
 I saw your elephant.

PTE MADE EASY
BASIC GRAMMAR LESSON -7 (PREPOSITION)

Preposition: a part-of-speech usually coming before a noun phrase and connecting it to
another part of the sentence
The name preposition (pre + position) means "PLACE BEFORE". A preposition typically
comes BEFORE another word—usually a noun phrase. It tells us about the relationship between
the noun phrase and another part of the sentence. Some very common prepositions are: in, of,
on, for, with, at, by.
हमोे ों सों ज्ञोा और वोाक् कोे दोू सरोे भाग कोे बोीच सों बों धो कोे बोारोे मोेों
बतोातोा होै । कोु छ बहुत ही आम व्याख्याएं हैं : में, के,पर, क
े िलए, क
े साथ, पर, द्वारा
PREPOSITIONS - TIME
Englis
Usage Example
h
 On days of the week on Monday
 in months / seasons in August / in winter

time of day in the morning
year in 2006
after a certain period of time (when?) in an hour
 at for night at night

for weekend at the weekend
a certain point of time (when?) at half past nine
 since from a certain point of time (past till now) since 1980
 for over a certain period of time (past till now) for 2 years
 ago a certain time in the past 2 years ago
 Before earlier than a certain point of time before 2004
 to telling the time ten to six (5:50)
 past telling the time ten past six (6:10)
 to / till / marking the beginning and end of a period of from Monday to/till Friday

PTE MADE EASY
Englis
Usage Example
h
until time
 till / until in the sense of how long something is going to He is on holiday until Friday.
last
 By in the sense of at the latest I will be back by 6 o’clock.

up to a certain time By 11 o'clock, I had read five
pages.
PREPOSITIONS - LOCATION
 In room, building, street, town, country in the kitchen, in London
book, paper etc. in the book
car, taxi in the car, in a taxi
picture, world in the picture, in the world
 at meaning next to, by an object at the door, at the station

for table at the table
for events at a concert, at the party
place where you are to do something typical at the cinema, at school, at
(watch a film, study, work) work
 on attached the picture on the wall

for a place with a river London lies on the Thames.
being on a surface on the table
for a certain side (left, right) on the left
for a floor in a house on the first floor
for public transport on the bus, on a plane
for television, radio on TV, on the radio
by, next to, left or right of somebody or something Jane is standing by / next
beside to / beside the car.
 Under on the ground, lower than (or covered by) the bag is under the table
something else

PTE MADE EASY
 below lower than something else but above ground the fish are below the
surface
 over covered by something else put a jacket over your shirt

meaning more than over 16 years of age
getting to the other side (also across) walk over the bridge
overcoming an obstacle climb over the wall
 above higher than something else, but not directly a path above the lake
over it
 across getting to the other side (also over) walk across the bridge
getting to the other side swim across the lake
 through something with limits on top, bottom and the drive through the tunnel
sides
 to movement to person or building go to the cinema

movement to a place or country go to London / Ireland
for bed go to bed
 into enter a room / a building go into the kitchen / the

house
 towards movement in the direction of something (but go 5 steps towards the

not directly to it) house
 onto movement to the top of something jump onto the table
 from in the sense of where from a flower from the garden

PTE MADE EASY
PREPOSITIONS - GENERAL
Engli
Usage Example
sh
 from who gave it a present from Jane
 of who/what does it belong to a page of the book

what does it show the picture of a palace
 by who made it a book by Mark Twain
 on walking or riding on horseback on foot, on horseback

entering a public transport vehicle get on the bus
 in entering a car / Taxi get in the car
 off leaving a public transport vehicle get off the train
 out of leaving a car / Taxi get out of the taxi
 by rise or fall of something prices have risen by 10

travelling (other than walking or horse-riding) percent
by car, by bus
 at for age she learned Russian at 45
 about for topics, meaning what about we were talking about

you

PTE MADE EASY

PTE MADE EASY
BASIC GRAMMAR LESSON -8 (CONJUNCTION)

What is a Conjunction?
Conjunction is a word that joins together words, phrases and clauses
सों योजन एक शब्द होै जोो शब्दोो, वोाको्ोाों शोोों और धोोारोाओों कोो जोोडोतोा
है
A conjunction is a word that connects two parts of a sentence.
संयोजन एक शब्द है जो वाक् के दो िहस्सों को जोड़ता है
 bread and butter (joins two words)
 up the stairs and along the corridor (joins two phrases)
 Ajay likes tea and Akhil likes coffee (joins two clauses)
Here are some other common conjunctions:
 and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so,although, because, since, unless
Types of Conjunctions
 Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two parts of a sentence that are
grammatically equal. The two parts may be single words or clauses, for example:
- Ram and Sham went up the hill.
- I worked hard, but I failed.
 Subordinating conjunctions are used to join a subordinate dependent clause to a
main clause, for example:
- I did not come to English World because I was ill.
Here are some example conjunctions:
Coordinating conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions
and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so although, because, since, unless
The position of Conjunctions in a sentence
 Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that they join.
 Subordinating conjunctions usually come at the beginning of the subordinate clause.
Coordinating Conjunctions
A coordinating conjunction joins parts of a sentence (for example words or independent
clauses) that are grammatically equal or similar. A coordinating conjunction shows that the
elements it joins are similar in importance and structure: There are seven coordinating
conjunctions, and they are all short words of only two or three letters:
 and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so
Look at these examples - the two elements that the coordinating conjunction joins are
shown in square brackets [ ]:

PTE MADE EASY
 I like [tea] and [coffee].
 [Ram likes tea], but [Sham likes coffee].
Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that they join.
When a coordinating conjunction joins independent clauses, it is always correct to place
a comma before the conjunction:
 I want to work as an interpreter in the future, so I am studying Russian at university.
However, if the independent clauses are short and well-balanced, a comma is not really
essential:
 She is kind so she helps people.
The 7 coordinating conjunctions are short, simple words. They have only two or three
letters. There's an easy way to remember them - their initials spell "FANBOYS", like this:
F A N B O Y S
For A N But or Yet So
nd or
Subordinating Conjunctions
A subordinating conjunction is used to link a subordinate clause (also known as
a dependent clause) to the main clause (also known as an independent clause).
In each example below, the main clause is in bold, and the subordinating conjunction is shaded.
 She left early because Mike arrived with his new girlfriend.
 Keep your hand on the wound until the nurse asks you to take it off.
The Function of a Subordinating Conjunction

When a sentence has an independent clause (main clause) and at least one dependent
clause, it is known as a complex sentence. In a complex sentence, the role of the subordinating
conjunction and the dependent clause is to establish a time, a place, a reason, a condition, a
concession, or a comparison for the main clause. The subordinating conjunction provides the
bridge between the main clause and the dependent clause.
Examples of Subordinating Conjunctions

Below are some common subordinating conjunctions in sentences:
As Reason As it's raining, I'm staying in.

Becau
Reason I'm staying in because it's raining.
se

PTE MADE EASY
in In order that I don't miss the postman, I'm

Reason
order that staying in.
Since Reason Since you're going out, I'm staying in.
so I'm staying in so that I don't miss the
Reason
that postman.
Altho concession and
Although it is raining, I would rather go out.,
ugh comparison
concession and
As I'm staying in as I am not well.
comparison
even concession and
I'm staying in even though the sun is out.
though comparison
just concession and
I'm staying in just as you should.
as comparison
Thou concession and
I'm staying in though I wish I weren't.
gh comparison
Wher concession and
I'm staying in whereas you are going out.
eas comparison
While Comparison I'm staying in while you are going out.
even
Condition Even if it rains, I'm going out.
if
If Condition If it rains, I'm staying in.
in
Condition I'm staying in in case it rains.
case
provi
Condition I'm going out provided that it doesn’t rain.
ded that
Unles
Condition I'm going out unless it rains.
s
Wher
Place I fish where the waves start to form.
e
Wher
Place I will live wherever the weather is good.
ever
After Time I'm going out after the football.
as I'm going out as soon as the football has
Time
soon as finished.
as I'm staying out as long as the weather stays
Time
long as good.

PTE MADE EASY
Befor
Time I'm going out before the football.
e
Once Time I'm going out once the football has finished.
Till Time I'm staying out till the weather turns bad.
Until Time I'm staying out until the weather turns bad.
When Time I'm going out when the weather improves.
When
Time I go out whenever the weather is good.
ever
While Time I'll stay out while the weather is good.

PTE MADE EASY
Subordinating Conjunctions and Commas

When a subordinate clause starts a sentence, it is normal to separate it from the main
clause with a comma. For example:
 If you answer my question, I will give you a prize.
When a subordinate clause ends a sentence, you should drop the comma.
 Youth would be an ideal state if it came a little later in life.
A subordinate clause usually gives essential information for the main clause.
Therefore, it should not be separated from it with a comma. However, when a subordinate
clause is at the start of a sentence, a comma is used because it helps readers by letting them
know where the main clause starts.

PTE MADE EASY

PTE MADE EASY
BASIC GRAMMAR LESSON -9 (INTERJECTION)

What is an interjection?
An interjection is a word that expresses some kind of emotion. It can be used as filler.
Interjections do not have a grammatical function in the sentence and are not related to the other
parts of the sentence. If an interjection is omitted, the sentence still makes sense. It can stand
alone.
िवस्मयािदबोोधो एक शब्द होै जोो िकसोी प्रकोार कोी भावनोा व्यधो करतोा
होै । यह भरोाव क े रूप मोेों इस्तोे मोाल िकयोा जोा सकतोा होै इों टरजोे क्शन कोे वोाक्
मोेों एक व्योाकरण समोारोोह नहोी ों है और वोाक् कोे दोू सरोे भागोोों सोे सों बों िधोत
नहोी ों होै ों । यिद कोोई िवरोाम छोोड़ िदयोा जोातोा होै , तोो वोाक् अभी भी समझ में आता
है । यह अके ले खड़े हो सकते हैं
 Ouch! That hurts.
 Well, I need a break.
 Wow! What a beautiful dress!
When you are expressing a strong emotion, use an exclamation mark (!). A comma (,)
can be used for a weaker emotion.
Purposes of Interjections
1. Express a feeling—wow, gee, oops, oh:

 Oops, I’m sorry. That was my mistake.
 Oh, I didn’t know that.
2. Say yes or no—yes, no, nope:
 Yes! I will do it!
 No, I am not going to go there.
 Nope. That’s not what I want.
3.Call attention—yo, hey:
 Yo, will you throw the ball back?
 Hey, I just wanted to talk to you about the previous incident.
4.Indicate a pause—well, um, hmm:
 Well, what I meant was nothing like that.
 Um, here is our proposal.

PTE MADE EASY

PTE MADE EASY
SUMMARY OF PARTS OF SPEECH

The parts of speech explain how a word is used in a sentence.
There are eight main parts of speech (also known as word classes): nouns, pronouns,
adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections.
The eight main parts of speech in English are:
NOUN - (Naming word)

A noun is the name of a person, place, thing or idea.
Examples of nouns: Daniel, London, table, dog, teacher, pen, city, happiness, hope
Example sentences: Steve lives in Sydney. Mary uses pen and paper to write letters.
PRONOUN - (Replaces a Noun)

A pronoun is used in place of a noun or noun phrase to avoid repetition.
Examples of pronouns: I, you, we, they, he, she, it, me, us, them, him, her, this, those
Example sentences: Mary is tired. She wants to sleep. I want her to dance with me.
ADJECTIVE - (Describing word)

An adjective describes, modifies or gives more information about a noun or pronoun.
Examples: big, happy, green, young, fun, crazy, three
Example sentences: The little girl had a pink hat.
VERB - (Action Word)

A verb shows an action or state of being. A verb shows what someone or something is doing.
Examples: go, speak, run, eat, play, live, walk, have, like, are, is
Example sentences: I like Woodward English. I study their charts and play their games.
ADVERB - (Describes a verb)

An adverb describes/modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb. It tells how, where, when,
how often or to what extent. Many adverbs end in –LY Examples: slowly, quietly, very, always,
never, too, well, tomorrow, here
Example sentences: I am usually busy. Yesterday, I ate my lunch quickly.

PTE MADE EASY
PREPOSITION - (Shows relationship)

A preposition shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word. They can indicate
time, place, or relationship.
Examples: at, on, in, from, with, near, between, about, under
Example sentences: I left my keys on the table for you.
CONJUNCTION - (Joining word)

A conjunction joins two words, ideas, phrases or clauses together in a sentence and shows how
they are connected.
Examples: and, or, but, because, so, yet, unless, since, if.
Example sentences: I was hot and exhausted but I still finished the marathon.
INTERJECTION - (Expressive word)

An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses a strong feeling or emotion. It is a short
exclamation.
Examples: Ouch! Wow! Great! Help! Oh! Hey! Hi!
Example sentences: Wow! I passed my English test. Great! – Ouch! That hurt.

PTE MADE EASY
FUNCTIONAL
GRAMMAR
FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR: LESSON -1

TO BE (USE OF IS/AM/ARE, WAS/WERE, WILL BE/SHALL
BE)
TO DESCRIBE SOMETHING

PTE MADE EASY
When we want to describe something, or we want to make sentences which do not

involve any sense of action, the sentences can be formed by using is/am/are in the present sense,
by using was/were in the past sense, and by using will be/shall be in the future sense.
जब हम कु छ का वणान करना चाहते हैं , या हम वाक्ोोों को बनाना चाहते हैं िजसमें धियाओं
की कोई भावना शािमल नही ों है ,
Present sense
 Ajay is my friend.
 I am an English teacher.
 They are my students.
 He is an intelligent student.
 They are football players.
Past sense
 Earlier, I was an engineer.
 We were IELTS students.
 He was ill yesterday.
 They were late today.
Future sense
 In the future, I shall be a director.
 We will be very happy.
 I shall be late tomorrow.
The use of different helping verbs:

SUBJECTS IS/AM/ARE WAS/WERE WILL
BE/SHALLBE
I AM WAS SHALL BE
WE ARE WERE SHALLBE
YOU ARE WERE WILL BE
HE IS WAS WILL BE
SHE IS WAS WILL BE
IT IS WAS WILL BE
THEY ARE WERE WILL BE
SINGULAR IS WAS WILL BE
NOUN
PLURAL ARE WERE WILL BE

PTE MADE EASY
NOUN
We can make negative and interrogative sentences by just adding not with the helping
verbs or shifting the helping verbs before the subjects.
PRESENT PAST FUTURE
IS/AM/ARE WAS/WERE WILL BE/ SHALLBE
HE IS A DOCTOR. HE WAS ILL YESTERDAY. I SHALL BE BUSY .
+) HE IS NOT A HE WAS NOT ILL I SHALLNOT BE BUSY .
DOCTOR. YESTERDAY. SHALL I BE BUSY?
-) IS HE A DOCTOR? WAS HE ILL YESTERDAY?
?)
I AM A NURSE. THEY WERE ABSENT. HE WILL BE A N
+) I AM NOT A THEY WERE NOT ABSENT. ENGINEER.
NURSE. WERE THEY ABSENT? HE WILL NOT BE AN
-) AM I A NURSE? ENGINEER.
WILL HE NOT BE AN
?) ENGINEER?
WE ARE
+) TEACHERS.
WE ARE NOT
-) TEACHERS.
ARE WE
?) TEACHERS?
With the help of this concept, we can describe ourselves and others. For example:
My name is Ashok.
I am from Kurukshetra.
I am an English teacher at Blue Ocean in Kurukshetra.
In the past, I was an engineer in Indian Air Force.
In the future, I shall be a director of Blue Ocean.

PTE MADE EASY
TO HAVE (USE OF HAS/ HAVE, HAD, WILL HAVE/SHALL

HAVE)
TO DESCRIBE POSSESSION/OWNERSHIP/RELATIONSHIP
When we want to describe possessions, the sentences can be formed by using has/have
in the present sense, by using had in the past sense, and by using will have/shall have in the
future sense. These type of sentences are also known as non action sentences, as they have not
any main verb.
जब हम सं पधि का वणान करना चाहते हैं , इन प्रकार के वाक्ोोों को गैर-धिया वाक् कोे रूप
मोेों भी जोानोा जोातोा होै , को्ोोिों क उनकोे पास कोोई मोु ख्य िधोयोा नहोी ों है
Present sense
 Ajay has two cars.
 I have an ink-pen.
 They have a big house.
 He has five pair of shoes.
 I have two blankets.
 We have three jackets.
Past sense
 Earlier, I had an umbrella.
 We had a beautiful bungalow.
 He had a blue car.
 He had two acres land.
 They had two cows.
 My friend had a computer.
Future sense
 In the future, I shall have a big farm house in Delhi.
 We will have two cars.
The use of different helping verbs:

SUBJECTS HAS/HAVE HAD WILL HAVE/
SHALL HAVE
I Have Had Shall have

PTE MADE EASY
We Have Had Shall have
You Have Had Will have
He Has Had Will have
She Has Had Will have
It Has Had Will have
They Have Had Will have
Singular Has Had Will have
noun
Plural noun Have Had Will have
We can make negative and interrogative sentences by just adding not with the helping
verbs or shifting the helping verbs before the subjects.
PRESENT PAST FUTURE
HAS/HAVE HAD WILL HAVE/ SHALL HAVE
He has a He had a car. I shall have a bicycle.
+) clinic.. He had no car. I shall not have a bicycle.
He has no
- ) clinic.
I have a They had laptops. He will have a big house.

+) mobile. They had no laptops. He will not have a big
I have no house.
- ) mobile.
With the help of this concept we can describe ours’ and others’ possessions. For
example:
Kavita has a beautiful house.
NOTE: while making negative and interrogative sentences in the present and past
senses, we can also use do, does and did to show possessions.
For example:
I have not a I have no car. I don’t have a car Do I have a car?
car.
He has not a He has no He doesn’t have a Does he have a car?
pen. pen. car
We had not a We had no We didn’t have a Did we have a
bicycle. bicycle. bicycle. bicycle?

(TO DO)
TO DESCRIBE ACTIONS (TENSES)
Present Simple Tense

PTE MADE EASY
The Present Simple tense is the most basic tense in English and uses the base form of
the VERB). The only change from the base is the addition of S/ES for third person singular. This
tense is used to describe general habits, commands/orders/requests/possessions.
The base structures for this tense are:
(I, you, we, they and plural nouns)Subject + Verb 1 +object
(He, she, it and singular nouns or name) Subject +Verb 1(s/ es )+object
Subject auxiliary verb main verb
I, you, we, Like coffee.
they
He, she, it Likes coffee.
I, you, we, Do N Like coffee.
they ot
He, she, it Does N Like coffee.
ot
Do I, you, we, Like coffee?
they
Does he, she, it Like coffee?
Present Continuous Tense
This tense is used when the action is progressive, that means, we are doing
something.
The base structure for this tense is:
Subject + is/am/are + verb +ing + object
Subject auxili main verb
ary verb
I Am Listening to you.
You Are Reading this.
She Is Not Staying in India.
We Are Not Playing tennis.
Is He Watching TV?
Are They Waiting for Paras ?
Present Perfect Tense

The Present Perfect tense is a rather important tense in English, as it is used when the
action has been completed.
Subject + has/have + verb 3rd + object
S auxiliary verb main verb
ubject
I Have Seen ET.
Y Have Eaten mine.
ou
S Has n Been to
he ot Rome.
W Have n Played footbal
e ot l.
H You finished?

PTE MADE EASY
ave
H They Done it?
ave
Present Perfect Continuous Tense

This tense is a combination of continuous and perfect action. In our daily lives when we
refer time in the progressive action, we can use this tense. The Present Perfect Continuous uses
two auxiliary verbs together with a main verb .The use of for and since is done to clarify time
factor in the action. Since is used to refer definite time, and for is used to refer indefinite time.
Subject + has been/have been + verb + ing + object + since/for + time
auxil auxiliary main
ubject iary verb verb verb
Hav Been Waiting for one hour.
e
Hav Been Talking too much.
ou e
Has Been raining.
t ot
Hav Been Playing football.
e e ot
You Been Seeing her?
ave
They Been Doing their
ave homework?
Past Simple Tense

We can use several tenses and forms to talk about the past, but the Past Simple tense
is the one we use most often, It is used to define our actions in the past, that means what we
did in the past. This can be used for general actions of the past, yesterday, last year, last month,
or any particular year in the past.
There are two basic structures for the Past Simple tense:
1. Positive sentences
Subject + Verb 2nd +object
2. Negative and question sentences
Subject+ did not +Verb 1st +object
Su auxiliary main verb
bject verb
I Went to school.
Y Worked very hard.
ou
Sh Did N Go with me.
e ot

PTE MADE EASY
W Did N Work yesterday.
e ot
Di You Go to London?
d
Di They Work at home?
d
Past Continuous Tense

We use this tense to say what we were doing at a particular moment in the past.
Subject + was/were +Verb + ing + object
Su auxilia main
bject ry verb verb
I Was Watchi TV.
ng
Yo Were Workin hard.
u g
He, Was Not Helping Mary.
she, it
We Were Not joking.
We You Being silly?
re
We They Playing football?
re
Past Perfect Tense
This tense reveals the past actions which have been completed in the past.
The structure of the Past Perfect tense is:
Subject + had +Verb3rd + object
Subject auxilia main
ry verb verb
+ I Had finish my work.
ed
+ You Had stopp before me.
ed
- She Had N Gone to school.
ot
- We Had N left.
ot
? Had You arrive
d?
Past Perfect Continuous Tense

This tense is a combination of continuous and perfect action in the past. In our daily
lives, when we refer time in the progressive action in the past, we can use this tense. The

PTE MADE EASY
Present Perfect Continuous uses two auxiliary verbs together with a main verb. The use of
for and since is done to clarify the time factor in the action. Since is used to refer definite time,
and for is used to refer indefinite time.
Subject + had been + verb + ing + object + since/for + time
The structure of the Past Perfect Continuous tense is:
Subj aux auxiliar mai
ect iliary verb y verb n verb
I Ha Been wor for 2 hrs.
d king
You Ha Been Playi tennis for 15
d ng minutes.
It Ha Been Wor well for 5
d ot king mins..
We Ha Been Expe her since 9’O
d ot cting clock.
Had You Been drin for 15 minutes
king
Had The Been wait for a long
y ing time?
Future Simple Tense

The Future Simple tense involves those actions which are going to be completed in
future:
Subject + will/shall+ verb 1st + object
For negative sentences we insert not between the helping verb and the main verb.
For question sentences, we place helping verb before the subject..
Look at these example sentences with the Future Simple tense:
Subje Helping main verb
ct verb
I Will Open the door.
You Will Finish before me.
She Will n Be at school
ot tomorrow.
We Will n Leave yet.
ot
Will You Arrive on time?
Will They Want dinner?
Future Continuous Tense

The Future Continuous tense is often used in English as a way to talk about something
happening continuously at a given point in the future.
The structure of the Future Continuous tense is:
Subject + will be/shall be+ verb 1st + ing + object

PTE MADE EASY
Look at these example sentences with the Future Continuous tense:

auxil auxil main
ubject iary verb iary verb verb
Will Be Work at 10am.
ing
Will Be Lying on a beach
ou tomorrow.
Will N Be Using the car.
he ot
Will N Be Havin dinner at home.
e ot g
You Be Playi football?
ill ng
They Be Watc TV?
ill hing
Future Perfect Tense

The Future Perfect tense talks about those actions which will have been perfected or
completed in the past.
The structure of the Future Perfect tense is:
Subject + will have/shall have+ verb 3rd + object
Look at these example sentences with the Future Perfect tense:
auxiliary auxiliary main
ubject verb verb verb
Will Have Finishe by 10 am.
d
Will Have Forgott me by then.
ou en
Will Have Gone to school.
he ot
Will Have left.
e ot
You Have arrived
ill ?
Future Perfect Continuous Tense

The Future Perfect Continuous tense looks at the past from the future about those
actions which will have been continuing for some time.
The structure of the Future Perfect Continuous tense is:
Subject + will have/shall have+ verb 3rd + object+ since/for
Look at these example sentences with the Future Perfect Continuous tense:
a auxil auxiliary mai
ubject uxiliary iary verb verb n verb
verb
W Hav Been wo for four
ill e rking hours.
W Hav Been tra for two

PTE MADE EASY
ou ill e velling days.
W N Hav Been usi the car.
he ill ot e ng
W N Hav Been wai long.
e ill ot e ting

PTE MADE EASY

PTE MADE EASY

MODALS
What are modals?
Modals are those auxiliary verbs which are used in sentences in order to make
suggestions, obligations, permissions and probabilities etc.
मोडल सहायक धियाएं हैं िजनका सुझाव, दाियत्व, अनुमितयां और संभावनाएं आिद
के िलए वाक्ोोों में उपयोग िकया जाता है ।
The structures of using modals are:
 Subject + modal + verb 1st + object
 Subject + modal +have+ verb 3rd + object
These structures can easily be comprehended in the following examples:

1.Subject + modal + verb 1st + object
MODAL SUB. + MODAL + VERB 1ST + OBJECT
Can I can speak English.
Could I could lift him.
Should I should speak the truth.
Ought to I ought to respect my parents.
Must We must respect the law.
Would i would go to Delhi.
May it may rain today.
May You may take may pen.
Might I might go to Australia next year.
Is to He is to go to market.
Am to I am to learn French.
Are to They are to cook the food.
Has to He has to learn French daily.
Have to We have to learn English.
Had to I had to sing a song.
Will have to I have help him.
Need to You need to learn grammar.
Used to He used to sleep in the class.
2. Subject + modal + have + verb 3rd + object

MODAL SUBJECT+MODAL + HAVE + VERB 3RD + OBJECT
Could He could have helped me.
have
Should He should have learnt English.
have
Must have He must have gone to Delhi .
Would He would have done his job.
have

PTE MADE EASY

(ACTIVE/PASSIVE)
Why do we need passive voice?
Though using passive voice is less common, the usage of passive voice is quite salient for
number of reasons; such as it is a part of English language, in certain situations, while
communicating, if object comes first in mind, it becomes necessary to use passive voice e.g. The
food was cooked by me.
हालां िक िनक्तक्तय आवाज का उपयोग कम आम है , िनक्तक्तय आवाज का उपयोग कई कोारणोोों
कोे िलए कोाफोी प्रमोु ख होै ; जोै सोे िक यह अों ग् रोे जोी भाषोा कोा एक िहस् सोा होै , कोु
छ क्तसो्थितयो में, संप्रेषण करते समय, यिद वस्तु पहले ही मन में आती है , तो िनक्तक्तय आवाज का
उपयोग करना आवश्यक हो जाता है । उदाहरण क े िलए, भोजन मेरे द्वारा पकाया गया था
How do we make passive sentences from active sentences?
Follow these five rules.
 Convert subject of your active sentence into a new object of passive sentence.
 Convert object of your active sentence into a new subject of passive sentence.
 Change the main verb into third form(past participle).
 Use a new helping verb between new subject and verb according to tense.
 Use a preposition between verb and new object.
ACTIVE---SUBJECT + VERB1/2/3 + OBJECT

I SING A SONG
↘ ↓ ↙
↘ ↓ ↙
↙ ↓ ↘
↙ ↓ ↘
↙ ↓ ↘
A SONG IS SUNG BY ME
PASSIVE----OBJECT+ H.V + V3 + PREPOSITION + SUBJECT
(NEW SUBJECT) (NEW OBJECT)
(Passive helping verbs)
PRESENT PAST FUTURE
INDEFINI Is, am& are Was, were Will be/shallbe
TE
CONTINU Is being, am being & Was being, were No passive
OUS are being being
PERFECT Has been, have been Had been Will have been
PERFECT No passive No passive No passive
CONTINUOUS
CONVERSION OF SUBJECTS
I→me, we→us, you→you, he→him, she→her, it→it, they→them
Look at some examples:

PTE MADE EASY
Subje auxiliary main verb By
ct verb be past participle
I Am Employed By Apple.
You will be Called at 6.
It will have Finished by then.
been
We have been Notified By Head Office.
You are being Transferred next week.
Active and Passive Examples

The table below shows example sentences in active and passive voice for the basic
tenses as well as various other verb forms, including infinitives and participles.
Active Passive
Present He cooks food. Food is cooked by him.
Simple
Present Tushar is helping Tara. Tushar is being helped by Tushar.
Continuous
Present Kid has served dinner. Dinner has been served by kid.
Perfect
Past Simple They didn't fix my phone My phone wasn't fixed by them
yesterday. yesterday.
Past They were interrogating him He was being interrogated.
Continuous
Past they hadn't invited me. I hadn't been invited by them.
Perfect
Future They will hang him at dawn. He will be hanged at dawn by them.
Simple
Future They will have repaired your car. Your car will have been repaired by
Perfect them
Infinitive I don’t want anyone to disturb I don't want to be disturbed by
me. anyone
perfect They seem to have taken it. It seems to have been taken by
infinitive them.
Participle I saw the cat eating it. I saw it being eaten by the cat.
going to Is he going to sing Thriller at the Is Thriller going to be sung at the
party? party?
used to He used to take care of Everything used to be taken care of
everything. by him.
Can They can question him for six He can be questioned for six hours.
hours.
Could It could have badly hurt you. You could have been badly hurt by it.
May The papers say they may release The papers say he may be released.
him.
Might Somebody might buy it. It might be bought by some body
Must Passengers must wear seat belts. Seat belts must be worn by
passengers.
Should have You should have told me. I should have been told by you
ought to They ought to forgive him. He ought to be forgiven by them.

PTE MADE EASY

PTE MADE EASY

(SPECIAL STRUCTURES)
1. S + FEEL LIKE / LOVE / ENJOY / HATE / ABHOR / + Ving + O
I feel like going for a walk in the morning. / I abhor borrowing the money from the others.
2. I LIKE THE WAY + SENTENCE
I like the way you dance. / I liked the way you cooked the food yesterday.
3. S + IS + AM + ARE + ABLE TO + V 1 + O
I am able to convince my friends. / He is able to speak English fluently.
4. S + FIND IT DIFFICULT + TO + V1 + O
I find it difficult to speak English in front of everyone.
5. HELP + S + TO + V1 + O
Help me to learn English. / Help me to write a letter.
6. S + HAS / HAVE + STARTED / STOPPING + Ving + O
I have stopped smoking. / He has started learning English.
7. S + FIGHT SHY OF + Ving + O
I fight shy of asking her name. / He fight shy of riding bicycle.
8. S + IS / AM / ARE / WAS / WERE / WILL BE + FOND OF + Ving + O
I am afraid of playing with dogs. / He is afraid of operating machines.
9. S + IS / AM / ARE / WAS / WERE / WILL BE + IN THE HABIT OF + Ving + O
I am in habit of taking tea in the morning.
10. S + IS + AM + ARE + WAS + WERE + ADDICTED TO + Ving + O
I am addicted to drinking tea. / Children are addicted to watching television.
11. EARLIER , S + USED TO + V1 + O , BUT NO LONGER NOW
Earlier, I used to smoke cigarette, but no longer now.
12. S + GET + O + V3 + PREPOSITION + S2
I get my homework done by my brother.
13. BY + Ving + O + SENTENCE
By cooking food, you hve won everyone’s heart.
14. WHILE + Ving + O + SENTENCE
While driving the car , you should not attend the call.
15. WITHOUT + Ving + O + SENTENCE
Without taking food , you cannot go from here.
16. S + KEEP + Ving + O
I kept sleeping for whole the day . / I keep reading the whole day.
17. S + INSIST + S2 + ON + Ving + O
He insists me on going to Shimla.
18. S + MAKE + O + ADJECTIVE
That picture made me happy.
19. S + IS / AM / ARE + GETTING + V3
The paper of this book is getting torn.
20. S + IS / AM / ARE + GOOD / BAD AT + Ving + O
I am good at cooking the food. / He is bad at playing cricket.
22. S + SHOULD HAVE + V3 + O
He should have helped me.
24. S + IS / AM / ARE + GOING TO + V1 + O
I am going to throw a party.

PTE MADE EASY

(COMMON GRAMMAR MISTAKES)
Wrong I have visited Niagara Falls last weekend.
Right I visited Niagara Falls last weekend.
Wrong The woman which works here is from Japan.
Right The woman who works here is from Japan.
Wrong She’s married with a dentist.
Right She’s married to a dentist.
Wrong She was boring in the class.

Right She was bored in the class.
Wrong I must to call him immediately.

Right I must call him immediately.
Wrong Every students like the teacher.
Right Every student likes the teacher.
Wrong Although it was raining, but we had the picnic.
Right Although it was raining, we had the picnic.
Wrong I enjoyed from the movie.
Right I enjoyed the movie.
Wrong I look forward to meet you.
Right I look forward to meeting you.
Wrong I like very much ice cream.
Right I like ice cream very much.
Wrong She can to drive.
Right She can drive.
Wrong Where I can find a bank?
Right Where can I find a bank?
Wrong I live in United States.

PTE MADE EASY
Right I live in the United States.
Wrong When I will arrive, I will call you.

Right When I arrive, I will call you.
Wrong I’ve been here since three months.

Right I’ve been here for three months.
Wrong My boyfriend has got a new work.
Right My boyfriend has got a new job. (or just "has a new job")
Wrong She doesn’t listen me.
Right She doesn’t listen to me.
Wrong You speak English good.
Right You speak English well.
Wrong The police is coming.

Right The police are coming.
Wrong The house isn’t enough big.
Right The house isn’t big enough.
Wrong You should not to smoke.
Right You should not smoke.
Wrong Do you like a glass of wine?
Right Would you like a glass of wine?
Wrong There is seven girls in the class.
Right There are seven girls in the class.
Wrong I didn’t meet nobody.
Right I didn’t meet anybody.
Wrong My flight departs in 5:00 am.
Right My flight departs at 5:00 am.
Wrong I promise I call you next week.

Right I promise I’ll call you next week.

PTE MADE EASY
Wrong Where is post office?
Right Where is the post office?
Wrong Please explain me how improve my English.
Right Please explain to me how to improve my English.
Wrong We studied during four hours.
Right We studied for four hours.
Wrong Is ready my passport?

Right Is my passport ready?
Wrong You cannot buy all what you like!

Right You cannot buy all that you like!
Wrong She is success.
Right She is successful.
Wrong My mother wanted that I be doctor.
Right My mother wanted me to be a doctor.
Wrong The life is hard!
Right Life is hard.
Wrong How many childrens you have?

Right How many children do you have?
Wrong My brother has 10 years.
Right My brother is 10 (years old).
Wrong I want eat now.
Right I want to eat now.
Wrong You are very nice, as your mother.
Right You are very nice, like your mother.
Wrong She said me that she liked you.

Right She told me that she liked you.
Wrong My husband engineer.

PTE MADE EASY
Right My husband is an engineer.
Wrong I came Australia to study English.

Right I came to Australia to study English.
Wrong It is more hot now.

Right It’s hotter now.
Wrong You can give me an information?
Right Can you give me some information?
Wrong They cooked the dinner themself.
Right They cooked the dinner themselves.
Wrong Me and Johnny live here.
Right Johnny and I live here.
Wrong I closed very quietly the door.

Right I closed the door very quietly.
Wrong You like dance with me?
Right Would you like to dance with me?
Wrong I go always to school by subway.
Right I always go to school by subway.
Wrong If I will be in London, I will contact to you.
Right If I am in London, I will contact you.
Wrong We drive usually to home.
Right We usually drive home.

PTE MADE EASY

PTE MADE EASY

PTE MADE EASY

PTE MADE EASY

PTE MADE EASY
Grammar
CHARTS
These charts are meant for understanding the
abstract rules of grammar in a better way, so it is advised
that students must attempt this section of the book.

PTE MADE EASY
A Chart of Linkers for PTE/IELTS
A Chart of Descriptive words

PTE MADE EASY

PTE MADE EASY
A Chart of Punctuation marksj

PTE MADE EASY
PTE- SPEAKING & WRITING MODULE

PTE MADE EASY
PTE-SPEAKING

PTE MADE EASY
PTE ACADEMIC SPEAKING READ ALOUD
The first sub-section of speaking section of PTE academic exam is READ ALOUD
Skim through the text
You get about 30-40 seconds before the microphone opens which is sufficient for
you to go through the text. Understand the flow of the information given in the
text, as it will help you with other areas of this test too.
Speak naturally and clearly
Majority of Pearson English Test takers succumb to exam anxiety and lose their
natural rhythm. It affects their fluency a big time and consequently they lose vital
points. Some people speak way too fast in their daily life, so speaking naturally
doesn’t mean speaking too fast. Speak at a normal pace that’s neither too fast nor
too slow. It will especially help you with getting word endings clear. For instance,
take this word- ‘Tests’. Those who speak fast often omit the‘s’ at the end.
Focus on Fluency
Focus on speaking fluently and do not rush into finishing the paragraph as you will
get sufficient time for that. Let the system take care of it. REMEMBER: If you do
stay quiet for more than 3 seconds, the microphone will automatically turn-off.

PTE MADE EASY
Mind those commas, semi-colons and full stops
Read aloud section is aimed at assessing your fluency, intonation and clarity of
speech. Ignoring commas, semi-colon and full stops will make your intonation
suffer. If you intonate well and speak in a natural and composed manner,
everything automatically falls into place.
Practise with newspaper and audio-recorder
The more you practise, the more you become aware of your shortcomings. And the
best way to practise is to use a newspaper and a voice recorder. You can record
your voice while you read a 60 words paragraph aloud and then play back the
audio. It will help you identify the errors you make, words you usually aren’t
comfortable with, controlling your rate of speech and so forth.
PTE ACADEMIC SPEAKING READ ALOUD PRACTICE PARAGRAPHS
In 40 seconds, you must read each text aloud as naturally and clearly as
possible.
1. Although studies from earth using optical and radio telescopes had
accumulated much data on the nature of celestial bodies, it was not
until after World War II that the development of powerful rockets
made direct space exploration a technological possibility.
2. Th
3. e first artificial satellite, Sputnik I, was launched by the USSR on Oct. 4,
1957, and spurred the dormant U.S. program into action, leading to an
international competition popularly known as the “space race.”
Explorer I, the first American satellite, was launched on Jan. 31, 1958.
4. In the decade following Sputnik I, the United States and the USSR
between them launched about 50 space probes to explore the moon.
The first probes were intended either to pass very close to the moon
or to crash into it hard landing.
5. Human spaceflight has progressed from the simple to the complex,
starting with suborbital flights; subsequent highlights included the
launching of a single astronaut in orbit, the launching of several

PTE MADE EASY
astronauts in a single capsule, the rendezvous and docking of two

spacecraft, the attainment of lunar orbit, and the televised landing of
an astronaut on the moon.
6. Space shuttle, reusable U.S. space vehicle was Developed by the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration and was officially
known as the Space Transportation System, it was the world’s first
reusable spacecraft that carried human beings into earth orbit. It
consisted of a winged orbiter, two solid-rocket boosters, and a large
external fuel tank.
7. There are six basic parameters that determine whether an
environment is suitable for life as we know it: temperature, pressure,
salinity, acidity, water availability, and oxygen content. Advanced life
is restricted to a narrow range of these parameters, but primitive
microorganisms exist over a much wider range.
8. Artificial satellite that functions as part of a global radio-
communications network. Echo 1, the first communications satellite,
launched in 1960, was an instrumented inflatable sphere that
passively reflected radio signals back to earth.
9. Later satellites carried with them electronic devices for receiving,
amplifying, and rebroadcasting signals to earth. Relay 1, launched in
1962 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA),
was the basis for Telstar 1, a commercially sponsored experimental
satellite.
10.The Soviet Union launched the core module of the Mir space station
in Feb., 1986. It was enlarged several times so that it could
accommodate a crew of up to six cosmonauts. The Mir program was
enhanced by having international teams conduct experiments at the
station; Afghanistan, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Great Britain, India,
Japan, Syria and the United States.
11.The Global Positioning System (GPS), whose satellites replaced the
Transit series, uses a web of 24 Navstar satellites in 12-hour orbits. The
first Navstar satellite was launched in 1989, and the system began full
operation in the 1990s. The satellites broadcast time and position
messages continuously, and GPS receivers employ the more accurate
triangulation method to determine position.

PTE MADE EASY
The second sub-section of speaking section of PTE academic exam is REPEAT

SENTENCE
You need to repeat the sentence verbatim. This means you need to speak the
sentence exactly what you hear in the audio clip.
REPEAT SENTENCE – TIPS & PRACTICE SAMPLE
“Repeat Sentence” is probably the easiest question of PTE speaking test. In this
part, you will be required to listen to a sentence and repeat exactly the same
sentence. In order to excel in Repeat Sentence, try repeating the same words
without any major pauses.
Important note: Start speaking instantaneously as there will not be any beep
after the main audio ends, you need to start it immediately. You will hear the
sentence only once.
In order to better memorize the sentences you can use the simple trick of writing
down the important keywords. Also if you are well versed with the language it
becomes easy to memorize so make yourself habitual with the language.
If you pay attention to the PTE previous audio recordings then you will find that the
speaker follows punctuation and likewise you too can break the sentence into apt
phrases. Use commas, pause and stressed out words to break the sentence.

PTE MADE EASY
This way you can correctly reconstruct the sentence without omitting any word and
repeat the content of the recording.
Break this sentence to practice.
Unlike applied arts/ (Little pause) /fine arts do not serve a practical function.
The useful tip to help you score higher in PTE exam is clear pronunciation. A
candidate should pronounce all consonants and vowels clearly. Make use of
sentence stress correctly.
What’s important to understand is that this task is not just about pronunciation;
it’s about memory as well. As a general rule, humans can only keep about seven
small pieces of information in their short-term memory at one time, and (rather
inconveniently!) the ‘Repeat Sentence’ task generally contains over 7 words.
Listen to a podcast, audiobook, radio show etc. in English every single day. Make
sure that you listen to a native speaker talking about a topic, and pay special
attention to their intonation, speed and rhythm.
Practice the below exercise and make yourself comfortable with repeat
sentences:
1. Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions.

2. As a general rule, humans can only keep about seven small pieces of
information.
3. There are six basic parameters that determine whether an environment is
suitable for life or not.
4. Blessed are those who have blessings of the God.
5. People learn through their entire lives. Curiosity has always been the basic
characteristic of a human being.
6. We always want to break limits and learn more.
7. Children should begin their formal education at a very early age.
8. I think that children should not study at a very early age.
9. A city should city try to preserve its old, historic buildings.
10. Some people think that old, historic buildings are not required for the city.

PTE MADE EASY
The third sub-section of speaking section of PTE academic exam is DESCRIBE

IMAGE.
PTE DESCRIBE IMAGE WITH ANSWERS

 You will be given an image (bar graph, line graph, map, table, pie chart or
process).
 You will have 25 seconds to study the image and prepare your response.
 After you hear a short tone, take a one-second pause and start speaking your
answer.
 You will have 40 seconds to record your answer.
 Remember the purpose of Describe Image PTE is to test your speaking skills.
Practically, it is not possible to describe the whole image in 40 seconds.

PTE MADE EASY
Sample Responses For Describe Image PTE
1. Look at the image below and describe it in 40 seconds.
The graph shows changes in the price of fresh fruits and vegetables, sugar and
sweets, and carbonated drinks over a thirty-year period in the US
(introduction). The graph also shows the general trend in the consumer price index
during this time (background sentence).
The consumer price index & prices of sugar showed a steady increase from 1979 to
2009 whereas the rise in the price of carbonated drinks is prolonged. In contrast,
price of fresh fruits and vegetables, despite periodic fluctuations, rose sharply.To
conclude, we can say that overall inflation has increased in last three decades
(conclusion).

PTE MADE EASY
The two pie charts compare the average household expenditure on several goods &
services in 1950 & 2010. (Introduction). In 1950, an overwhelming portion of the
expenditure went on for housing & after six decades expenditure on food has soared
significantly (background sentence).
Apart from food, transportation expenses had increased drastically by roughly three
times from only 3.3% in 1950 to 14% in 2010 (point 1). In contrast, there was a slight
increase in the expenditures on health care (point 2).
In summary, the expenditure nature of people had changed significantly in 2010 than
that had been in 1950 (conclusion).
3. Look at the map below and describe it in 40 seconds.

PTE MADE EASY
The supplied maps compare the changes that took place in a town between 1948
and 2010 (introduction). Comparing the town map of 2010 with 1948, it has
changed a lot including the new airport, commercial buildings, supermarket &
Sports stadium (background sentence).
From the center of the town to the northeast, the town had lake surrounded with
trees & the factories were situated in 1948. In the year 2010, these places are
occupied by airport & supermarket (point1). At the same time in the bottom of the
town, the local supermarket & Church were substituted with commercial buildings
& sports stadium (point 2).

PTE MADE EASY
The graph compares the rate of smoking between men and women in Someland
between the years 1960 and 2000 (introduction).
Since 1960, the rate of smoking in men is gradually decreasing. It had dropped to
250 by 2000. In contrast, the rate of smoking in women in 1960 was very low at
only 80 in every 1,000. It increased till 1975 but since then it has been declining. It
had dropped to 200 by 2000 (point 1 & point 2).
In conclusion, though the rate of smoking in men dropped throughout the whole
period, it was always at a higher level than the female figures (conclusion).

PTE MADE EASY
The diagram illustrates the various stages in the life of a frog (introduction). The
common frog undergoes many physical changes over the course of its life
(background sentence).
The life cycle of the frog begins with the mating of frog & it leads their females to
lays eggs on the pond. Each frogspawn hatches and small tadpole emerges with a
tiny body and a tail. Gradually there tail disappears, and their legs start to appear.
To sum up, from egg to a fully-grown adult, the common frog experiences a number
of radical physical changes (conclusion).
ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page

100
PTE MADE EASY
The graph shows population trends in Europe and Asia as a percentage of world
population between 1750 and 2000 (introduction). Asia had a much more
significant portion of the world population during this period than Europe
(background sentence).
Asia’s proportion dropped from 65 to 55 percent between 1750 and 1950 but
reached 60 percent in 2000 (point 1). Europe’s population was fairly stable from
1750 to 1850 at just over 20 percent of world population. Then it rose slightly in
1900 before falling by more than half to only over ten percent in 2000.

101
PTE MADE EASY
The fourth sub-section of speaking section of PTE academic exam is RETELL

LECTURE
HOW TO RETELL LECTURE IN PTE ( ACADEMIC) EXAM?

The purpose of this section is to assess your ability to make an oral presentation
based on information taken from an academic lecture. Both speaking and listening
skills are assessed. You will listen to a lecture on an academic topic and then retell
what you have heard in your own words. The lectures are each between 60 and 90
seconds long. There are either three or four lectures; There will always be at least
three lectures. You will have 40 seconds to retell each lecture.
TIPS
• Study the picture if there is one. It will give you a general idea about the context
of the lecture. From the picture, try to predict what the lecture will be about. You
will have three seconds to get ready for the start of the lecture.
• Take notes. Use the erasable note board booklet and pen provided. Do not try
to write down every word you hear. Unless you are able to write quickly and

102
PTE MADE EASY
accurately, you will probably fall behind and miss important information. Instead,
focus on key words.
• Writing quickly is a key skill to master. Use abbreviations whenever possible.
Ignore articles (e.g., a, an, the) unless they are necessary. Omitting the vowels
from words is one way to increase writing speed.
• Key words include names, numbers, dates, times, and words and phrases that
are stressed. Words and phrases that are repeated are usually central to the main
idea.
• Focus on understanding the main idea of the lecture and the key points that
support it. If the speaker draws a conclusion, be sure you have identified it. Try to
identify the overall purpose of the lecture.
• Listen for clues to the speaker's attitude, opinion, or stance. Be aware of the
speaker's tone of voice and delivery, and try to detect any emotions that are
being conveyed.
• When the lecture ends, you will have approximately 10 seconds to review your
notes. Use this time to organize what you will say. When you hear the tone, begin
speaking. You will have 40 seconds to complete the task.
• While you are speaking, if you lose your train of thought, or find yourself at a
loss for words, do not remain silent. The microphone turns off automatically if
there is no sound for three seconds. If you need to pause to think or to check your
notes, use pause fillers such as um, uh, Let me see, and so on. Saying something -
anything - is better than saying nothing because once the microphone turns
off, you cannot turn it on again.

103
PTE MADE EASY
THE PURPOSE OF THE ACTIVITY

Retelling (for example, an instruction, event, story or a lecture) is a widely-used skill
in everyday life as well as in a work situation. When we retell, we usually summarise
by compressing what we have heard, read or seen into a shorter text (for example,
retelling the plot of a two-hour movie usually takes a few minutes).
The purpose of this activity is to help learners select the most important ideas or
information and retell them in a coherent way so that a listener can get the gist of
the story or event that is being retold. This involves selecting which ideas or
information is important and rejecting detail that may be interesting but is not
relevant to the main ideas.
PTE MADE EASY
EXAMPLE-1
TRANSCRIPT (Only for reference, it will not be given in

actual PTE Academic Test)
You’re already aware that a star is an energy producer, a nuclear fusion reactor- its
core is a gigantic nuclear fusion bomb that’s trying to explode- but its mass of
surrounding gases is so large that its gravity contains the explosion, and the balance
that exists between the gravity and the fusion is what determines the star’s size.
However, as a star gets older, as it ages, its fuel get used up and its nuclear reactor
slows down. And then, its gravity gets the upper hand. The star implodes. Gravity
pulls inward and compresses the stellar material into the star’s center. As it’s
compressed, the core heats up tremendously- and then, at some point, a
supernova, a great explosion, occur, and the stellar material and a lot of radiation
are blasted out into space. Only the extremely dense, extremely massive core is
left. Its gravitational field is so strong that nothing can escape it, not even light. So
it disappears from view: it’s black. It’s now a black hole.
PTE MADE EASY
EXAMPLE-2
TRANSCRIPT (Only for reference, it will not be given in

actual PTE Academic Test)
Migration is the main strategy that animals have for avoiding adverse environments
and taking advantage of rich environments. Of course, there are other strategies,
too- hibernation, for example- but far and away the most common way for animals
to escape poor conditions and get to better ones is by migration- a mass journey
from one place to the other.
Now there are all kinds of migrations, but the most familiar one is the sort that our
robins will be experiencing- a seasonal, latitudinal migration. In the fall, the birds
fly south, and in the spring they fly north again. In the southern hemisphere, of
course, this works in the opposite direction. In both hemispheres, migrants move
toward the equator when the earth chills and toward the poles when it warms. This
is the way that species have been able to colonize, to use those subpolar resources
that are seasonally difficult to access, that are unavailable to many living things for
half the year.
Birds are certainly the most conspicuous latitudinal migrants, and they’re also the
most awesome. Most famously, the Arctic Tern, which is a small seabird, migrates
from one pole to the other, all the way from the Arctic subpolar region to the
Antarctic subpolar region- and back again- annually. These birds travel roughly
70,000 kilometers a year!
PTE MADE EASY
EXAMPLE-3
In a learning environment, a common cause of boredom is lack of understanding;

for instance, if one is not following or connecting to the material in a class or
lecture, it will usually seem boring. However, the opposite can also be true;
something that is too easily understood, simple or transparent, can also be boring.
Boredom is often inversely related to learning, and in school, it may be a sign that
a student is not challenged enough, or too challenged. An activity that is predictable
to the students is likely to bore them. Boredom has been studied as being related
to drug abuse among teens. Boredom has been proposed as a cause of pathological
gambling behaviour. A study found results consistent with the hypothesis that
pathological gamblers seek stimulation to avoid states of boredom and depression.
It has been suggested that boredom has an evolutionary basis that encourages
humans to seek out new challenges. It may influence human learning and
ingenuity. Some recent studies have suggested that boredom may have some
positive effects. A low-stimulus environment may lead to increased creativity.
PTE MADE EASY
The fifth sub-section of speaking section of PTE academic exam ANSWER

SHORT QUESTION.
TEST TIPS
For this item type you need to reply to the question in one or a few words.
The audio begins to play automatically.
You may also see an image.
When the audio finishes, the microphone opens and the recording status box
shows “Recording”.
Speak into the microphone immediately (there is no beap tone) and answer
the question with one or a few words.
You should speak clearly. There is no need to rush.
Finish speaking before the progress bar reaches the end. The word
“Recording” changes to “Completed”.
PTE MADE EASY
If you wait for more than 3 seconds, recording will stop and the item status will
change to ‘completed’, which means that you have lost your chance to give your
answer.
If you stop for 3 seconds whilst speaking, the recording status will change to
‘completed’ even if you haven’t finished, and you won’t be able to continue
answering.
If the status changes to ‘completed’, you have to click ‘Next’ to move on to the
next item.
There is no point in saying more than you need to say. Marks are awarded for a
short, accurate answer. There are no extra marks for additional words.
For example, for this question: ‘What type of periodical is published on a daily
basis?’ Both these answers would score the same marks:
PTE MADE EASY
COMPILATION OF SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. What is the name of ground military forces?- Army
2. What is someone that can‟t see called? – Blind
3. What do you call the middle of something? – Center
4. Whose job is it to treat people that are ill orhave an injury at a
hospital?– Doctor
5. What is the process of teaching and learning called?- Education
6. What kind of book is written by a person about their own life?-
Autobiography
7. What is the red liquid that flows through a body?- Blood
8. What is the payment of a students education byan organization
called?- scholarship
9. What is piece of paper with official informationwritten on it? –
document
10. What is the name of a building where you can borrow books?- library
11. Who is a person that makes bread, cakes and pastries? – baker
12. What organ controls your speech, feelings, bodymovement and
thoughts?– brain
13. What piece of equipment shows a person what direction they are
traveling?– compass.
14. What is a series of events that happen in yourmind while you are
sleeping? – dream
15. What is a that person belongs to an organizationcalled?- member
16. Who cuts men‟s hair? – barber
17. What is it called when two or more people arespeaking to each
other?- conversation
18. What is a violent conflict between two or morecountries?- war
19. What do you call the number of people living in a specific area? –
population
20. What do you call a person that can’t hear? – deaf
21. What is the day that someone is born? – birthday
PTE MADE EASY
22. What plan shows how much money is available and how it will be
spent? – budget
23. What is the name of a system of government in which the people
elect their leaders? – democracy
24. What planet do we live on? – earth
25. What is the job of someone that looks after your teeth and gums? –
dentist
26. What is the time period before noon is called? – ante meridian
27. some calendar start their week from Sunday. Which is other day we
start our week? –Monday
28. Where I can open a Web page? -in Web Browser
29. What we call the process of preparing food to eat? –Cooking
30. What we call the time when sun raises?- Morning
31. What organ do cardiologists specialize in? – Heart
32. Which section of news paper gives the editor an opinion? – editorial
33. What instrument used to examine very small thing – microscope
34. What is the destructive program that spread from comp to comp – a
virus
35. What term used for animals that gives birth to – mammals
36. System of govt where people vote for people – democracy
37. Piece of paper that you bought an item – a receipt
38. What you call the document that tells your qualification and work
exp? – CV, curriculum vitae, resume
39. How would you describe economy largely based on farming? –
agricultural, rural
40. What is the study of stars and planet called? – astronomy
41. In business and advt what is PR stand for? – public relation
42. What emergecy service called at see? – coastguard
43. Name a month fall bet april and june? – May
44. What word describe moving a website from internet to your comp –
downloading / download
45. What is called a picture doctor take to see inside body? – an X-ray
PTE MADE EASY
46. What crime has someone stealing from shop committed? –

shoplifting
47. If someone feeling ill they will say ‘they are feeling under the what? –
weather
[under the weather – Feel sick, poor health, tired or exhausted]
48. Who is person in-charge of a football match? – the referee
49. Last game in sporting competition that decide champ? – the final
50. What is the general term for painting at country side or natural
view? – landscape
51. Found in office (a printer and other two options)? – a printer
52. There are two types of sporting contests: one is amateur; and other
is ? – professional
53. Were would you find the whale (tropical forest, ocean)? – ocean
[tropical = very hot and humid]
54. Coat had a stain on it where would they take? – to a dry cleaner
55. What are the things that ‘hens lay’ called? – eggs
56. The people who use to obey the rules and protect the public
from criminals are called? – the police
57. On what geographical location would someone be living if their
country is surrounded by water on all side? – an island
58. What general part of the day is known as dawn? – a sunrise
59. Part of the Day: “Dawn–Twilight–Sunrise, Morning, Daylight /
midday-afternoon, Evening, Sunset–Twilight–Dusk, Night”]
60. What are the people that plant food, raise crop are commonly known
as? – farmers
61. If a button has come off a shirt, what would someone most likely use
to put it back on? – a needle and thread
62. What appliance do people use to keep their food cool and preventing
from spoiling? – fridge
63. To crossover from one side of the wide river to another without using
boat, what is usually require? – a bridge
64. What is a painting of a person’s head is called? – a portrait
65. Where do we find urban area in a city or country side? – in a city
PTE MADE EASY
66. What we call it, when moon completely blocks out the light from the
sun? – a solar eclipse / an eclipse
67. what point of the compass is directly opposite east? – west
68. where do you pay for your purchases at the super market? – (at the)
checkout
69. what do u call an apartment that is beyond ground level (a basement
apartment or a penthouse appartment)? – a basement apartment
70. what features do pianos and computers have in common? – a
keyboard
71. if you are feeling ‘fed up’ it is positive or negative feeling? – a
negative feeling
[ fed up – annoyed, unhappy, or bored, especially with a situation that has
existed for a long time.
72. what we call a period of ten years? – a decade
73. A specialist who repairs leaking water pipes is called a ? plumber
74. A famous canal links the mediterian sea with the indian ocean, is it
the curran or suez canal? – the suez canal
75. Where would you keep the meat you wish to keep frozen at home? –
in a freezer
76. What is the most imp doc you would have to show if you would to
hire a car? – a driving license
77. where would you go to workout on a trade mill? – a gym /
gymnasium
78. what piece of equipment would you use to go diving in a see, an
aquaplane or an aqualung? – an aqualung
[ aqualung – a portable breathing apparatus for divers
aquaplane – a board for riding on water, pulled by a speedboat]
79. where would you most likely go to buy some flowers (a bakery, a
florist or a super market)? – a supermarket
80. which hospital dept you go for x-ray (radiology or cardio) – a
radiology
81. where would you go to see an exhibition of sculptures? – to an art
gallery / to a museumwould
PTE MADE EASY
82. you measures volume of water in litres or kilos? – litres

83. what is the joint called where your hand is connected to your arm? –
the (or your) wrist
84. Which kind of punishment for a crime is the less severe, an
imprisonment or community service? – community service
85. How many sides are there in a bilateral agreement? – two
86. Which is the longest: a decade, a millennium or a century? – a
millennium
87. manufacturing process releases -noxious gases.
88. What is the most important safety measure for workers at this plant
– ensuring good ventilation, or appropriate footwear? – (ensuring good
ventilation)
89.A list of events placed in time order is usually described as what? – a
chronology / a timeline
90. If a figure is hexagonal, how many sides does it have? – six
91. What key mineral makes sea water different from fresh water? – salt
92.In the animal kingdom, is the purpose of camouflage to attract a
mate, to find food or to hide? – (it’s) (the purpose is) (to) hide
93.An older unmarried woman-Spinster
94.Sleep enjoyed in the afternoon--nap
95.Language which is confused and unintelligible-Jargon
96.The one who has no money-Pauper
97.A man whose wife is dead- Widower
98.A place where dead bodies are kept-mortuary
99.One whose business is to find out criminals-Detective
100. The government runs by the dictator-autocracy
101. One who prepares plans for buildings- architect
102. A great lover of books-bibliophile
103. A place where fishes are kept-aquarium
104. One who tests eyesight and sells spectacles-optician
105. The science of animal life-zoology
106. one who kills animals and sells their flesh—butcher
107. A disease which spreads by contact- contagious disease
PTE MADE EASY
108. A man who thinks only for himself-egoistic

109. An animal living both on land in water- amphibian
110. A building for keeping and feeding horses – Stable
111. A string of beads used for counting prayers-Rosary
112. A government publication relating to order, notification, etc.-Gazette
113. Art and science dealing with language-Grammar
114. A vehicle to carry dead bodies – hearse
115. A grass eating animal-Herbivorous
116. Things of different nature-heterogeneous
117. The point where the earth and sky seem to meet-horizon
118. Someone who is fond of entertaining guests-Hospitable
119. A serpent with many heads- hydra
120. One who pretends to be what he is not- hypocrite
121. Worship of idols- idolatry
122. A handwriting that cannot be read- illegible
123. A sound that cannot be heard-Inaudible
124. Incapable of being burnt-Incombustible
125. Something that cannot be believed- incredible
126. Something that cannot be cured- incurable
127. Something that cannot be avoided- inevitable
128. Something that cannot be explained- explicable
129. The act of killing an infant-infanticide
130. Not limited by person or number-infinite
131. Something that is quickly and easily set on fire and burned-
inflammable
132. That cannot be satisfied- insatiable
133. That kills insects-insecticide
134. The one who is unable to pay his debts-insolvent
135. Something that is not applicable-Irrelevant
136. A one who travels from place to place- itinerant
137. Anything which is related to youth and young – juvenile
138. An animal of Australia with great leaping power- kangaroo
139. One who know many languages-Linguist
PTE MADE EASY
140. The eclipse of moon- Lunar

141. Animals which give milk-Mammals
142. Handwritten book- manuscript
143. A person who die for his country-Martyr
144. One for whom the money is the most important thing-Materialistic
145. A cinema show which is held in the afternoons- matinee
146. Belonging to the middle ages- medieval
147. Very particular about very small details- meticulous
148. Someone who moves from one place to another-migratory
149. A person who does not believe in the institution of marriages-
misogamist
150. A person who hates woman-misogynist
151. A government by a king or a queen-Monarchy
152. The practice of having one wife or husband-monogamy
153. Medicine which induces sleep-Narcotic
154. One who is a new comer- neophyte
155. Person publically authorized to draw up or attest contracts etc-
notary
156. One who is new to a trade or profession- novice
157. Article of food rich in nutrition.- nutritive
158. Having a lot of fat in one’s body- obesity
159. A notice of death in a newspaper- obituary
160. A thing no longer in use-Obsolete/Out of date
161. A study of ocean- oceanography
162. All powerful, possessing complete power and authority- omnipotent
163. A one who is presents everywhere- omnipresent
164. A one who knows everything- omniscient
165. An animal that eats any kind of food- omnivorous
166. One who look at the bright side of the thing– Optimist
167. A person without mother and father- orphan
168. A place where orphans live- orphanage
169. One who believe in traditional values- orthodox
170. A supposed cure for all diseases or problems- panacea
PTE MADE EASY
171. 79. Study of disease—Pathology

172. Killer of one’s own father—Patricide
173. Properties inherited from one’s father- patrimony
174. One who loves his/ her country?-patriot
175. Payment made in consideration of past service – pension
176. One who looks on the dark side of things?—pessimist
177. Lover of mankind-philanthropist
178. Study of stamp collection–Philately
179. Study of words and their roots- philology
180. The study of sound- Phonetics/Acoustics
181. The study of the body- physiology
182. One who leads others- pioneer
183. 91. One who copies from other writers?—plagiarist
184. A government by the rich-plutocracy
185. The practice of having many wives- polygamy
186. One who know many languages—Polyglot
187. A figure with many angles or sides-polygon
188. A place where ships seek shelter- port
189. A book published after the death of its author-posthumous
190. Medical examination of a dead body-postmortem
191. A short message added on to the end of a letter after the signature-
postscript
192. Water fit for drinking-potable
193. An animal that preys on other animals-predator
194. To form an opinion against anybody baselessly- prejudice
195. Tendency to quarrelPugnacity
196. One who is particular about the purity of one’s language-purist?
197. The study of ancient societies-archeology
198. A person of good understanding knowledge and reasoning power-
intellectual
199. What is the list of the business or subjects to be considered at a
meeting called- agenda
200. One who possesses many talent is referred as- versatile
PTE MADE EASY
201. A person who is above hundred years – centenarian

202. A game in which no one wins – draw
203. A life history written by oneself –autobiography
204. A person who always thinks of himself –self centered /egoist
205. A person with evil reputation – notorious
206. A paper written by hand is known as-manuscript
207. detailed plan of journey-Itinerary
208. The environment related to organisms is called –ecology
209. A thing that is fit to be eaten –edible
210. An exact copy-facsimile
211. Anything that leads to death-fatal
212. A person who eats too much-Glutton
213. Likely to break apart easily-Brittle
214. A person living in a foreign country- foreigner
215. Perceptible to ear-Audible
216. One who does not make mistakes – infallible
217. One who goes on foot –pedestrian
218. The science which treats with life-biology
219. What are the words called which have the same meaning- synonym
220. A person living at the same time as another-Contemporary
221. Through which light cannot pass-opaque
222. A man dances to the tunes of his wife-henpecked
223. An instrument for viewing object at a distance-telescope
224. Custom of many husbands-Polygamy
What is fear of water called-Hydrophobia
225. A woman whose husband is dead-widow
226. That which is against law-illegal
227. Things of same nature-Homogenous
228. A list of names. Books-catalogue
229. A pleasant song used for causing children to sleep-lullaby
230. A school for small children-kindergarten
231. A coworker in the same institution is a colleague or a peer-colleague
232. An assembly of hearers at a conference or concert- audience
PTE MADE EASY
233. A shed for motor cars- garage

234. A medicine that prevents infection by killing germs-antiseptic
235. Arena is a-A place for racing
236. What is a dormitory?-Sleeping room in an institution
237. Grand central terminal, Park Avenue, new york is the world’s largest-
largest railway station
238. Entomology is the science that studies-Behavior of human beings–
Insects
239. How many bones do a human being has?- 206
240. How many intestines does a human being has?-2
241. What is baby called when in the womb of mother?- foetus
242. How many players are there in football team?-11
243. Number 13 is lucky in which religion?-Sikhism
244. Number 13 is unlucky in which religion?-Christian
245. What is reincarnation?-the re- birth
246. Who invented zero?--Arya Bhatt
247. In which century was the computer invented?-19th century
248. Who invented computer?--Charles Babbage
249. who is the main founder of Facebook?- Mark Zuckerberg
250. Who is the richest person in the world?- bill gates
251. What classes does the primary level include?- up to 5
252. Which one is a domesticated animal: cat, camel or tiger- cat
253. What is not a font style?-superscript
254. Control + x are a short used for?- cut
255. The bones around your chest that protect organs such as the heart
are called what?- ribs
256. The two holes in your nose are called?-Answer: nostrils
257. The meet of cow is known as – beef
258. Are human’s omnivore, herbivore or carnivore?- omnivore
259. What is the sweet substance made by bees?-honey
260. What is the capital of Italy- Rome or Tokyo?- Rome
261. Trying to predict the weather is known as weather –forecasting
262. What is the average temperature of the human body?- 98.6 f or 37 c
PTE MADE EASY
263. Is India a country or a state?-country

264. The place where fishes are kept is known as-aquarium
265. Archery is the national sport of which country- Bhutan
266. Which one is a domesticated animal: cat, camel or tiger
267. What instrument is used to measure angles in geometry?- protractor
268. Which size of the newspaper is smaller? Tabloid or broadsheet-
tabloid
269. How many milligrams in a gram?-1000
270. What is the largest cat in the world?-The tiger
271. What two colors are mixed to create the color purple- white and
black or red and blue?-Red and blue
272. With which device the earthquakes are recorded?- seismograph
273. Which is the second largest country in land area-Canada
274. What is the most common blood type in humans – o or b+?- o
275. Which word does the “e” in e-mail stand for?-electronic
276. Which is the currency of Dubai?- dirhams
277. Which is the largest planet in the solar system – Jupiter or mars?-
Jupiter
278. Which is largest – kilobyte, gigabyte or megabyte?-gigabyte
279. In the amount of alcohol you get, which is the most expensive- beer,
whiskey or wine?- beer
280. Which is the largest living bird?- ostrich
281. Which is the largest fish in the world?- whale shark
282. .which is the tallest animal on the earth-giraffe or zebra?- giraffe
283. square is to cube as circle is to- round
284. What do most children ride on to go to school?- school bus
285. What farm animal gives us milk to drink?-cow/buffalo
286. America, what do people call it when children go out to play during a
break at school?- recess
287. If you wanted to dig a hole, which of the following would you be-
spade
288. On a clock, if the big hand is on 12 and the little hand is on 3 what
time would it be?- 3 o’ clock
PTE MADE EASY
289. What vehicle runs on a track and blows a whistle?-train

290. What are doctors and lawyers called what they do?- practice
291. How many players are involved in the football?-11
292. Who takes care of the sheep?- shepherd
293. Which month has 28 days?- all
294. Which is the highest mountain in the world?- mount Everest
295. What is the female gender of peacock?- peahen
296. The best word describes the meaning of the word-Ghastly-terrible
297. What is the cry of lion called?- roar
298. A long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a
river is called?-Valley
299. What is 3/4th of percentage called as?- 75%
300. Circumference, radius, diameter form which geometrical shape?-
Circle.
301. What does an optic person deal with?-Spectacles
302. If u have pain in teeth whom do you consult?- Dentist
303. Name the device of computer having name same to that of an
animal.-Mouse
304. How many years are in a decade?-10 Years
305. Whenever a person goes to an interview, would he be in an -
enthusiastic mood or sad mood?-Enthusiastic mood
306. What special document do most people carry during international
travels?-Passport
307. What would you call one half of the percentage?-0.005
308. What do we call the alphabetical list, at the end of the book, that
tells you where to find specific information ?-index
309. At what ceremony, the students receive their degree or diploma at
end of their study ?-Graduation day
310. what is the chemical formula of water ? Or what is the name of
H2o?-H2o or Water
311. Which Animal is not a mammal? Butterfly, cow or Goat?-Butterfly
312. How many years you study for an Undergraduate program?- 3 years
PTE MADE EASY
313. If you forget the way what will you buy to find your destination?-A
map
314. If something is POST ,then what does Post mean?- “Post” means
after and “Pre” means before.
315. In hospitals and other shops who gives medicine?-Pharmacist
316. If you face any heart related issue whom you will contact?-
Cardiologist
317. what do people wear, if they cant see very well?- spectacles
318. In which branch of science, periodic table comes?- Chemistry
319. when something comes at hault , what does this mean ?-stop
320. After secondary education, students can study in colleges as well
as….?-universities
321. If a button has come out of shirt, what would someone most likely
use to put it back on ?-Needle and thread
322. what general part of the day is known as dawn?-morning time
323. what does king or queen wear on their head at official ceremonies ?-
crown
324. what are winter , spring ,summer and autumn?-seasons
325. what is the sweet food produced by bees ?-Honey.
326. what do we call organs in our chest that we use to breathe ?-lungs
327. In English calendar, if March comes before April, then which month
will come after April?- May
328. Paying at the counter after shopping – check out
329. First story of the basement/building – basement
330. Fed up – Negative feeling
331. Who do you call in case of leaking pipeline – plumber
332. Editorial section – Writer’s opinion
333. Microscope is used to see – Micro -organism /Living things
334. Transfer quickly from computer to computer – virus
335. Democratic government – people vote
336. Agriculture based country – farming economy
337. Stars or planet – astronomy
338. Dead remains of plants – fossils
PTE MADE EASY
339. Business and advertsing – public relation

340. what do you need to see thing which are far away – binoculars
341. Who to visit if you have fear of crowd – psychologist
342. Means of travelling in developed countries – public transport
343. Washing clothes – laundry
344. Who is more playing football – men
345. Month between september and november – October
346. Thing most people use in theor home – Bed
347. Main difference between a wrist watch and a clock – Size
348. Where we store meat – Freezer
349. Most important document while driving – Driving licence
350. University courses – orally or written assessment
351. washing clothes – in the bathroom
352. protect motor bike rider’s – Helmet
353. leap year – 366 days
354. fitness – more exercise
355. Europe is home to – United kingdom
356. arrival at hotel – reception or check-in
357. job title building designer – architect
358. watches a sport event – spectator
359. improve health n fitness – diet and more physical exercise
360. What is the name of ground military forces? – Army
361. What is someone that can’t see called? – Blind
362. What is piece of paper with official information written on it? –
document
363. What is the name of a building where you can borrow books? –
library
364. Who is a person that makes bread, cakes and pastries? – baker
365. What organ controls your speech, feelings, body movement and
thoughts? – brain
366. What piece of equipment shows a person what direction they are
traveling? – compass
PTE MADE EASY
367. What is a series of events that happen in your mind while you are
sleeping? – dream
368. What is that person belongs to an organization called? – member
64. Who cuts men’s hair? – barber
369. What is it called when two or more people are speaking to each
other? – conversation
370. What is a violent conflict between two or more countries? – war
371. What do you call the number of people living in a specific area? –
population
PTE MADE EASY
PTE-WRITING
PTE MADE EASY
The first sub-section of writing section of PTE academic exam is SUMMARIZE THE
WRITTEN TEXT
The instruction for this question type is as follows -

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response
in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your
response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your
response presents the key points in the passage.
You are supposed to summarize the given paragraph in your own words.Summary
must be completed within 5 to 75 words in 10 minutes. Remember, you must
write the summary in a single sentence.
Below listed are top 5 tips that will improve your PTE preparation and will boost
your score in Summarize Written Text.
1. Learn making of Complex Sentences
This doesn’t mean that writing lengthy and complex statements will uplift your
chances of scoring high. Complex sentences create room for more mistakes, so
practice to write complex sentences and use them wisely. Avoid use of commas
and semi-colons if you are unknown to their correct usage. Use proper punctuation
marks.
PTE MADE EASY
2. Complete your Summary in Just ONE Sentence

Many a times, candidates forget to summarize the given text in a single sentence.
They put a full stop and start with a new sentence. This is completely incorrect as
per the given instructions. Remember, it is essential to complete your summary in
SINGLE sentence with word limit ranging from 5 to 70 words.
3. Summarize key points
Don’t try to jumble everything given in the paragraph in your summary. Try to
identify the main idea behind the paragraph, grab key points and mention them in
your response. One thing to be taken into consideration here is that don’t write the
same words as mentioned in the given text. Instead, put a practise of using
synonyms.
4. Remember FANBOYS
Here, FANBOYS refers to –
Using these connectors will help you summarize the text more effectively.
5. Attempt PTE Practice Tests
Get into a habit of identifying key points and how to put them in a nutshell.
Attempting PTE Practice Tests can improve your writing skills. These tests provide
an interface similar to that of the actual test and thus helps you prepare in a better
way.
PTE MADE EASY
PTE REAL EXAM QUESTION
SUMMARIZE WRITTEN TEXT

Summarize Written Text In One Sentence – Read the passage below
and summarize it using one sentence (between 5 and 75 words).
1. Read and summarize written text in your words.
San, people of southern Africa, consisting of several groups and numbering over
85,000 in all. They are generally short in stature; their skin is yellowish brown in
colour, and they feature prominent cheekbones. The San have been called
Bushmen by whites in South Africa, but the term is now considered derogatory.
Although many now work for white settlers, about half are still nomadic hunters
and gatherers of wild food in desolate areas like the Kalahari semi-desert, which
stretches between today’s Nation States of Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa.
Their social unit is the small hunting band; larger organizations are loose and
temporary. Grass huts, caves, and rock shelters are used as dwellings. They possess
only what they can carry, using poisoned arrowheads to fall game and transporting
water in ostrich-egg shells. The San have a rich folklore, are skilled in drawing, and
have a remarkably complex language characterized by the use of click sounds,
related to that of the Khoikhoi. For thousands of years the San lived in southern
and central Africa, but by the time of the Portuguese arrival in the 15th cent., they
had already been forced into the interior of southern Africa. In the 18th and 19th
cent., they resisted the encroachment on their lands of Dutch settlers, but by 1862
that resistance had been crushed.
SAMPLE SUMMARY: San, short Southern African people with yellowish brown skin
colour and prominent cheekbones, are living in primitive ways and small hunting
bands previously lived in southern and central Africa.
PTE MADE EASY

The smallest star yet measured has been discovered by a team of astronomers led
by the University of Cambridge. With a size just a sliver larger than that of Saturn,
the gravitational pull at its stellar surface is about 300 times stronger than what
humans feel on Earth.The star is likely as small as stars can possibly become, as it
has just enough mass to enable the fusion of hydrogen nuclei into helium. If it were
any smaller, the pressure at the center of the star would no longer be sufficient to
enable this process to take place. Hydrogen fusion is also what powers the Sun, and
scientists are attempting to replicate it as a powerful energy source here on
Earth.These very small and dim stars are also the best possible candidates for
detecting Earth-sized planets which can have liquid water on their surfaces, such
as TRAPPIST-1, an ultracool dwarf surrounded by seven temperate Earth-sized
worlds.The newly-measured star, called EBLM J0555-57Ab, is located about six
hundred light years away. It is part of a binary system and was identified as it passed
in front of its much larger companion, a method which is usually used to detect
planets, not stars. Details will be published in the journal Astronomy &
Astrophysics.
SAMPLE SUMMARY:Astronomers have discovered the smallest star called EBLM

J0555-57Ab, 600 light years away from Earth, having 300 times more gravitational
force than of Earth and is also likely to help detect new Earth-sized worlds;
however, the method used in this discovery is usually meant to locate planet.
PTE MADE EASY
3.Read and summarize written text in your words.

Kids mimic what their parents do — and a new study on TV-viewing habits proves
just that.Research published July 15 in Pediatrics shows that the amount of time
parents watch TV is connected to how much TV their children watch, even more so
than the location of the TV in the home or the family’s rules for television watching.
The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that children and teens should only
be allowed to use “high-quality” entertainment media for one to two hours per
day. In addition, the house should have “screen-free” zones like the children’s
bedroom, where there are no TVs, computer games or video games. The TV should
be turned off during dinner; the academy adds.Each hour of TV viewed by the
parents was linked to an additional half hour of viewing time for children. Children
whose parents watched more than the average also watched more compared to
kids whose parents stuck to the four hours daily. Parents’ TV time had a stronger
association to how much time children watched television compared to house rules
on time limits, whether the children had a TV in the bedroom and whether the
family was watching together. Parents who restricted television time only were
able to cut down viewing times for children who were in the 6 to 11-year-old age
group. Adolescents watched about one more hour of TV than their parents thought
they did, the results also showed.
SAMPLE SUMMARY:
1. According to American Academy of Pediatrics, the parent’s tv time is directly

proportional to time children spend in front of tv regardless of house rules and
restrictions.
PTE MADE EASY

Different cultures have different ideas on relationships and how they are viewed
and acted out. For example love and romance are seen to be very important in the
western cultures and marriages are based on this, however in non-western
cultures, such as china, love and romance are less important. To Western cultures
‘falling in love’ is seen to be a vital part of growing up and Erikson (1968) believed
that the establishment of an intimate relationship is an essential part of young
adulthood which if unsuccessful can lead to social isolation. A study which
supported the fact that different cultures have their own ideas on relationships was
carried out by Moore and Leung (2001) who compared 212 students, born and
studying in Australia, with 106 students born in China but studying in Australia.
They found that 61% of the Australian students were in relationships compared to
only 38% of Chinese students. They also found that Australian males were more
casual about relationships than Australian females whereas both Chinese males
and females shoed similar levels of romance. This shows that there is a difference
in the nature of relationships in different cultures as the Australian students and
the Chinese students showed different results and different ideas on
relationships.This study however is lacking in population validity and can therefore
not be generalised to everybody in other cultures. This is because it was carried out
on a sample of all similar aged people of only two different cultures who were all
living in Australia which is not a representative sample of the whole population
causing the study to have low external validity.
SAMPLE SUMMARY: The specific study conducted by Moore and Leung for both
Australian and Chinese students revealed that different cultures have different
nature, ideas about the relationship and is not reliable for everyone everywhere.
PTE MADE EASY
5 Read and summarize written text in your words.

SLP Officer
Armed police have been brought into NSW schools to reduce crime rates and
educate students.The 40 School Liaison Police (SLP) officers have been allocated to
public and private high schools across the state.Organizers say the officers, who
began work last week, will build positive relationships between police and
students. But parent groups warned of potential dangers of armed police working
at schools in communities where police relations were already under strain.Among
their duties, the SLPs will conduct crime prevention workshops, talking to students
about issues including shoplifting, offensive behavior, graffiti and drugs, and
alcohol. They can also advise school principals.One SLP, Constable Ben Purvis,
began work in the inner Sydney region last week, including at Alexandria Park
Community School’s senior campus. Previously stationed as a crime prevention
officer at The Rocks, he now has 27 schools under his jurisdiction in areas including
The Rocks, Redfern and Kings Cross.Constable Purvis said the full-time position
would see him working on the broader issues of crime prevention.“I am not a
security guard,” he said. “I am not there to patrol the school.We want to improve
relationships between police and schoolchildren, to have a positive interaction. We
are coming to the school and giving them the knowledge to improve their own
safety.”The use of fake ID among older students is among the issues he has already
discussed with principals. Parents’ groups responded to the program positively but
said it may spark a range of community reactions. “It is a good thing and an
innovative idea and there could be some positive benefits,” Council of Catholic
School Parents executive officer Danielle Cronin said.
SAMPLE SUMMARY: School liaison police have been brought into NSW schools to
reduce crime rates and improve students’ safety by conducting workshops and
some people believe it a good thing while others not.
PTE MADE EASY
6. Read and summarize written text in your words

The beginning of the seventeenth century is known as the “scientific revolution”
for the drastic changes evidenced in the European approach to science during that
period. The word “revolution” connotes a period of turmoil and social upheaval
where ideas about the world change severely and a completely new era of
academic thought is ushered in. This term, therefore, describes quite accurately
what took place in the scientific community following the sixteenth century. During
the scientific revolution, medieval scientific philosophy was abandoned in favor of
the new methods proposed by Bacon, Galileo, Descartes, and Newton; the
importance of experimentation to the scientific method was reaffirmed; the
importance of God to science was for the most part invalidated, and the pursuit of
science itself (rather than philosophy) gained validity on its own terms. The change
to the medieval idea of science occurred for four reasons:(1) Seventeenth-century
scientists and philosophers were able to collaborate with members of the
mathematical and astronomical communities to effect advances in all fields; (2)
Scientists realized the inadequacy of medieval experimental methods for their
work and so felt the need to devise new methods (some of which we use today);
(3) Academics had access to a legacy of European, Greek, and Middle Eastern
scientific philosophy they could use as a starting point (either by disproving or
building on the theorems); (4) Groups like the British Royal Society helped validate
science as a field by providing an outlet for the publication of scientists’ work. These
changes were not immediate, nor did they directly create the experimental method
used today, but they did represent a step toward Enlightenment thinking (with an
emphasis on reason) that was revolutionary for the time. Assessment of the state
of science before the scientific revolution, examination of the differences in the
experimental methods utilized by different “scientists” during the seventeenth
century, and exploration into how advances made during the scientific revolution
affected the scientific method used in science today will provide an idea of how
revolutionary the breakthroughs of the seventeenth century really were and what
impact they’ve had.
SAMPLE ANSWER: Scientific revolution was known since the beginning of

seventeenth century that severely changed the world into a completely new
era which resulted to the abandoning of medieval philosophy that replaced
by new methods propose by Bacon, Galileo, Descartes and Newton.
PTE MADE EASY

Asking Questions
All non-human animals are constrained by the tools that nature has bequeathed
them through natural selection. They are not capable of striving towards truth; they
simply absorb information and behave in ways useful for their survival. The kinds
of knowledge they require of the world have been largely pre-selected by
evolution. No animal is capable of asking questions or generating problems that are
irrelevant to its immediate circumstances or its evolutionarily-designed needs.
When a beaver builds a dam, it doesn’t ask itself why it does so, or whether there
is a better way of doing it. When a swallowPTE Writing – Summarize Written Text
Practice Sample 40 flies south, it doesn’t wonder why it is hotter in Africa or what
would happen if it flew still further south. Humans do ask themselves these and
many other kinds of questions, questions that have no relevance, indeed make little
sense, in the context of evolved needs and goals. What marks out humans is our
capacity to go beyond our naturally-defined goals such as the need to find food,
shelter or a mate and to establish human-created goals. Some contemporary
thinkers believe that there are indeed certain questions that humans are incapable
of answering because of our evolved nature. Steven Pinker, for instance, argues
that “Our minds evolved by natural selection to solve problems that were life-and-
death matters to our ancestors, not to commune with correctness or to answer any
question we are capable of asking. We cannot hold ten thousand words in our
short-term memory. We cannot see the ultraviolet light. We cannot mentally
rotate an object in the fourth dimension. And perhaps we cannot solve
conundrums like free will and sentience.”
SAMPLE SUMMARY: Due to natural selection and evolution, animals can not
to ask questions, which are not related to their immediate survival and only can
absorb information, while people can ask various questions, which go far beyond
their basic needs such as food, shelter and relationships; however, in spite of all
this, there are still some things that people are not able to do, for instance, to see
the ultra-violet light.
PTE MADE EASY

Charles Darwin first expounded the idea of natural selection in his 1859 book,
Origin of Species. Before Darwin, the idea that evolution had taken place was
becoming widely accepted in the scientific establishment. In Origin of Species, he
demonstrated two things; that natural selection provided the mechanism needed
to drive evolution and that sufficient time had passed for natural selection to have
worked. This famous text, along with Darwin’s 1871 work The Descent of Man,
placed human beings firmly in the animal kingdom for the first time and
permanently altered our vision of ourselves. Darwin’s experience of animal
husbandry (in particular breeding pigeons) and selective plant breeding informed
his idea of natural selection. He noted that bloodlines could be changed fairly
quickly through selective breeding and argued that a similar process could take
place in nature whereby the attributes of individuals who were more successful at
reproducing than others would spread through the population over time.
Organisms that were better suited to a particular environment in any generation
would have an advantage that would ensure that the next generation contained a
high percentage of their offspring. Natural selection, then, is the filter which allows
only those organisms with the best traits to produce offspring successfully.
Although chance always plays a role in deciding the fate of an individual organism,
over a number of generations advantages conferred by particular traits make it
more likely that organisms who have those traits survive for long enough to
reproduce. Over time this leads to organisms which are better adapted to the
environment they live in than their predecessors were.
SAMPLE SUMMARY: The process of natural selection, which has been explained in
the book “Origin of Species” by Darvin, fully altered our understanding of evolution,
because he stated that the natural selection is the process which drives our
evolution and allows organism with the best traits to adapt better to the
environment and be more sustainable and reproduce.
PTE MADE EASY
HOW TO WRITE A PTE ESSAY

It is important to learn about PTE essays because there are different essay types,
and these will require different ways to answer them.
These are some of the types of PTE essays you can get in the test:
 Agree / disagree
 Discuss two opinions
 Advantages & disadvantages
 Causes (reasons) & solutions
 Causes (reasons) & effects
 Problems & solutions
Not every essay will fit one of these patterns, but many do.
You may get some of these tasks mixed up. For example, you could be asked to
give your opinion on an issue, and then discuss the advantages or disadvantages
of it.
The golden rule is to ALWAYS read the question very carefully to see exactly
what you are being asked to do.
A PTE essay is structured like any other essay; you just need to make it shorter.
There are three key elements:
1. Introduction
2. Body Paragraphs(2-3)
3. Conclusion
We will look at each of these in turn, using the sample essay question on IT
(INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) as an example.
1) Introduction
You should keep your introduction for the PTE essay short. Remember you only
have 20 minutes to type the essay, and some of this time needs to be spent
planning. Therefore, you need to be able to write your introduction fairly quickly to
start writing your body paragraphs.
PTE MADE EASY
You should do just two things:
 State the topic of the essay, using some basic facts (that you may be able to
take from the question)
 Say what you are going to write about
Here is an example introduction for the essay question about IT:
The last two decades have seen enormous changes in the way people's lives are
affected by IT. while these technological advances have brought many benefits
to the world, it can be argued that these developments in IT will result in more
negative impacts than positive.
As you can see, the first sentence makes sure it refers to the topic (IT) and uses
facts about IT taken from the question. Note that these are paraphrased - you
must not copy from the rubric!
The second part then clearly sets out what the essay will be about and confirms
the writers opinion (some questions may not ask for your opinion, but this one
does).
2) Body Paragraphs
For a PTE essay, you should have 2 or 3 body paragraphs - no more, and no less.
For your body paragraph, each paragraph should contain one controlling idea,
and some sentences to support this.
Let’s look at the first paragraph for the essay about IT. The essay is about the
benefits and drawbacks of IT, so these will need to be discussed in separate
paragraphs.
Here is the first body paragraph:
To begin, email has made communication, especially abroad, much simpler and
faster, resulting in numerous benefits for commerce and business. Furthermore,
the World Wide Web means that information on every conceivable subject is now
available to us. For example, people can access news, medical advice, online
education courses and much more via the internet. It is evident that these
improvements have made life far easier and more convenient for large numbers
of people and will continue to do so for decades to come.
PTE MADE EASY
The controlling idea in this first paragraph is the 'benefits of IT', and there are
two supporting ideas, which are underlined. No drawbacks are discussed as the
paragraph would then lose coherence.
Most of the essay will focus on the negative aspects of IT, as the writer says there
are more negative effects in the introduction. So the next two paragraphs are
about these.
The topic sentence in the next paragraph therefore tells us we are changing the
focus to the negative points:
Nevertheless, the effects of this new technology have not all been beneficial.
For example, many people feel that the widespread use of email is destroying
traditional forms of communication such as letter writing, telephone and face-to-
face conversation. This could result in a decline in people's basic ability to socialize
and interact with each other on a day-to-day basis.
The final body paragraph gives the last negative effect:
In addition, the large size of the Web has meant that it is nearly impossible to
regulate and control. This has led to many concerns regarding children accessing
unsuitable websites and viruses. Unfortunately, this kind of problem might even
get worse in the future at least until more regulated systems are set up.
3) Conclusion
The conclusion only needs to be one or two sentences, and you can do the
following:
 Re-state what the essay is about (re-write the last sentence of your
introduction in different words)
 Give some thoughts about the future
Here is an example:
In conclusion, developments in IT have brought many benefits, yet I believe

developments relating to new technology are likely to produce many negative
effects in the future that must be addressed if we are to avoid damaging impacts
on individuals and society.
PTE MADE EASY
The full PTE Essay:

The last two decades have seen enormous changes in the way people's lives are
affected by IT, with many advances in this field. However, while these technological
advances have brought many benefits to the world, it can be argued that these
developments in IT will result in more negative impacts than positive.
To begin, email has made communication, especially abroad, much simpler and
faster, resulting in numerous benefits for commerce and business. Furthermore,
the World Wide Web means that information on every conceivable subject is now
available to us. For example, people can access news, medical advice, online
education courses and much more via the internet. It is evident that these
improvements have made life far easier and more convenient for large numbers of
people and will continue to do so for decades to come.
Nevertheless, the effects of this new technology have not all been beneficial. For
example, many people feel that the widespread use of email is destroying
traditional forms of communication such as letter writing, telephone and face-to-
face conversation. This could result in a decline in people's basic ability to socialize
and interact with each other on a day-to-day basis.
In addition, the large size of the Web has meant that it is nearly impossible to
regulate and control. This has led to many concerns regarding children accessing
unsuitable websites and viruses. Unfortunately, this kind of problem might even
get worse in the future at least until more regulated systems are set up.
In conclusion, developments in IT have brought many benefits, yet I believe

developments relating to new technology are likely to produce many negative
effects in the future that must be addressed if we are to avoid damaging impacts
on individuals and society.
PTE MADE EASY
40 USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES

FOR TOP-NOTCH PTE ESSAYS
1. In order to
Usage: “In order to” can be used to introduce an explanation for the purpose of
an argument.
Example: “In order to understand X, we need first to understand Y.”
2. In other words
Usage: Use “in other words” when you want to express something in a different
way (more simply), to make it easier to understand, or to emphasise or expand on
a point.
Example: “Frogs are amphibians. In other words, they live on the land and in the
water.”
3. To put it another way

Usage: This phrase is another way of saying “in other words”, and can be used in
particularly complex points, when you feel that an alternative way of wording a
problem may help the reader achieve a better understanding of its significance.
Example: “Plants rely on photosynthesis. To put it another way, they will die
without the sun.”
4. That is to say
Usage: “That is” and “that is to say” can be used to add further detail to your
explanation, or to be more precise.
Example: “Whales are mammals. That is to say, they must breathe air.”
5. To that end
Usage: Use “to that end” or “to this end” in a similar way to “in order to” or “so”.
Example: “Zoologists have long sought to understand how animals communicate
with each other. To that end, a new study has been launched that looks at
elephant sounds and their possible meanings.”
PTE MADE EASY
ADDING ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO SUPPORT A POINT

Students often make the mistake of using synonyms of “and” each time they
want to add further information in support of a point they’re making, or to build
an argument. Here are some cleverer ways of doing this.
6. Moreover
Usage: Employ “moreover” at the start of a sentence to add extra information in
support of a point you’re making.
Example: “Moreover, the results of a recent piece of research provide compelling
evidence in support of…”
7. Furthermore
Usage: This is also generally used at the start of a sentence, to add extra
information.
Example: “Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that…”
8. What’s more
Usage: This is used in the same way as “moreover” and “furthermore”.
Example: “What’s more, this isn’t the only evidence that supports this
hypothesis.”
9. Likewise
Usage: Use “likewise” when you want to talk about something that agrees with
what you’ve just mentioned.
Example: “Scholar A believes X. Likewise, Scholar B argues compellingly in favour
of this point of view.”
10. Similarly
Usage: Use “similarly” in the same way as “likewise”.
PTE MADE EASY
11. Another key thing to remember

Usage: Use the phrase “another key point to remember” or “another key fact to
remember” to introduce additional facts without using the word “also”.
Example: “As a Romantic poet, Blake was a proponent of a closer relationship
between humans and nature. Another key point to remember is that Blake was
writing during the Industrial Revolution, which had a major impact on the world
around him.”
12. As well as
Usage: Use “as well as” instead of “also” or “and”.
Example: “Scholar A argued that this was due to X, as well as Y.”
13. Not only… but also

Usage: This wording is used to add an extra piece of information, often something
that’s in some way more surprising or unexpected than the first piece of
information.
14. Coupled with

Usage: Used when considering two or more arguments at a time.
Example: “Coupled with the literary evidence, the statistics paint a compelling
view of…”
15. Firstly, secondly, thirdly…

Usage: This can be used to structure an argument, presenting facts clearly one
after the other.
Example: “There are many points in support of this view. Firstly, X. Secondly, Y.
And thirdly, Z.
16. Not to mention/to say nothing of

Usage: “Not to mention” and “to say nothing of” can be used to add extra
information with a bit of emphasis.
PTE MADE EASY
Example: “The war caused unprecedented suffering to millions of people, not to

mention its impact on the country’s economy.”
WORDS AND PHRASES FOR DEMONSTRATING CONTRAST

When you’re developing an argument, you will often need to present contrasting
or opposing opinions or evidence – “it could show this, but it could also show
this”, or “X says this, but Y disagrees”. This section covers words you can use
instead of the “but” in these examples, to make your writing sound more
intelligent and interesting.
17. However
Usage: Use “however” to introduce a point that disagrees with what you’ve just
said.
Example: “Scholar A thinks this. However, Scholar B reached a different
conclusion.”
18. On the other hand

Usage: Usage of this phrase includes introducing a contrasting interpretation of
the same piece of evidence, a different piece of evidence that suggests something
else, or an opposing opinion.
Example: “The historical evidence appears to suggest a clear-cut situation. On the
other hand, the archaeological evidence presents a somewhat less
straightforward picture of what happened that day.”
19. Having said that

Usage: Used in a similar manner to “on the other hand” or “but”.
Example: “The historians are unanimous in telling us X, an agreement that
suggests that this version of events must be an accurate account. Having said
that, the archaeology tells a different story.”
20. By contrast/in comparison

Usage: Use “by contrast” or “in comparison” when you’re comparing and
contrasting pieces of evidence.
PTE MADE EASY
Example: “Scholar A’s opinion, then, is based on insufficient evidence. By

contrast, Scholar B’s opinion seems more plausible.”
21. Then again

Usage: Use this to cast doubt on an assertion.
Example: “Writer A asserts that this was the reason for what happened. Then
again, it’s possible that he was being paid to say this.”
22. That said

Usage: This is used in the same way as “then again”.
Example: “The evidence ostensibly appears to point to this conclusion. That said,
much of the evidence is unreliable at best.”
23. Yet
Usage: Use this when you want to introduce a contrasting idea.
Example: “Much of scholarship has focused on this evidence, yet not everyone
agrees that this is the most important aspect of the situation.”
ADDING A OR ACKNOWLEDGING RESERVATIONS

Sometimes, you may need to acknowledge a shortfalling in a piece of evidence, or
add a proviso. Here are some ways of doing so.
24. Despite this

Usage: Use “despite this” or “in spite of this” when you want to outline a point
that stands regardless of a shortfalling in the evidence.
Example: “The sample size was small, but the results were important despite
this.”
25. With this in mind

Usage: Use this when you want your reader to consider a point in the knowledge
of something else.
Example: “We’ve seen that the methods used in the 19th century study did not
always live up to the rigorous standards expected in scientific research today,
PTE MADE EASY
which makes it difficult to draw definite conclusions. With this in mind, let’s look
at a more recent study to see how the results compare.”
26. Provided that

Usage: This means “on condition that”. You can also say “providing that” or just
“providing” to mean the same thing.
Example: “We may use this as evidence to support our argument, provided that
we bear in mind the limitations of the methods used to obtain it.”
27. In view of/in light of

Usage: These phrases are used when something has shed light on something else.
Example: “In light of the evidence from the 2013 study, we have a better
understanding of…”
28. Nonetheless
Usage: This is similar to “despite this”.
Example: “The study had its limitations, but it was nonetheless groundbreaking
for its day.”
29. Nevertheless
Usage: This is the same as “nonetheless”.
Example: “The study was flawed, but it was important nevertheless.”
30. Notwithstanding
Usage: This is another way of saying “nonetheless”.
Example: “Notwithstanding the limitations of the methodology used, it was an
important study in the development of how we view the workings of the human
mind.”
GIVING EXAMPLES
Good essays always back up points with examples, but it’s going to get boring if
you use the expression “for example” every time. Here are a couple of other ways
of saying the same thing.
PTE MADE EASY
31. For instance

Example: “Some birds migrate to avoid harsher winter climates. Swallows, for
instance, leave the UK in early winter and fly south…”
32. To give an illustration

Example: “To give an illustration of what I mean, let’s look at the case of…”
SIGNIFYING IMPORTANCE
When you want to demonstrate that a point is particularly important, there are
several ways of highlighting it as such.
33. Significantly
Usage: Used to introduce a point that is loaded with meaning that might not be
immediately apparent.
Example: “Significantly, Tacitus omits to tell us the kind of gossip prevalent in
Suetonius’ accounts of the same period.”
34. Notably
Usage: This can be used to mean “significantly” (as above), and it can also be used
interchangeably with “in particular” (the example below demonstrates the first of
these ways of using it).
Example: “Actual figures are notably absent from Scholar A’s analysis.”
35. Importantly
Usage: Use “importantly” interchangeably with “significantly”.
Example: “Importantly, Scholar A was being employed by X when he wrote this
work, and was presumably therefore under pressure to portray the situation
more favourably than he perhaps might otherwise have done.”
SUMMARISING
You’ve almost made it to the end of the essay, but your work isn’t over yet. You
need to end by wrapping up everything you’ve talked about, showing that you’ve
PTE MADE EASY
considered the arguments on both sides and reached the most likely conclusion.
Here are some words and phrases to help you.
36. In conclusion
Usage: Typically used to introduce the concluding paragraph or sentence of an
essay, summarising what you’ve discussed in a broad overview.
Example: “In conclusion, the evidence points almost exclusively to Argument A.”
37. Above all

Usage: Used to signify what you believe to be the most significant point, and the
main takeaway from the essay.
Example: “Above all, it seems pertinent to remember that…”
38. Persuasive
Usage: This is a useful word to use when summarising which argument you find
most convincing.
Example: “Scholar A’s point – that M.r X was motivated by financial gain – seems
to me to be the most persuasive argument for her actions.
39. Compelling
Usage: Use in the same way as “persuasive” above.
Example: “The most compelling argument is presented by Scholar A.”
40. All things considered

Usage: This means “taking everything into account”.
Example: “All things considered, it seems reasonable to assume that…”
PTE MADE EASY
AN EXAMPLE OF USING THESE WORDS/LINKERS/PHRASES

IN ANY TYPICAL ESSAY
People’s opinions differ as to whether or not…………………
While there are some strong arguments against….., I still believe that……….
There are several reasons why people might argue that
Firstly,
Secondly,
Finally,
In spite of the above arguments, I support the view that
The main benefit of
For example,
In my view,
In conclusion, ......certainly has its drawbacks, but I believe that the benefits
outweigh them in the long term.
PTE MADE EASY
BASIC ESSAY WRITING STRUCTURE
Here is more detail on the sentences that should be written within each of these
paragraphs along with examples based around this sample
Government investment in the visual arts, the kind you commonly see in art
galleries, is a waste of money. Governments must invest this money in public
services instead. To what extent do you agree with this statement?
Introduction
Aim to write three sentences around 60 words in total.
 Sentence 1 – Paraphrase the task question or write a general statement relating
to the topic using synonyms of the key words used in the question. E.g. These days,
many local governments spend large portions of their budget not only on public
services, but also on the visual arts.
 Sentence 2 – State your opinion or point of view on the question being asked. E.g
– Although I agree that it is important to invest in local amenities, I do not think
spending on the visual arts is a waste of money.
 Sentence 3 – Give an essay overview including a summarizing phrase like: E.g. This
essay will discuss this issue using examples to support arguments and demonstrate
points.
Supporting Paragraphs
The two supporting paragraphs should include your ideas and supporting examples
to answer the task question. Aim to write only two supporting paragraphs with
roughly 85 words in each. Each paragraph should contain the following four
sentences and stick to one idea per paragraph:
Paragraph 1:
 Sentence 1 – State your 1st position. Eg. On the one hand, spending a significant
amount of the government budget on public services is beneficial for society.
 Sentence 2 – Explain why you hold that position. Eg. Providing for basic amenities,
such as hospitals, roads, and schools, helps to determine the quality of life that
most citizens will have.
 Sentence 3 – Give an academic example that backs up your idea. Eg. For example,
a recent survey by Education Today shows that countries that spend more on
PTE MADE EASY
schools have a population that is higher in literacy, by 65%, compared to those that
dedicate no money to education.
 Sentence 4 – Summarise the paragraph showing how your example links your
idea/argument back to the main idea. Eg. Therefore it is apparent that spending on
public services is a worthwhile investment for a government.
Paragraph 2:
 Sentence 1 – State your 2nd position. Eg. However, this does not mean that the
visual arts should be completely neglected.
 Sentence 2 – Explain why you hold that position. Eg. The visual arts also have an
important impact on our quality of life.
 Sentence 3 – Give an academic example that backs up your idea. Eg. For example,
a recent study conducted by the World Health Organization concluded that
individuals that regularly visit art galleries are cited as being 20% happier in life than
people who do not.
 Sentence 4 – Summarise the paragraph showing how your example links your
idea/argument back to the main idea. Eg. Seeing the health benefits that many
people get from the visual arts, it is important that the government assists such
institutions so that they can continue to provide pleasure to the public.
Conclusion
For the conclusion, aim to write just one or two sentences that paraphrase what
you’ve discussed in the essay. Try to keep under 45 words.
 Sentence 1 – Summarise the essay. Be sure to start this sentence with an
appropriate linking phrase (i.e. In conclusion, To sum up, Consequently) followed
by an overall summary of what you’ve just written. E.g. To sum up, although there
are clear benefits of ensuring a large amount of investment goes into public
services, I do not believe spending money on the arts is a waste of money as this
too provides important benefits.
 Sentence 2 – Give a Final Thought. Eg. In the future, governments should consider
budgeting for both.
PTE MADE EASY
DIFFERENT STRUCTURES TO ANSWER ALMOST EVERY ESSAY QUESTION IN PTE.
Problem and solution Essays
Paragraph One (Introduction)

 Sentence One: A hook. This is an interesting sentence that introduces the
topic without stating your main point. Example: "The problem of has
emerged as one of the most significant problems facing humans in the
twenty-first century."
 Sentence Two: A transition. Example: "In the following essay I will discuss
some of the biggest problems associated with , before suggesting a
possible solutions."
Paragraph Two (Body)
 One sentence which states the biggest problem. Example: "The main
problem related to is .
 One sentence which provides more detail about this problem.
 One sentence which states the consequences of this problem.
 A specific example of this problem that might happen in the real world.
Paragraph Three (Body)
 One sentence which states the best solution to this problem. Example: "In
my opinion, the best way to overcome is to .
 One sentence which provides more information about this solution.
 Two sentences which give an example of how this solution can be applied in a
real-world situation
Paragraph Four (conclusion)
 A one sentence restatement of the problem and solution
 A "clincher," which is an interesting personal comment on the topic.
PTE MADE EASY
Opinion Essays (Agree/Disagree)

topic without stating your main point. Example: "Censorship of the media
has emerged as one of the most discussed issues of the modern era."
 Sentence Two: Your main idea. Example: "I strongly agree that it is never
appropriate for the government to engage in media censorship."
 Sentence Three: A transition. Example: "I feel this way for two main
reasons, which I will explore in the following essay."
 A topic sentence that clearly states your first main reason.
 One or two general sentences about this reason

 A real-world example of this reason.
 A conclusion (paraphrase your main point).
 A topic sentence that clearly states your second main reason.
 One or two general sentences about this reason.

 A transition Example: "My personal experience is a good example of this."
 A personal example from your life which illustrates your point (one or two
sentences)
 A one sentence restatement of your point. Example: "In conclusion, I strongly
believe..."
 A paraphrase of your reasons. Example: "This is because REASON ONE and
REASON TWO."
PTE MADE EASY
Discussing Both Views Essays (Compare and Contrast)

topic without stating your main point. Example: "The question of gender
based schooling has emerged as one of the most discussed issues of the
modern era."
 Sentence Two: Summarize the opposing viewpoints. Example: "Some
people believe , while others feel that .
 Sentence Three: A transition. Example: "In this essay I will explore both
points of view and state my opinions of each."
 one sentence statement of the first opinion. Example: "Many people feel
strongly that .
 One or two sentences that provide more information about this opinion.
 One sentence that states your opinion on this. Example: "I am of the opinion
that this belief is faulty."
 One sentence that describes why you feel this way.
 An example from your life that supports your opinion. One or two sentences.
 one sentence statement of the second opinion. Example: "On the other
hand, others feel just as strongly that ."
 One or two sentences that provide more information about this opinion.
 One sentence that states your opinion on this. Example: "I am of the opinion
that this belief is quite correct."
 One sentence that describes why you feel this way.
 An example from your life that supports your opinion. One or two sentences.
 A description of the debate. Example: "In conclusion, both views regarding
have their merits."
 A paraphrase of your opinion. Example: "However, as a result of my life
experience, I strongly believe that ."
PTE MADE EASY
Advantages and disadvantages Essays (Compare and Contrast)

topic without stating your main point. Example: "These days, more and more
students are choosing to enroll in universities."
 Sentence Two: A transition. Example: "In this essay I will explore the
advantages and disadvantages of before giving my opinion on the
issue."
 A one sentence statement of the first advantage. Example: "One of the most
cited advantages of is .
 One or two sentences that provide more information about this advantage.
 One or two sentences that talk about a possible real-world (or something
from your own life) example of this advantage in action.
 A one sentence statement of the first advantage. Example: "One of the most
cited advantages of is .
 One or two sentences that provide more information about this advantage.
 One or two sentences that talk about a possible real-world (or something
from your own life) example of this advantage in action.
 A summary of the advantages and disadvantages. Example: "In conclusion,

the main advantage of is _ _, while the primary disadvantage is
."
 A statement of your opinion. Example: "In light of the above, my personal
belief is ."
PTE MADE EASY
FREQUENTLY ASKED ESSAYS IN WRITING TASK-2

1. Do you think consumers should avoid over packaged products or is it the
responsibility of producers?
Over-packaging of products has become a trend in today's competitive world.
Producers are trying to attract consumers with an attractive packaging of their
products, not bothered about its negative impact not only on our environment but
also on the users. It should be the responsibility of the producers to limit the
wastage of the resources in the form of unnecessary packaging.
The cost of over packaging is actually added to the product sold. In fact, at times it
is seen the packing cost and durability is more that the product itself. The type of
packaging found in pharmaceutical industries can be taken as an example here. Pills
and tablets are found to be packed in much bigger and colourful strips than
needed. Does this increase the sale of medicine? No. Such packaging is of no
concern to the consumers. But, the cost of medicine would have definitely been
lesser if sold in a simple outlook.
Further, the material used is mostly non-disposable which adds to the

environmental pollution to a great extent. Snacks and other food items packaged
in eye-catchy shimmering coloured packets are consumed on a large scale by
everybody. These packets are really difficult to dispose of as they emit poisonous
gas if burnt and if not can be seen to contaminate water somewhere. Producers
should realise the importance of using materials like paper and stick to simple
packaging.
Packaging as seen increases the cost of the product and also makes our
environment unhealthy, so this packaging boom should be checked on a serious
note by the producers. Moreover, the producers should be restricted to predefine
rules and parameters set by the government.
PTE MADE EASY
2. Many people think that regions affect successful person. What is your opinion
about native region and accomplished person’s influence on the region person
belongs to?
Success in any area of life never happens in a complete vacuum. Often it is just as
much dependent on an individual’s will-power and intelligence as it is on their
environment and outside circumstances.
To find happiness and success,one therefore needs to pay attention and take some
control over the type of environments one is surrounded on a daily basis; even the
strongest and the brightest of minds will find it difficult to achieve their goals if they
are in a completely wrong environment .
This is because every aspect of your external life has some influence over one’s
internal thoughts and behaviors, especially the people one surrounds oneself, and
the type of places where one spend most of one’s time.
The first main aspect of our environment that influences our success is the people
we surround ourselves with on a daily basis.For example, surrounding yourself with
friends who are more self-disciplined can also help you become more self-
disciplined. This is just one of many examples of how our social network can have
an influence over our own behavior and goal-seeking. It fits well with other
research that shows if one hangs around people who are obese and unhealthy, it’s
more likely one will become obese and unhealthy. And if one hangs around with
people who are lazy and don’t study for class, it’s likely, one will end up with similar
grades as theirs too.
The second main aspect of our environment that influences our success is the
places we spend most of our time at.For example, one important factor that has
shown to increase productivity and happiness is giving people some freedom to
design their own workplace.Taking ownership over where one spends your time
allows you to choose an environment that motivates and inspires. A good
environment for success should keep one’s senses stimulated and awake.
At the end of the day, you can’t meet your full potential for success unless you find
an environment that brings out the very best in you.
PTE MADE EASY
4.What is the role of governments, companies and individuals to combat climate

change?
The frequent rise in temperature due to global warming has adversely affected the
entire creature on this earth. No one is hidden from the worse impact of this
climate change. Concerted efforts by all individuals, Government and organisation
are needed to save the sanctity of nature.
To embark with, The Government has a key role in protecting the environment as
it is a creator of legislation in the society. The Government should enact stringent
rules on those who deteriorate the environment. In addition to, educational
programs for awareness among public should be promoted regularly. Moreover,
there should be some regulatory authorities who regularly check the emission of
gases from vehicles and factories and take immediate actions to reduce it.
On the other hand, industrialists also have crucial roles to play. They should discard
properly toxic materials from the factories. Furthermore, Companies should follow
sustainable environment in their location.
Finally, as an individual, a person should reduce using private vehicles and follow
only public transport in order to emit fewer gases in the environment. Moreover,
growing plants and trees near the location can help to exhale fresh air in the
surroundings.
To conclude, there is a need for the concerted efforts to fight climate change and
imposing responsibility on one chain could be disloyalty with the service which we
have to give to our planet.
PTE MADE EASY
4. Nowadays, the mass media including TV, radio and newspaper have become
the essential part of our lives. What is your opinion?
Nowadays, there is an ongoing debate about the mass media including TV,
newspaper and radios as they play an important role in people’s lives. it is possible
to claim that newspapers, mass media and radio update us what is going on in this
world, and also all these sources help people raise their standard if lives.
There are several reasons why newspapers, TV and radio are considered to be
advantages to us. One of them is that reading daily newspaper gives information
about every corner of the world including the sports, movies etc and motivates us
to achieve something. Media gives us live information, and current events,
inventions, wars etc. It can also be argued that we tend to waste hours by watching
television instead of working on our goals.
In my personal view, students who are poor in reading and writing the assignments,
I highly recommend them to spend time on reading daily newspaper at least one
hour can improve their English fluency, grammar and vocabulary rather wasting
time in watching useless TV shows. Most of the times, listening to radio helps when
one is driving, it entertains us and sometimes gives useful stuff about traffic
updates.
To conclude, the mass media including TV, newspaper and radio play a vital role
our life, it will be very helpful when they are used in proper way and it will mislead
or waste our time when it is misused.
PTE MADE EASY
5. The mass media including TV, Radio and newspaper influence our society and
shape our opinions and characters. What is your opinion?
Newspapers, radio, television, and the Internet—including e-mail and blogs—are
significantly influential on our society, especially in affirming attitudes and opinions
that are already established. The news media focus the public’s attention on
certain personalities and issues, leading many people to form opinions about them.
Mass media sets the news agenda, which shapes the public's views on what is
newsworthy and important. It is a system used by advertisement agencies and
media outlets, such as television channels and radio stations to "convince" their
audiences to do or act in a certain way. It appeals to the vulnerability of the desired
target.
For instance, a famous person or persons Who are recognized and admired by
whole communities. These individuals have the "Power" to convince their followers
or fans into taking any kind of action or decision. Therefore, these famous people
usually are linked or work for some media outlet and are used, to influence the
community accordingly.
The media has changed significantly in the past years. Because of the availability of
television and radio all populations and classes have been exposed to various types
of media. The Internet has provided an even newer media resource. The majority
of people live in a very fast paced society. They have very little time for reading and
exploring the truth of information.
The producers of media publication are aware of this and use the media to
influence public choice and opinion. The problem lies in that many people are
gullible and society as a whole is easily influenced by the media representations.
The media also responds to public demand and provides the information that the
public craves.
A positive aspect of the media’s bias has been that it has facilitated change in
people’s perception of races in a positive manner, exposed people to other
cultures, made people aware of environmental needs, and the needs of people far
away. While there can also be negative implications the media also has to reflect
the public’s point of view. With the growing representation of Hispanics, African
Americans, and other minority groups, the media is under pressure to present
them in a more positive light.
PTE MADE EASY
6. Company’s top level authorities should involve their employees in decision

making process. Discuss
The solid foundation of any successful company is its people. Employees represent
a source of knowledge and ideas, but oftentimes that resource remains untapped.
Involving employees in the decision-making process not only empowers them to
contribute to the success of an organization, but also saves the company time and
money. It also increases productivity and reduces outsourcing.
Actively engaging workers in the decision-making process increases overall
company morale. Employees understand their ideas. They provide an important
contribution to the company, and gives them the power to influence the outcome
of their work leading to increased job satisfaction and a positive attitude.
Using employees in the decision-making process, rather than outsourcing, saves
money, time, and offers the company long-term reliable assistance from those who
know the corporation well.
Teamwork-Participation in the decision-making process gives each employee the
opportunity to voice their opinions, and to share their knowledge with others.
While this improves the relationship between manager and employee, it also
encourages a strong sense of teamwork among workers.
PTE MADE EASY
7. Travel to study is over rated; we have brilliant scholars who studied locally. Is
travel really required for higher studies?
For higher studies, some people travel abroad even though we have great
doctorates who completed their research studies without moving from away from
their home towns. Truly speaking, we are not required to move to other countries
for higher education.
Some of the students and parents have their mind set that migration for
postgraduates and undergraduates would be benefitted. They assume that the
quality of university in their country is not sophisticated for the students’ future.
Especially, the job market after the graduation would be a questionable one. The
companies in their countries would not come for campus interview, even for
ranked universities. This would cause a vast change in the students’ career after
completing their college.
At that same time, the students who belong to middle class, they are never taught
that they would go to another country for university studies. They compromise and
manage the studies in their own country. They think of great scientists and
entrepreneurs who are shining in their home country. They strongly believe and
debate that traveling for higher education would never give them any splendid
performance rather it is a lavish thing. It really depends on the talents of the
individual not schools.
In conclusion, journey for higher studies never makes any change for the people. It
all relies on the brilliance and intellectualism of the individual, not universities, so
everyone can learn a lot in one’s own country.
PTE MADE EASY
8. What are the Pros and Cons of expreme/adventure sports?

Undoubtedly, sports activities have become important part of everyone’s life.
Right from childhood, everyone plays games/sports. When people get bored from
routine work, they need some change or excitement to release the work stress. In
earlier time, most of the people played common games/sports like cricket,
football and hockey, but nowadays, playing dangerous and adventurous sports
has become a new trend of sports. Everyone wants to do different in sports
activities. However, one section of society believes that adventurous sports play a
prime role in our life but others oppose this notation.
To initiate, there are multiple reason/factors that people play adventurous sports
like ice hockey, car racing, skinning and so one. The first and foremost reason is
that greed of name and fame. Many people’s names have been recorded in the
Guinness world book of record for their courage actions in sports. The second
reason is that it becomes a popular way to make money. It also helps to increase
self-confidence, physical stamina. It helps to enhance fear management skill. High
calories are burnt in these kinds of sports. In my view, the major factor of that is
risk taking attitude.
Diving deeper into the topic, on other hand, some people believe that these kinds
of sports are main cause of serious injuries and even deaths. These kinds of sports
are very expensive and not available everywhere. Some people say that it is
foolish idea to take unnecessary danger just for fun and enjoyment.
In conclusion, it is clear that adventurous sports are highly beneficial for health
and wealth and also require special training skill.
PTE MADE EASY
9. The environment we live in is in danger due to various problems. What are

the underlying causes? Who is responsible to combat this? What measures can
be taken?
Global warming is one of the most alarming issues affecting the entire world and
implementing effective measures to curb this, is imperative for the survival of the
living beings.
The major causes of global warming are the excessive emission of carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere and deforestation. Due to the dependence of man on vehicles
that use fossil fuels the rate of air pollution has increased in the last decade.
Home appliances like air conditioners and refrigerators release harmful gases in
the atmosphere which is hazardous to the ozone layer. Industries too use fossil
fuels and release toxic gases and wastes in the surroundings which has become an
alarming concern as it is interfering with the fauna and flora. As a result of
population explosion forests are being cut down for land and other resources.
This is causing the carbon dioxide to remain in the atmosphere as trees are the
major consumers of carbon dioxide.
However, under such circumstances, it is the responsibility of the government,

industries and all of us to work together to save the planet. Government should
pass laws that inhibit the release of the toxic wastes from industries into the
surrounding and generate recycling processes. Use of vehicles could be
discouraged by increasing taxes on vehicles and fuels. Government and non
government organisations should work towards encouraging citizens towards
planting trees. Industries could have a green belt around it. People should reduce
the use of plastics.
To conclude, it is the responsibility of the humankind to take steps towards

protecting the Earth from the ill effects of climate
PTE MADE EASY
10.In education system, assessment through formal written examination is still

valid. Do you agree?
It is an irrefutable fact that in this contemporary world, examination is necessary
to evaluates students’ performance. In this scenario, some people argue that
formal examination is necessary for student’s while others not. I staunchly agree to
the statement that formal examination is required in schools
There are various factors supporting formal examinations in the schools. First and
foremost is to evaluate students’ knowledge. It is generally seen that to find the
student’s knowledge and performance throughout the educational year
examinations are the best way. For example, grades and results in schools decide
students’ capacity to persue the next academic year. In addition, formal
examinations will conduct under the faculty authorisation so no there is no chance
to cheating.
Despite having lots of reasons to support formal examinations, there are some
arguments from those who do not agree to, and cannot be neglected without
careful consideration. Students get more stressed; can be the most detrimental
factor to be considered. It may be claimed that most of the students are not able
to write formal examinations as like clever students. For example, every student
feels happy to get continual assessment which has more project works and course
work than classroom examinations.
In the end, indeed, formal examinations are more useful to evaluate the students
capacity. However, Continual assessment process is also considerable to mitigate
the problems of formal assessment.
PTE MADE EASY
11. Large shopping malls are replacing small shops. What is your opinion?
This is a true fact to consider that present world has become a global village.
Therefore, people are motivated to buy their necessities from the competitive
market. As a result, the number of shopping malls has been established for the past
two decades in almost all cities of the world. Considering this, there are some
analysts who hold an opinion that large shopping malls are replacing small shops,
while others consider that, large shopping malls should not be replacing small
shops. This essay will assert both side of this contention before deducing a
reasonable conclusion.
There are reasons for people to believe that large shopping malls are important to
be established as multi stories shopping malls come with a large number of stores
and other facilities under one roof. First and foremost time saving from shopping
from such multi-complex buildings could be a significant factor. It may be defined
as the majority of them prefer to go to the shopping malls rather than the single
stores because a variety of options are available in one complex. For example,
clothes, groceries, banks, pharmacies, cinemas, food courts, and restaurants etc.
are all available under a single roof and people get better environment from such
establishment.
There are some groups who are in favour of single shops and opine that this trend
should be continued. They have their reasons as well. In spite of views discussed
above regarding why large shopping malls are ideal to the modern society. Parking
problems could be a substantial reason behind the opponent's viewpoint. There
including excursive crowding in the shopping complex, especially on weekends and
holidays. As a result, shoppers have to spend a long time in the parking bays rather
than the shopping in small shops. The prices in large shopping malls are often
unreasonable and people end up purchasing more than they actually need. The
large shopping malls are not often convenient for the lower and middle-class
population.
In last, undoubtedly, whether shopping in a large shopping complex or single small

shops could be matter of discussion; however, as far as I am concerned, big
shopping malls have immense benefits to the modern society that outweigh the
options and conveniences offered by the small shops.
PTE MADE EASY
12. Nowadays, people spend too much time at work to the extent that they
hardly have time for their personal life. Discuss.
If people don't have time to relax and recharge, their ability to do their job
decreases and their performance level suffers.Work-life balance is about creating
and maintaining supportive and healthy work environments, which will enable
employees to have balance between work and personal responsibilities and thus
strengthen employee loyalty and productivity.
Today’s workers have many competing responsibilities such as work, children,
housework, volunteering, spouse and elderly parent care and this places stress on
individuals, families and the communities in which they reside. Work-life conflict is
a serious problem that impacts workers, their employers and communities.
Long work hours and highly stressful jobs not only hamper employees’ ability to
harmonize work and family life but also are associated with health risks, such as
increased smoking and alcohol consumption, weight gain and depression. Work life
conflict has been associated with numerous physical and mental health
implications.
Work-life conflict has negative implications on family life. Their work
responsibilities interfere with their ability to fulfill their responsibilities at home.
PTE MADE EASY
13. It is usually foolish to get married before completing your studies and
getting established in a good job? Do you agree or disagree".
All over the world it can be noticed that most of adults get married before finishing
their higher education over the past few decades.It is argued that getting married
while studying or before getting a stable job can be arduous at times. This will be
shown by analysing how it can afflict a person’s studies and unestablished
employment.
To begin with, marriage is a huge responsibility and one should be prepared for all
the challenges associated with it. The responsibility of a spouse can augment
person’s chores to a greater degree. For an instance, a married person has to take
out some time for his studies to spend with his spouse, whereas a single person can
focus on his studies and has advantage to score higher grades. When looking at this
example it is clear that, marriage is a hindrance for a student. From this it can be
concluded that it’s better to delay marriage and focus on academics.
Additionally, initial stages of work life are usually gruelling. One has to spend
considerable amount of hours to get established in a good job. A relevant example
i would like to mention is that a person settling up in a job may have to travel to
different locations or branches. If the spouse is dependent, it can be tough to be
flexible to cater to the demands of workplace. When looking at this example it is
obvious that it is foolish to get married prior to getting a stable job.
To recapitulate, I believe that education and financial security makes an individual

truly eligible for marriage. These factors are a necessity to live a healthy and
desirable life.
PTE MADE EASY
14. Some people believe law changes human behaviour. Do you agree or not?
Law, in general, is written rules and regulations that are meant for individuals or
groups of the society. Law was created, and intended, to guide and shape behavior.
I believe law affects people’s behavior. The punishment or reward associated with
law causes people to change their behavior.
Law is for the betterment of society and individuals. The consequences of obeying
or disobeying laws impact people in their everyday life. Thereby, law influences
how people behave with others in a society. Breaking the law would mean trouble.
This fear of consequences makes people behave in both their social and
professional capacities. For example, earlier ‘male homosexual acts’ were a crime
in many nations and now with advancement in law, people are now accepting gay
members and open about their sexuality.
Many times, people experience legal problems, and these legal problems can
impact negatively on their life areas. The mental harassment can bring considerable
adverse consequences like going against the system. On the other hand, the law to
ensure women’s rights makes the women feel equal and safe in society thus
bringing a positive change in their behavior. In this sense, laws do influences people
behavior in very significant ways.
In conclusion, as a result of facing possible penalties, people are forced to behave

responsibly and do well to others and society. The law constantly changes our
behavior and perception toward many things in our daily lives consciously and
unconsciously.
PTE MADE EASY
15. Write about pros/cons of this era as it is full of daily inventions.

In today's world, where just about everything is more convenient and accessible
due to advances in technology across almost all sectors, it may seem as though it's
a misnomer to even mention any disadvantages of technological advances.
However, despite how far technology has taken humans and no matter how
convenient it may make things, there are some disadvantages accompanying this
level of access.
Technology advances show people a more efficient way to do things, and these
processes get results. For example, education has been greatly advanced by the
technological advances of computers. Students are able to learn on a global scale
without ever leaving their classrooms. Agricultural processes that once required
dozens upon dozens of human workers can now be automated, thanks to advances
in technology, which means cost-efficiency for farmers. Medical discoveries occur
at a much more rapid rate, thanks to machines and computers that aid in the
research process and allow for more intense educational research into medical
matters.This results in cost savings for business owners, allowing them to invest in
growth in other areas of the business, which contributes on a positive level to the
economy as a whole.
The more advanced society becomes technologically, the more people begin to
depend on computers and other forms of technology for everyday existence. This
means that when a machine breaks or a computer crashes, humans become almost
disabled until the problem is resolved. This kind of dependency on technology puts
people at a distinct disadvantage, because they become less self- reliant.
At the same time, human workers retain less value, which is a disadvantage of
technological advances because machines automate processes and do the work of
10 people with one computer, companies find they don't need to employ as many
people to get the job done. As machines and computers become even more
advanced and efficient, this will continue to be a growing disadvantage of
technology and an issue that has a global impact.
PTE MADE EASY
16. Whether Imitating celebrities in sports and movies is good or bad?

Imitating film and sports personalities are nothing unusual but unfortunately, it
isn’t always good. A large number of our celebrities don’t set good examples. Many
of them are known for their extravagant and wasteful lifestyles. They don’t mind
spending millions of dollars on shopping. They wear expensive designer garments
and drive super luxury cars. They earn millions of dollars every year so it doesn’t
really matter to them. Unfortunately, they inspire middle-class people, who can
hardly afford this, to adopt the same lifestyle. Wafer thin models promote
unhealthy eating habits. Anorexia has become a major health issue these days.
Models and film stars who look nearly perfect because of Photoshop effects have
given rise to a generation obsessed with looking perfect. Even extramarital
relationships are now considered perfectly acceptable because several celebrities
have multiple partners.
Celebrities are human beings too and they have their own weaknesses. Just
because they happen to excel in a particular field, we can’t expect them to be
paragons of virtue. They are influential people and it would be great if they can be
good role models, but the truth is that that is where most of them fail.
On the other hand, we do have something to learn from these famous people. They
are achievers. Many of them had humble beginnings. Still, they rose to fame
because of their determination and hard work. We can also achieve the same if we
make a sincere attempt.
After analysing the situation, it is not hard to see that admiring and imitating film
and sports personalities who do not set a good example is bad. Simply admiring
them is alright. The problem begins when you try to imitate everything that they
do.
PTE MADE EASY
17. Any recent invention that you think proved beneficial or detrimental to
society.
It is evident how life has changed since technology has been introduced in the
human life. When we think about technology mostly the first thing that comes to
our mind is the image of a computer. Technological advancements such as
computers have been designed and created with the only purpose to help humans
and make their lives easier. Computers have become indispensable in any
workplace where they are basically considered a compliment for people to help
them developing their activities. In fact, computers are the greatest invention of all
times because they have multi-tasking features that can minimise the work.
First of all, computers have multi-tasking features that can minimize the work
people have to do. For example, computers avoid people having to calculate any
result on doing the maths, the only thing people must do, is to type the information
needed and work is done.
Secondly, computers can display and let you manipulate stored information. In
other words, you don’t need to use paper in order to store any information on
shelves. You don’t even have to rewrite a whole paper because you did a mistake
or you have to add more information to the written form. You can have as many
files as you can on your computer and organize them the way you like it without
having to use any extra material or space.
Finally, computers are used in almost all fields for any purpose such as
entertainment, education, and any type of job. For example, people can use
computers to play video games, watch movies, listen to music or chat on the
internet for entertainment. In education or any job, people can use them for video
conferences, PowerPoint presentations or just use their basic features discussed in
the first point.
In conclusion, computers are the greatest invention of all times because they
reduce time consumption of activities, people can save information and edit it
anytime, and they let people do almost everything they need. Computers have
become the most powerful tool ever created.
PTE MADE EASY
18. In the past 100 years, there have been many inventions such as antibiotics,
airplanes and computers. What do you think is the most important of them?
Why?
Over the past 100 years, human kind has progressed tremendously with the
inventions like antibiotics, airplanes, computers and many more. From the era of
wheels to the era of computers, we have come a long way. Although all three of
the innovations have shaped our lives, in my view antibiotics is the most important
invent for the past 100 years. In this post, I will further explain my view point with
valid examples.
It would have been very hard for the human civilization to progress further without
these miracle drugs. Antibiotics were not present 100 years ago. Penicillin
was discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming and it was the era
of the 1940s that people began using antibiotics to treat infections. Since then it
has been recognized as one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century.
The longer survival of human kind could have been possible with advancement in
medical science. Earlier measles, small pox, even flu could turn out to be fatal. The
viruses and bacteria which are invisible to the human eye can not be destroyed by
any tool. Before antibiotics, bacterial infections and common illnesses, such as
strep throat, poses serious health issues. They are now easily treated.
Survival is the ultimate goal of the human race and to fulfill this goal we began
hunting, discovered wheels and fire. We further invented tools for easy preying.
When survival becomes less of a concern we started focusing on discovering
luxury pursuits like airplane and computer.
To conclude, I believe antibiotic is the most important invent for the past 100 years.
Without antibiotics, we could not have been survived long enough for other
inventions.
PTE MADE EASY
19. Information revolution has changed the way of mass communications and
has some negative and positive effects on individual lives as well as on society.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
In this 21st century technology has advanced to a great extent revolutionizing along
with it the information system. This, in turn, has changed the way of mass
communication. Mass communication has flourished tremendously, making it
easier and faster means of information access to people all over the world. The
information revolution has both positive and negative effects on the lives of
people. However, the positive aspects outweigh the negative ones.
This new way of mass communication gives people an opportunity to have easier
access to information. Earlier newspapers were the only main source of mass
communication. It took a lot of time and labor for access to information in olden
days. Now, with the advent of televisions and internet access information sharing
is rather a simple and faster task. Such form of mass communication helps in
reaching out to people on a larger scale. Public awareness, educational
information, advertisements, and election campaigns are some of the aspects that
have improved with the aid of this new generation mass media.
For example, when HIV or AIDS was a new disease inflicting the human race there
were many notions about it. Some people even believed that it would spread if one
touched someone suffering from it. However, governments and other
organizations used mass media as a platform to outdo of all the false facts. There
were news and information given out in radio, televisions to tell that such notions
were completely false. Another such disease, polio eradication was possible
through messages via the mass media.
Mass communication has greatly influenced the lives of people. However, with
great power comes great responsibility. Such easy access can also stir unnecessary
and unpleasant issues that often have a negative effect on society. Nevertheless,
mass media is beneficial for all if used correctly and it can help bring about positive
changes in our world.
PTE MADE EASY
20.Learning a new language at an early age is helpful for children. Is it more

positive for their future aspect or have some adverse effects?
Research shows that learning a new language at an early age, maybe as early as 3
years old, opens up a whole new world for the child that otherwise would have
been difficult. I am of the view that it is more positive for their future. In this article,
I will further prove my viewpoint.
The scientists believe that children have enhanced creativity, better memory and
multi-tasking abilities at a younger age. At such an early age, it is much easier for
the children to learn a new language with better fluency, accent than if they learn
later in life. Children “soak everything like a sponge”, this mantra in itself is a proof
that children are better learners than adults.
Children’s brains are in the development age so are ready to accept and willing to
learn a foreign language. It can also provide academic benefits at a later stage in
life. The studies show that bilingual students have higher mathematical skills and
are known to perform better in exams including SAT.
Unlike other parts of the body, our brain to functions better with exercise. Learning
a new language is more like an exercise for children as it involves memorizing rules
and vocabulary. Overall it helps strengthen the brain. Bilingual (or multilingual)
individuals have an edge in their school time, in college days and predominantly, in
the workforce.
To conclude, the individuals who know two or more languages have better insight
to people, places, and culture than rest of those who don’t. In turn it enriches one’s
life and enhanced personal experiences in the world.
PTE MADE EASY
21. In under developed countries, tourism has disadvantages and can be said
the opposite as well.
In recent decades, low cost airfare has made international travel easier and many
countries have, therefore, developed their tourism industries into key sectors of
their economies. While it is clear tourism brings obvious benefits to the countries
that host tourists, it is also true to say it may bring disadvantages as well.
Undoubtedly, there are significant benefits that tourism brings to a country. First,
a thriving tourist industry implies an increasing need for a variety of services such
as hotels, transport, restaurants, and entertainment. This results in a considerable
number of jobs being created for people who lack a college education and also the
development of the infrastructure needed to accommodate visitors. Moreover,
tourism is a "green" industry that, unlike factories, generates a low level of
pollution. In fact, because beautiful natural landscapes are often places that
tourists come to see, a country will often be sure to maintain the landscape in order
to keep it attractive for tourists.
Despite the benefits, there are aspects of tourism that may prove harmful to a
country. For instance, a country may suffer from the loss of their traditional culture.
This is caused by people in a country changing their lifestyle, customs, and language
in order to more effectively serve visitors or because they become influenced by
foreign countries. This can cause stress in a traditional society and could even lead
to animosity towards tourists. In addition, because tourists often carry expensive
objects like cameras and are unaware of their surroundings, they make good
targets for theft. Crime also increases as a result of the increases in drugs and
prostitution that caters to some vacationers.
In summary, global tourism is greatly beneficial to an economy and environment of
a country. However, it can be detrimental in several ways. To my way of thinking,
a country should seek to develop its tourism industry because it can bring steady
jobs to many people without their need for higher education and without the risk
of environmental damages.
PTE MADE EASY
22. Communication has been changed significantly for the last 10 years. Disucss
pros, cons and impacts.
IT has not only brought the world closer but also people can share information
quickly and efficiently. The world has developed into a global village due to the help
of information technology allowing to shares ideas and information with one
another.
Communication has also become cheaper, quicker, and more efficient. We can now
communicate with anyone around the globe by simply text messaging them or
sending them an email for an almost instantaneous response. The internet has also
opened up face to face direct communication from different parts of the world
thanks to the helps of video conferencing. Information technology has helped to
bridge the cultural gap by helping people from different cultures to communicate
with one another, and allow for the exchange of views and ideas, thus increasing
awareness and reducing prejudice.
However, while information technology may have streamlined the business
process it has also crated job redundancies, downsizing and outsourcing. This
means that a lot of lower and middle level jobs have been done away with causing
more people to become unemployed. Though information technology may have
made communication quicker, easier and more convenient, it has also bought
along privacy issues. Due to website and email hacking, people are now worried
about their once private information becoming public knowledge. Industry experts
believe that the internet has made job security a big issue as since technology keeps
on changing with each day. This means that one has to be in a constant learning
mode, if he or she wishes for their job to be secure.
While information technology may have made the world a global village, it has also
contributed to one culture dominating another weaker one. For example it is now
argued that US influences how most young teenagers all over the world now act,
dress and behave. Languages too have become overshadowed, with English
becoming the primary mode of communication for business and everything else.
PTE MADE EASY
23. The only thing that interferes with my leaning is my education- Einstein.
What does he mean by that? And do you think he is correct?
Education is the acquiring of knowledge, skills, habits, values and beliefs from our
teachers and seniors. In our traditional or conventional education system, the
content of the education is limited to already established customs and practices.
The format of the education limits the learning of the students to only cramming
and the exams are also a test of more or less the “retention power”.
When Einstein gave this statement, he experienced that students learning through
a formally designed education pattern restrict their thought process. In fact, formal
education limits the doors of imagination and creativity. There is little chance for
exploring things. Thus, students are not encouraged to think out of the box and
search for solution themselves. This example shows why Einstein believed that
formal education hinders the process of learning.
However on the contrary, if we start allowing kids to say, they do not need school
they would probably learn nothing, as most of the average students do not have
the motivation or interest to master something on their own. Einstein was
exceptional. As we cannot expect that all students would be as capable as Einstein,
so it is really necessary to impart the basic education, knowledge & skills to
children, like reading and writing in order to survive in this world.
Lastly, the education systems have undergone a lot of changes, recently, in order
to enhance the cognitive abilities of the students. For example in Stanford
University, usually a mentor is assigned to few students, who would not interfere
in the learning process of the students. This helps the students develop creative
skills. The mentors are only there to be their guide and help them if they are
approached and they share their experiences with the students.
In the end, it can be concluded that the present education system has evolved from
its traditional approach to be more students friendly which encourages them to
bring out the best of the talents and abilities to the world.
PTE MADE EASY
24. The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and
write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn. Agree or Diagree?
In a fast-paced economy, everything has changed including the process of acquiring
and applying the knowledge. In today’s scenario, it is pertinent for everyone to
achieve the calibre of adapting themselves according to the changing environment.
Therefore, it is agreed that one should not only focus on learning, but he also
attains masters in unlearning and relearning concept. In this essay, we will discuss
the reason for agreement of this notion for reaching to the conclusion.
To begin with, with the rapid growth of technology, competition in the market has
also increased. People who are reluctant to unlearn and relearn new concepts
usually face challenges in society. To exemplify this, internet friendly people are
the requirement of every office and who don’t know how to use it usually don’t
get the job. Hence, it is indispensable for the people these days to update
themselves frequently with the latest knowledge
In addition to, our renowned scientists also unlearn the existing theories, relearn
it and modify it into new theories, which provide tremendous benefits to the
world. For instance, we are aware that technology is growing rapidly and the
reason behind is that our scientists are questing for innovations and
improvements in the existing technology frequently.
To recapitulate, Change is inevitable and in today’s era only those people succeed
who always do efforts to utilise the previous knowledge along with enhancing it
day by day.
PTE MADE EASY
25. "Value adding by travel in Education. Is travel a necessary component of

education or not ? Will scholar sitting at home have more knowledge than one
who travels? "
In today’s ever-changing world, of advanced technologies, education forms a
much-needed base for overall development of a human being including his
personal, social and economic development. So traveling to another country for
higher education is justified? I will analyze both sides before coming to conclusion
at the end.
The people against the travel to study support their view with the fact that
international studies are costlier than studying at home country. Also, students
living away from parents often develop homesickness. Some students opt for part-
time jobs to bear the burden of their parents and to meet their daily needs which
in turn increase the burden on them. Rather than focusing on learning, they get to
struggle hard for their expenses. As a matter of fact, parents are not sure if their
children are actually studying or getting in some negative company which can
change their mind.
On the other hand, some people are of the view that international studies widen
the scope of learning and enhance abilities. Studying in a different country provides
students the opportunity to learn and adapt other’s culture. This way they adapt
to different environment readily and it helps them in the later stage of life.Further
adding an international qualification adds weight-age to student’s resume which
opens up many job opportunities for them. For instance, a student’s resume with
an MBA degree from a recognized international institution gets priority among the
peers. Employers too are preferring graduates with international experience.
Therefore, we can say that traveling sharpens individual overall growth and adds
practical knowledge that can’t be attained through books.
In the end, I am of the opinion that traveling for higher education is a must these
days. It surely has some disadvantage, but we can’t overlook the merits of foreign
qualification. International studies widen people’s perspective and help them with
better career opportunities. Travel is an important element for higher studies
which in turn is an important combination to succeed in this globalized planet.
PTE MADE EASY
26. The space travel is fantastic these day and they are very fascinated towards
its but there are many environmental problems in our planet we should resolve
the problems or travel space and spend a lot of money.
Technology has given us tremendous gifts, and travelling on space is one of them.
We can often see that many countries are spending a huge amount on exploring
the universe for enhancing information about the outer world and other important
information. However, many people argue that the Government should not spend
a hefty amount in space travelling and rather spend on other social or economic
issues. I agree with that notion and reason behind this agreement will be discussed
through this essays.
Firstly, The earth is facing a lot of environment issues due to global warming and it
is necessary to work on it expeditiously. Secondly, many countries are also facing
problems of poverty as many people are dying through starvation and infinite
children are suffering from malnutrition.
finally, problems such as unemployment, increasing criminal rates and terrorism

are most concerning issues for the administration. However, some people assert
that space exploration gives a meritorious response to the whole society as due to
this, we can now easily predict weather forecast. Moreover, through space
travelling our astronauts are doing endeavour to know about other living creatures
on different planets.
In the end, although space travel is advantageous for several reasons, but there are
numerous hurdles for any country for sustainable development these days, and it
will be beneficial not to spend heavy money on space travelling.
PTE MADE EASY
27. “In a war of ideas, it is people who get killed”. Does a common man suffer
from a group’s ideology? Express your opinion, and support the same with
reasons and examples.
Since the time immemorial, mankind has always been at war with one other owing
to the difference of opinions, faiths and beliefs. Two thousand years back Jesus
Christ was tortured and crucified, just because of the clash of ideas between two
sects. Many people, henceforth, have sacrificed their lives owing to the differences,
in the way of thinking. I truly agree that “In a war of ideas, it is people who get
killed” because it is the common person and his family only who suffers the loss of
life, money and resources. Further, he is forced to live his life in fear and has to
cope with the after effects of the mass destruction.
It is commonly observed, that in any riot which occurs due to the hatred of the each
other’s religious faith, it is the common man who loses his life. The partition of India
and Pakistan in 1947 is a perfect example to illustrate how the country was divided
on the basis of difference in ideology of few people led to the massacre of common
people.
Furthermore, the 9/11 attacks on the world trade centre in the U.S clearly exhibited
a dogma framed by one man and declared it to be an eternal truth. It was the life
of 3000 common people who were killed and their families have been suffering and
living in fear henceforth.
Finally, the aftermath of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, atomic bombing is not hidden
from anyone. Generations after generations are bearing the brunt, in form of
deformities in children.
In conclusion, it can be said that due to the selfish interests of a few people, the
common man has always suffered.
PTE MADE EASY
28. "Tobacco, mainly in the form of cigarettes is one of the most widely used
drugs in the world. Over a billion adults legally smoke tobacco every day. The
long term health costs are high- for the smokers themselves, and for the wider
community in terms of health care costs and lost productivity.
Tobacco is one of the most widely-used drugs of the world. Over a billion adults
legally smoke tobacco every day. Tobacco is slowing taking a billion people in the
world towards doom. The long term health costs are high for smokers, who suffer
from various heart and lung diseases, reduced concentration and continually
diminishing immunity.
Non-smokers, accompanying smokers or those who are in their close vicinity, also
become “Passive” smokers and bear the toll of various inevitable diseases as they
inhale the smoke which has an ill-effect on their respiratory systems. Thus, the
health costs are high—for smokers themselves, and for wider community in terms
of health care costs and lost productivity.
There has been awareness among people from many years, about the ill-effects of
smoking and various campaigns run by the government, NGOs and local bodies to
encourage people to quit smoking but the result have not been impressive. The
solution is to nip the problem in the bud. School authorities and parents should
keep a close eye so that children don’t start to smoke because they think it is
“cool”. They should be made aware about the harmful effects of smoking.
Government could play a vital role too. Smoking should not be high-hand in
advertisements and movie commercials which have a huge impact on people. It
could levy high taxes on tobacco products to keep people away from its reach.
Rules for checking children buying such products should be made
stringent.
The onus to protect from such products also lies on individuals as will-power
always does the trick. The knowledge of importance of being healthy has to be
realized from within. It goes a long way to check the problem. Thus, the solution
requires both legitimate action of Government and strong individual decisions to
eliminate the problem.
PTE MADE EASY
29. The claim that animals have “rights” has been the subject of much debate
since the 1970s.Are zoos helping or hurting our animals? Should zoos be banned?
Do you agree or disagree?
Since last half century, Veganism and animal rights are making headlines. With the
advancement of technology, many shocking videos have been coming out on
animal cruelty, and many are becoming aware of animal rights. In this essay, I will
advocate for banning of zoos as there are alternate ways to see the animals.
Firstly it’s been taught in schools that man is an evolution of and originated from
monkeys, so why cage our ancestors? The zoos are mostly commercialized and rob
animals from their right of living in natural habitat. Many are have to spend their
entire life in a cage just because some more powerful species like humans can
watch them and experiment on them. Secondly there are alternate ways to see
them in their natural habitat. For example, African safaris take have safe vehicles
which go into jungles and forests and get to see these animals and sometimes feed
them as well. In this way humans get to travel as well as watch them without
hurting them.
On the contrary some may argue that everyone cannot afford to travel and pay for
safari’s. However in my opinion for our convenience those animals have to pay the
price of their freedom and a lifetime in artificial caged environment.
To conclude, we should live in harmony with nature and other living entities. Just
because we have more intelligence and have ability to capture and control them
does not make us superior.
PTE MADE EASY
SOME TEMPLATES TO WRITE PTE ESSAYS
1) Opinion Essay :
Introduction
1) XXXX has become a popular leisure activity in many countries in the developed
world but it has hidden risks. This essay will suggest that it is indeed dangerous and
that it is likely to make consumers more self-centred/selfish and less disciplined
with their money.
2) All over the world today/In many Western countries today, it can be observed
that the issue of XXX has grown in importance over the past few decades/years.
3) All over the world today/ In many Western countries today, it can be observed
that the issue of XXX has fallen in importance over the past few decades/years.
4) AIDS/Income equality/ XXX is one of the most serious issues/ dangerous

problems being faced in lesser developed nations today/ many developed
countries today/ many poverty-stricken nations today/ many underprivileged
nations today/ many industrialized countries today.
5) It is undeniable that XXX is one of the most challenging issues in the Western
world today.
6) Newspapers XXX, in one form or another, have been in existence for centuries,
their purpose being to spread news.
7) The growing level of XXX has proven to be one of the major obstacles for
humanity in the 21st century.
8) Global obesity XXX rates have been swelling over the past few decades now.
This is a trend that is having a devastating effect on populations everywhere.
9) Over recent years, level of XXX unemployment has been increasing at an

alarming rate.
PTE MADE EASY
10) XXX is certainly something which is often discussed in today’s world. Hardly a
day goes by without the subject of XXX being raised in most people’s lives.
11) Some people maintain that it has a beneficial influence on our lives.
12) This essay will express full agreement with this view and will offer reasons for
this position.
13) This essay will express complete disagreement with this view and will justify
this viewpoint.
First Paragraph
1) To begin with, a variety of reasons can be offered to explain why I am /not in

favour of XXX.
2) Foremost among these is that, although it seems reasonable to suggest that

XXXX, it should not be forgotten that / It is foreseeable that
3) My view, however, is that this would lead to serious damage to the

environment and alternative options need to be found.
4) XXX is one of the key reasons why …..
5) Linked to this is the fact that ……
6) What is more, another point to be taken into consideration is that
7) An instance illustrating this in action is the fact that ….
8) Were something to grow, then the level of XXX would move in tandem
(present) / would have moved in tandem (past).
9) Had more been done to xxx then the result would be
10) Should such thing be permitted, it is argued that XXX would
PTE MADE EASY
Second Paragraph
1) The fact that XXX can be considered as a classic example of this occurring.
2) What is more, another point in favour of/ a further common criticism of XXX
3) A relevant example I would like to draw on here would be…
4) Bans on commonly used drugs like alcohol in the past have shown they do
nothing to curtail users, but just drive people underground, increasing criminal
activity and creating more strain on police agencies.
Conclusion
1) Taking these points into consideration, from a personal , there is not a

shadow of a doubt that , I conclude that/ I am inclined to believe that
PTE MADE EASY
2. Problem and Solutions
Introduction
1) XXXX has become a popular leisure activity in many countries in the developed
world but it has hidden risks. This essay will suggest that it is indeed dangerous and
that it is likely to make consumers more self-centred and less disciplined with their
money.
2) All over the world today/In many Western countries today, it can be observed
that the issue of XXX has grown in importance over the past few decades/years.
3) All over the world today/ In many Western countries today, it can be observed
that the issue of XXX has fallen in importance over the past few decades/years.
4) AIDS/Income equality/ XXX is one of the most serious issues/ dangerous

problems facing lesser developed nations today/ many developed countries today/
many poverty-stricken nations today/ many underprivileged nations today/ many
industrialized countries today.
5) It is undeniable that XXX is one of the most challenging issues in the Western
world today.
6) Newspapers XXX, in one form or another, have been in existence for centuries,
their purpose being to spread news.
7) The growing level of XXX has proven to be one of the major obstacles for
humanity in the 21st century.
8) Global obesity XXX rates have been swelling over the past few decades now.
This is a trend that is having a devastating effect on populations everywhere.
PTE MADE EASY
9) Over recent years, the level of XXX unemployment has been increasing at an
alarming rate.
10) XXX is certainly something which is often discussed in today’s world. Hardly a
day goes by without the subject of XXX being raised in most people’s lives.
1) What are the underlying causes of this devastating global/phenomenon/

trend/behaviour and where might solutions to this pressing/thorny issue lie?
2) In this essay I am going to examine the causes of this problem and outline
what I believe are some possible solutions to tackle this/ eradicate this.
In this essay, I am going to explore its causes

Causes
1) To begin with, there are numerous causes
2) The foremost among these is the fact that XXX
3) Linked to this is the fact that
4) Yet another cause which I feel is important to point out is…
5) An instance illustrating this in action is that / It is illustrated by the fact that
7) As the above-mentioned points make it clear, it can hardly be denied that

Solutions
1 Moving on to consider the possible solutions, a number of courses of action

could be taken by governments and individuals. It is generally maintained that
PTE MADE EASY
education is one of the key solution to this issue. If the young ones understand the
importance of public places and know the consequences of damaging them, the
result might deter them from committing such mistakes. What is more/ In addition,
having stringent rules and regulations to punish the perpetrators appropriately
would certainly ameliorate the situation. Public awareness through media could
also be helpful to let people know about these punishments and consequences.
2) If people were to… then they would…
3) Can it be said that if we were to ban smoking that this would not in some part
help to solve this issue? Some might hold this to be somewhat draconian.
4) Or would this be too harsh? Many would consider this too harsh a remedy to
this problem.

********************************************************
1) In addition, it is commonly believed that
2) Since the infrastructure of a country is highly dependent on the government

themselves, it is therefore clear that allocating a large budget to developing
infrastructure has plenty of advantages.
3) When it comes to spending money on protection from disasters, prevention

is better than cure
4) It is undeniable that spending money on detecting disasters early has many

benefits.
PTE MADE EASY
5) It is undeniable that governments should put measures in place to protect

citizens’ safety
6) It is undeniable that were the government to spend more on health, there

would be less disease
7) It is undeniable that were we to spend more on education we would have a

better workforce contributing to a higher GDP.
8) Had the government spent more on developing infrastructure the country

would be better equipped to do business
9) Had measures been put in place to protect people then such disasters would
not have such great effects
10) Another step to be taken would be to
11)would certainly ameliorate (make situations better) the situation.
12) It is vitally important that .........
13) Legislation should be introduced to control .........../ It is also believed that

having stringent rules and regulations to punish the perpetrators appropriately
would certainly ameliorate the situation.
PTE MADE EASY
Conclusion
1) In conclusion, It is undeniable ( there is no denying that fact that )that this is a

phenomenon whose causes present us with a huge difficulty. It is my considered
opinion that if we were to put in place some of the solutions mentioned, we would
at least be on the way to solving this problem. Not only governments but individuals
must also play their part to contribute to the solution of this phenomenon.
2) We must all try harder to bring about the enactment (putting into action) of
these solutions if we are to solve this problem
6) In conclusion, it is my considered opinion that were we to put in place some of

the solutions mentioned we would at least be on the way to solving this problem.
Different countries are trying many different approaches and they should all be
considered individually and judged by their effectiveness and humaneness
PTE MADE EASY
3. Discussion + opinion (For and Against Essay)
Introduction
1) A matter of considerable controversy at present is the issue of whether ….or
2) It is highly debatable to assess whether XXX or xxxx should be responsible
3) Whether XXX or XXX should be held responsible for XXX….
4) XXX is an issue which frequently generates a great deal of heated debate, with
supporters maintaining that it is vital in order to protect society, while opponents
claim that it is an unjustifiable restrictions of public access to information.
supporters maintaining that it has a fundamentally beneficial influence on our lives,
while opponents claim that it has several detrimental effects as well
6) However, it is highly debatable whether it is more important than any other

considerations, such as health and personal happiness, which some people
consider to be of greater significance
7) The argument that technology will completely replace the teachers in the
classroom is a subject that is both supported and refuted by many.
8) Both sides of this contentious issue will be put under scrutiny in the essay below,
and my opinion as to which holds more weight will be given.
First paragraph
1) Turning, to being with, to the arguments put forward by critics/advocates

or those who advocate the xxx and they believe that the negative aspects/benefits
of XXX are manifold.
2) Foremost among these is that it is commonly held that /
PTE MADE EASY
4) Another point which I feel is important to point out is that
5) Also of some significance is
6) An instance illustrating this in action is that
7) Conditions
8) As the above-mentioned points make clear, it can hardly be denied that
Second Paragraph
1) Moving on to consider the opposing arguments put forward by

critics/advocates/ on the other side of the fence, they claim that
2) Were a ban in place, would it really prevent people from smoking XXX?
5) Conditions (Were XXX to V1 or Had we/people/more…not/V3, then …..
7) A further common criticism of
8) What is more, another point in favour of / against is …..
10) A recent study/survey by the ……..shows that 50% of …..
11) Therefore/ it can be clearly seen/observed that…. The argument that XXX can
be debunked (shows not true). …. It seems incontrovertible (obviously true) that
PTE MADE EASY
Conclusion
1) In conclusion, weighing all the arguments up against each other, there are
strong and valid points on both sides of the fence and a balance should be sought.
We should steer a middle course between these opposing sides, providing smokers
with smoking areas in public places which could be easily avoided by non-smokers.
2) However, It is my considered opinion that ..we/people should steer a middle

course between these opposing sides
PTE MADE EASY
4. Advantages and Disadvantages
Introduction
1) A matter of considerable controversy at present is the issue of whether ….or
2) It is highly debatable to assess whether XXX or xxxx should be responsible
3) Whether XXX or XXX should be ….
supporters maintaining that it is vital in order to protect society, while opponents
claim that it is an unjustifiable restrictions of public access to information.
5) However, it is highly debatable whether it is more important than any other

considerations, such as health and personal happiness, which some people
consider to be of greater significance
6) The argument that technology will completely replace the teachers in the
classroom is a subject that is both supported and refuted by many.
7) Both sides of this contentious issue will be put under scrutiny in the essay
below, and my opinion as to which holds more weight will be given.
8) This essay will explore the relative advantages and disadvantages of XXX
Advantages
1) Turning, to being with, to the arguments put forward by
critics/advocates/those who advocates and they ascertain that the
benefits/negative aspects of XXX are manifold. To begin with, a variety of
advantages can be put forward for XXX
2) Foremost among these is the establishment of
PTE MADE EASY
4) A further benefit involves the building of
5) An instance illustrating this in action is that / It is illustrated by the fact that
6) Conditions (Were XXX to V1 or Had we/people/more…not/V3, then …..
7) As the above-mentioned points make it clear, it can hardly be denied that/ the
heightened benefits of this opinion regarding the role of XXX can clearly be seen
Disadvantages
1) Moving on to consider the arguments put forward by critics/advocates/those
who advocate the xxx, they argue that, despite the advantages/ positive effects of/
mentioned above, it should also not be forgotten that it has hidden risks/ there are
numerous advantages of XXX/ the hidden risks of XXX should not be forgotten.
2) The first reason/negative impact I wish to consider is that , is the fact that
3) Were a ban in place, would it really prevent people from smoking XXX?
5) Should such thing be permitted, would it really prevent from xxx?
6) Conditions
8) Moreover, some critics/ scientists/ experts are in favour of / oppose the view
of/
9) A further common criticism of
10) What is more, another point in favour of / against is …..
PTE MADE EASY
11) What is more, another negative aspect of …. Is that
12) A recent study/survey by the ……..shows that 50% of …..
13) Therefore/ it can be clearly seen/observed that…. The argument that XXX can
be debunked (shows not true). …. It seems incontrovertible (obviously true)
that
Conclusion
1) In conclusion, weighing all the arguments up against each other, there are
strong and valid points on both sides of the fence and a balance should be sought.
We should steer a middle course between these opposing sides by providing
smokers with smoking areas in public places which could be easily avoided by non-
smokers.
2) However, It is my considered opinion that ..we/people should steer a middle

course between these opposing sides/ that the advantages considerably outweigh
the disadvantages
PTE MADE EASY
PTE-READING
PTE MADE EASY
The first sub-section of reading section of PTE academic exam is MULTIPLE

CHOICE, SINGLE ANSWER
Multiple Choice- Choose Single Answer assesses the reading skills of the test takers
in an academic environment. As the name suggests, students are required to
choose a single answer out of the various options given. These proven strategies
and tips would help you score high in the PTE reading Multiple Choice- Choose
Single Answer.
 Get main idea: – Read and try to identify the main idea of the theme. When
you are reading, your focus should be on understanding the central focus of
the text. This will help you get to the right answer.
 Get detailed information: – Try to gather all the detailed information such
as facts, opinions, definitions or sequences of events in the text.
 Understand writer’s purpose: – Read to understand the purpose of the
writer, what he is trying to say or why writer has mentioned specific piece of
information in the text.
 Organize and infer: – Read and understand the overall connections between
the pieces of information given in the text. This will also elaborate your
ability to link different parts of the text together. Infer meanings and try to
make predictions out of the information given.
 Textual value:- Assess the quality and usefulness of the text. Try to figure
out which statements provide you reliability of the information presented by
the writer.
PTE MADE EASY
 Read Instructions Carefully:- Before you start reading, read the instructions
given in the prompt clearly. This will help you understand what things you
need to look for in the text.
 Skim and Scan:- Performing skimming and scanning would help you get the
main idea of the text without spending much time. When you perform
skimming and scanning, care should be taken that you do not skim out the
essential information.
 Note Important Points:– You will be given erasable notepad and a pen. Use
that to write down the important points, supporting ideas or information.
 Move Forward:- If you come across some unfamiliar word or words, do not
spend too much time on understanding them. Rather, move forward.
 Always Attempt Questions:- Most of the students make a mistake of not
attempting the question, which they are not sure about. One must always
make guess and never leave the questions unanswered.
 Eliminate Incorrect Responses:– While choosing correct answer, eliminate
the responses, which you feel are incorrect and then select the remaining
response options. Sometimes incorrect options may contain same words as
that of the text.
PTE MADE EASY
PTE ACADEMIC READING: MCQ – CHOOSE SINGLE ANSWER

PRACTICE TESTS
1. Read the passage and answer the following question.
Jupiter has 2.5 times more mass than all the other planets of the solar system
combined and is 11 times as large as Earth in diameter. Jupiter is so large that
scientists believe it almost became a star: as the gasses and dust contracted to the
form the planet, gravitational forces created tremendous pressure and the
temperature inside the core—as high as tens of thousands of degrees. But there
was not enough mass available to create the temperature needed to start a fusion
reaction such as that of the Sun (above 27,000,000 Fahrenheit, or 15,000,000
Celsius, at the Sun’s core); thus Jupiter has been cooling down ever since. Even so,
Jupiter radiates about as much heat as it receives from the Sun.
Ques. The passage is mainly concerned with

[A]. the size of Jupiter relative to other planets in the solar system
[B]. differences between the sun and Jupiter
[C]. how Jupiter’s mass has affected its development
[D]. the temperature at which a planet’s core can start a fusion reaction
ANSWER[C]. The passage is mainly concerned with how Jupiter’s mass affected its
development. Jupiter could have become a sun…but not quite. That is the main
thrust.
PTE MADE EASY

Stump-Up was invented in 1986 by Tokyo Beverages Owner Okawa Bhery. The
name for the product was actually proposed by Okawa’s assistant, Fizzy
Brewndon. The name was taken from the two most unusual ingredients in the
drink, the Canadian banana leaf and the Asian stump root. The recipe for today’s
Stump-Up is very well guarded. Many of the ingredients are known; in addition to
banana leaves and stump root, they include strawberry, cocoa, lemon, cinnamon,
nuts, vanilla, caramel, salts and sugar. The proportions of the ingredients and the
identity of Stump’s secret ingredients are known by only a few of the Stump-Up
Company’s very senior scientists and Vice-Presidents.
Ques. It can be inferred from the passage that

[A]. No one knows the exact proportions of ingredients used in Stump-Ups.
[B]. The public does not know how many stump roots are used in a batch of
Stump-Ups.
[C]. The public is not sure that banana leaves are used in Stump-Ups.
[D]. The public knows all the ingredients in Stump-Ups.
ANSWER [B]
PTE MADE EASY
Grossly misunderstood and represented as a revolutionary, liberal, Romantic, and

bohemian artist, Rembrandt has lived for over 400 years now through his art.
During this time period, many views and opinions have oscillated from praise to
scathing remarks and vice versa.
The extent of Rembrandt’s fame can be understood by the following incident: in

the year 1670, the Sicilian collector Antonio Ruffo received a letter from the artist
Abraham Breughel with a request to get some original masterpieces from Italy.
Ruffo had to apologize stating that no painter had been able to exhibit an ability to
paint as extraordinary as Rembrandt, who had already died by then.
Ques. Which of the following, most accurately summarizes the opinion of the
author in the text?
[A]. He tried to prove that Rembrandt has not been completely understood by the
critics.
[B]. the effect of unemployment on United States families.
[C]. He tried to portray that even though Rembrandt was highly regarded in the
art world, his prowess and mettle was understood by only a few.
[D]. Rembrandt never believed in self-praise and publicizing, rather he was a
silent artist.
ANSWER [C]
PTE MADE EASY

Theories are divided about the cause of the Permian mass extinctions. Some
hypothesize that the impact of a massive asteroid caused a sudden disappearance
of species. However, a look at the carbon – isotope record suggests that existing
plant communities were struck down and re – found several times. To produce such
a pattern would require a succession of asteroid strikes thousands of years apart.
Other theorists have proposed that volcanic explosions raised the Corban dioxide
level leading to intense global warming. One problem with this theory is that it
cannot explain the massive marine extinctions at the end of the Permian period. A
new theory posits that rising concentrations of toxic hydrogen sulfide in the world’s
oceans plus gradual oxygen depletions in the surface waters caused the extinctions
in the surface waters caused the extinctions. Fortunately, this theory is testable. If
true, oceanic sediments from the Permian period would yield chemical evidence of
a rise in hydrogen sulfide – consuming bacteria.
Ques. The primary purpose of the passage is to

[A]. present several hypotheses concerning the cause of the Permian mass
extinctions
[B]. discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the asteroid hypothesis of the
Permian mass extinctions
[C]. propose that theories regarding the cause of the Permian mass extinctions be
tested.
[D]. argue that Permian mass extinctions could not have been caused by a
volcanic explosion.
ANSWER [A]
PTE MADE EASY
Unemployment was the overriding fact of life when Franklin D. Roosevelt became
president of the United States on March 4, 1933. An anomaly of the time was that
the government did not systematically collect statistics of joblessness; actually it
did not start doing so until 1940. The Bureau of Labor Statistics later estimated that
12,830,000 persons were out of work in 1933, about one-fourth of a civilian labor
force of more than 51 million.
Roosevelt signed the Federal Emergency Relief Act on May 12, 1933. The president
selected Harry L. Hopkins, who headed the New York relief program, to run FERA.
A gifted administrator, Hopkins quickly put the program into high gear. He gathered
a small staff in Washington and brought the state relief organizations into the FERA
system.
While the agency tried to provide all the necessities, food came first. City dwellers
usually got an allowance for fuel, and rent for one month was provided in case of
eviction.
Ques. This passage is primarily about…

[A]. unemployment in the 1930s.
[B]. the effect of unemployment on United States families.
[C]. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s presidency.
[D]. President Roosevelt’s FERA program
ANSWER [D]
PTE MADE EASY
6. Read the passage and answer the following question

In many ways Britten’s most ambitious effort is the War Requiem of 1961, a flawed
but still impressive work for chorus, soloists, and orchestra. It weaves together the
traditional Latin Mass for the Dead with antiwar poems by Wilfrid Owen, a young
officer killed in World War I. The point of War Requiem is how the words of the
liturgical text are reinterpreted and often rendered hollow by the realities of death
in war. In this work we see Britten’s prodigal inconsistencies on display. For all its
problems, the War Requiem will probably survive as one of our time’s most
impassioned indictments of war and its heroic myth.
Which of the following most accurately summarizes the opinion of the author in
the text?
A. He finds the weaving together of the Latin Mass and antiwar poems to be quite
effective.
B. He is critical of Britten’s inconsistencies as observed in the War Requiem.
C. He admires the War Requiem of Britten but finds it far from perfect.
D. He questions whether Britten’s work will endure.
CORRECT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION
A. Incorrect: He finds the weaving together of the Latin Mass and antiwar poems to be quite effective.
Explanation: This response is incorrect. Although the passage mentions that Britten’s work weaves
together the Latin Mass for the Dead and antiwar poems, it does not comment on the effectiveness of
this combination.
B. Incorrect: He is critical of Britten’s inconsistencies as observed in the War Requiem.
Explanation: This response is incorrect. The author recognizes inconsistencies and weaknesses in the
work, yet still praises the War Requiem as “one of our time’s most impassioned indictments of war.”
C. Correct Answer: He admires the War Requiem of Britten but finds it far from
perfect.
Explanation: This response is correct. The writer describes Britten’s War Requiem
as “impressive” and gives details of what the work accomplishes. However, the
writer also describes the work as “flawed” and refers to the work’s “prodigal
inconsistencies” and “all its problems.”
D. Incorrect: He questions whether Britten’s work will endure.
Explanation: This response is incorrect. The writer hypothesizes that the work will last by stating, “the
War Requiem will probably survive.”
PTE MADE EASY
The second sub-section of reading section of PTE academic exam is MULTIPLE

CHOICE, MULTIPLE ANSWER
This item type require students to read the text and choose multiple correct
responses.
TIPS:
 Seemingly easy, multiple choice questions are quite tricky and challenging
ones, so read every bit very carefully.
 Read the questions and options given before reading the text.
 Read the text to narrow your search for options.
 Pay attention to adjectives, nouns and repeated words as it will help you
find out correct responses quicker.
 If you are not able to find out correct responses, start with eliminating the
ones which are least likely to be correct.
 Make a point to spend NO longer than 2 minutes on each multiple answer
type question.
PTE MADE EASY
MULTIPLE-CHOICE CHOOSE MULTIPLE ANSWER -

SAMPLE TESTS
Given the record of our political class, the proposal to give tax rebates for political
donations will likely meet a similar fate. Instead of cleaning up political life then,
the bill runs the risk of being a godsend for fly-by-night middlemen and fixers, and
unscrupulous businessmen. The other objection to the bill is a more traditional one,
namely that rather than private donations, the solution is in state funding of
parties. This not only ensures that there is some sense of proportion and fairness
in the quantum of funding available to different parties, but also that funding does
not become a means of determining the political agenda.
Private funding, in this argument, is an unacceptable form of political lobbying

which promotes the specific demands of donors apart from generally favoring
conservative, mainstream parties, squeezing out those representing minority
voices. Whatever its merits, the most serious obstacle to this kind of reasoning
comes from the precarious nature of public finance in the country. At a time when
the Indian state is already hard-pressed to find resources for education, health, and
other social security activities, can there be a case for it to burden itself with a new
category of expenses? In purely economic terms too, the proposed tax breaks do
not augur well for the savings sector; and this when the sagging savings graph in
the economy is already a matter of increasing anxiety.
Question 1. Which demands according to the writer of the passage deserve

better attention than the political funds?
[A]. To provide better education opportunities to the citizens.
[B]. Serving the health-related requirements of the people.
[C]. Educational donations to institutions.
[D]. Taking care of the safety and security of the citizens.
[E]. The funds for the proper functioning of transport systems.
ANSWER [A][B][D]
PTE MADE EASY

In terrestrial affairs we think of “big” as being complicated; a city is more intricate
than a village, an ocean more complicated than a puddle. For the universe, the
reverse seems to be the case bigger is simpler Galaxies have some puzzling
features, but on the whole, they are scarcely more complicated than the stars that
compose them Beyond the galaxies, in the hierarchy of the cosmos, there are
clusters of galaxies; these clusters are loosely bound by the gravity of their largest
members and tend to look very much the same in all directions. Simplest of all is
the universe at large, it is far less complicated than the Earth, one of its most trivial
members. The universe consists of billions of galaxies flying apart as if from an
explosion that set it in motion, it is not lopsided, nor does it rotate. The more
thoroughly scientists investigate the universe, the more clearly its simplicity shines
through.
Question 2. Which of the following statements can be supported by the text?

[A]. The universe is a relatively simple phenomenon.
[B]. Billions of galaxies are predicted to explode, adding to the universal
complexity.
[C]. Galaxy clusters are an illusion.
[D]. Clusters of galaxies are held together by gravity.
ANSWER [A][D]
PTE MADE EASY

The Western alphabet, which is used in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Australia and
New Zealand as well as in other countries, originated in the Middle East. The people
who gave the world this alphabet were the Phoenicians, a people who established
colonies all over the Mediterranean, including Carthage in Africa and Gades in
Spain. In their alphabet, the letters were represented by little pictures which
represented sounds. The Phoenician A was Aleph, which means “bull”. and it was
made from a little picture of a bull’s head. The letter B was Beth which meant
“house”, and showed the round-roofed buildings which you can still see today in
Syria.
The Phoenicians had contact with another nation of sailors, the Greeks, with whom
they fought and traded. The Greeks also started to use the Phoenician alphabet.
They changed the names so aleph and beth became alpha and beta. The shapes of
the letters are the same but they have been turned sideways. Of course, the first
two letters of the alphabet give it its name. Over the years there have been
changes. Latin developed an alphabet with some different letters to the Greeks,
and other letters have been added since. But really westerners are using the same
system of writing which has served them so well for thousands of years.
Ques 1. Which of the following are true statements in accordance with the
information given in the above passage?
[A]. The purpose of this text is to tell something of the Phoenician history.
[B]. The Greeks turned the letters in a different direction.
[C]. The Phoenicians came from Carthage.
[D]. The Phoenician alphabet was composed of individual signs.
[E]. Our modern system of writing is similar to the Phoenician alphabet.
ANSWER [B][E]
PTE MADE EASY

When we accept the evidence of our unaided eyes and describe the Sun as a yellow
star, we have summed up the most important single fact about it-at this moment
in time.
It appears probable, however, that sunlight will be the color we know for only a
negligibly small part of the Sun’s history. Stars, like individuals, age and change. As
we look out into space, We see around us stars at all stages of evolution. There are
faint blood-red dwarfs so cool that their surface temperature is a mere 4,000
degrees Fahrenheit, there are searing ghosts blazing at 100, 000 degrees
Fahrenheit and almost too hot to be seen, for the great part of their radiation is in
the invisible ultraviolet range. Obviously, the “daylight” produced by any star
depends on its temperature; today(and for ages to come) our Sun is at about
10,000 degrees Fahrenheit, and this means that most of the Sun’s light is
concentrated in the yellow band of the spectrum, falling slowly in intensity toward
both the longer and shorter light waves.
That yellow “hump” will shift as the Sun evolves, and the light of day will change
accordingly. It is natural to assume that as the Sun grows older, and uses up its
hydrogen fuel which it is now doing at the spanking rate of half a billion tons a
second- it will become steadily colder and redder.
Ques 2. Which of the following statements can be supported by this text?

[A]. The passage is mainly about the evolutionary cycle of the Sun
[B]. Hot stars are referred to as “ghosts because they are nearly invisible.
[C]. The important thing about the Sun at the present time is that it appears
yellow
[D]. As the Sun continues to age, it is likely to become colder and redder in color.
[E]. Sun has a short history and it always remains the same.
ANSWER [B][C][D]
PTE MADE EASY

The crisis begins in the womb with unplanned parenthood. Women with unplanned
pregnancies are less likely to seek prenatal care. In the U.S. 80% of teenage
pregnancies and 56% of all pregnancies are unplanned. The problems continue
after birth where unplanned pregnancies and unstable partnerships often go hand
in hand. Since 1950, the number of single-parent families has nearly tripled. More
than 25 percent of all births today are to unmarried mothers. As the number of
single parent families grows and more women enter the workforce, infants and
toddlers are increasingly in the care of people other than their parents. Most
disturbingly, recent statistics show that American parents are increasingly
neglecting or abusing their children. In only four years from 1987- 1991, the
number of children in foster care increased by over 50 percent. Babies under the
age of one are the fastest growing category of children entering foster care. The
crisis affects children under the age of three most severely, the report says. Yet, it
is this period from infancy through preschool years that sets the stage for a child’s
future.
Ques. What can be the possible reasons for the increasing neglect and abuse of
children?
[A]. The immaturity and overburdening of parents.
[B]. The babies being left in foster care where a stranger looks after them.
[C]. The children being ill mannered and not respecting their parents.
[D]. The parents being busy with meeting the financial aspects of the family and
not having enough time for the children.
ANSWER [A][B][D]
PTE MADE EASY
The first English attempts to colonize North America were controlled by individuals
rather than companies. Sir Humphrey Gilbert was the first Englishman to send
colonists to the New World. His initial expedition, which sailed in 1578 with a
patent granted by Queen Elizabeth was defeated by the Spanish. A second attempt
ended in disaster in 1583 when Gilbert and his ship were lost in a storm.
In the following year, Gilbert’s half brother, Sir Water Raleigh, having obtained a
renewal of the patent, sponsored an expedition that explored the coast of the
region that he named “Virginia.” Under Raleigh’s direction efforts were then made
to establish a colony on Roanoke Island in 1585 and 1587. The survivors of the first
settlement on Roanoke returned to England in 1586, but the second group of
colonists disappeared without leaving a trace.
The failure of the Gilbert and Raleigh ventures made it clear that the tasks they had
undertaken were too big for any one colonizer. Within a short time, the trading
company had supplanted the individual promoter of colonization.
Ques. Which of the following statements can be supported by this text?

[A]. The first English settlement on Roanoke Island was established in 1587.
[B]. Sir Humphrey Gilbert never settled in North America.
[C]. Members of the first Roanoke settlement explored the entire coastal region.
[D]. Sir Walter Raleigh’s initial expedition set out for North America in 1584.
[E]. The first English people established colonies in North America because they
were requested to do so by Queen Elizabeth.
ANSWER [B] [D]
PTE MADE EASY
The third sub-section of reading section of PTE academic exam is Re-order

Paragraphs
This item type requires you to restore the original order of a passage given to you
in a random order. The test is aimed at assessing the test taker’s ability to
understand the overall idea of the passage and putting them back in the right order
that makes a sense.
1. Look for the topic sentence that can stand alone. Every paragraph written in a
logical order begins with a topic sentence. Unlike other sentences that follow to
support ideas, links, facts and other information later in the paragraph, the topic
sentence does not begin with any linker and that can give you the much needed
opening.
2. Read carefully all sentence, most of the aspirants make mistakes while reading.
By reading carefully you will get the basic idea of the paragraph. This will help you
to find the first line of the paragraph.
3. Use of any pronouns will help you to find out the order of the paragraph like
Them, she, he, it, they. These words are always used secondary lines of the
paragraph.
4. Like pronouns, conjunction also helps you to find out the logical order. Examples
So on, Therefore, after that, moreover, furthermore.
PTE MADE EASY
5. There is always a word which will show the sequence and logical order such as
in the end, finally, at the end, dates & years.
6. Connectors or transition words are very important in reorder paragraph if you

figure out these words – then you can easily find out the sequence of the
paragraph.
7. Time management is one of the most important aspects of Re-Order

paragraph. Don’t spend more than 2 minutes to read or skim the given sentences.
USEFUL SHORT TIPS FOR PTE ACADEMIC REORDER PARAGRAPH
Find out the main idea of the paragraph.

Starting sentence is always an independent sentence.
Follow the sequence of noun and pronoun.
The first sentence always have basic idea of paragraph.
If any dates given use them for proper sequence.
Find out the transition word like Therefore, after that, moreover, but etc.
Look for the sentence flow.
Use grammar hints, which connect sentences.
Practice mock test before exam.
PTE MADE EASY
SAMPLE REORDER PARAGRAPHS

1. INTERNATIONAL DATE-LINE
[A]. The same problem would arise if two travellers journeyed in opposite
directions to a point on the opposite side of the earth, 180° of longitude distant.
[B]. International date line, an imaginary line on the earth’s surface, generally
following the 180° meridians of longitude, where, by international agreement,
travellers change dates.
[C]. Traveling eastward across the line, one subtracts one calendar day travelling
westward, one adds a day.
[D]. For example, if an aeroplane were to travel westward with the sun, 24 hr
would elapse as it circled the globe, but it would still be the same day for those in
the aeroplane while it would be one day later for those on the ground below
them.
[E]. The apparent paradox is resolved by requiring that the traveller crossing the
date line change his date, thus bringing the travellers into an agreement when
they meet.
ANSWER BCDAE. The paragraph is about International dateline & clearly, B
introduces the topic. C is the continuation of B as it talks about how date changes
are made. D follows C. AE is a sequence.
2. EDUCATION INEQUALITY
[A]. However, the comprehensiveness of legislative and policy frameworks differs
widely.
[B]. On the other hand, they can frame gender equality in different ways, focusing
on one or more of the various concepts that are associated with this term.
[C]. Most European countries are concerned about gender inequalities in
education.
[D]. On the one hand, they differ concerning the degree to which gender equality
concepts are embedded in various legislative acts.
ANSWER CADB
PTE MADE EASY
3. CENTRAL BANK
[A]. When this bank was founded in 1695, Scots coinage was in short supply and
of uncertain value, compared with English, Dutch, Flemish or French coin.
[B]. In most countries, it is only the government, through their central banks, who
are permitted to issue currency.
[C]. The first Scottish bank to do this was the Bank of Scotland.
[D]. But in Scotland, three banks are still allowed to issue banknotes.
[E]. To face growth of trade it was deemed necessary to remedy this lack of an
adequate currency.
ANSWER BDCAE. B introduces the topic, standalone. The next sentence should be
‘D’ as it introduces the subject of the passage. ‘D’ is followed by ‘C’, the phrase “to
do this” refers to the phrase, “to issue bank notes” as discussed in D. Next comes
‘A’ because “this bank” refers to “the Bank of Scotland” mentioned in ‘D’. ‘E’
concludes the paragraph as it gives the reason that why the Bank of Scotland issued
its own currency.
4. LANGUAGE OF CHIMPANZEES
[A]. Chimpanzees cannot speak because, unlike humans, their vocal cords are
located higher in their throats and cannot be controlled as well as human vocal
cords.
[B]. It does not follow from their lack of speech, however, that chimpanzees are
incapable of language, that is, a human-like grammar.
[C]. A logical candidate for such a species is the chimpanzee, which shares 98.4%
of the human genetic code.
[D]. Perhaps they can acquire grammar and speak if they could only use grammar
some way other than with a voice. The obvious alternative is sign language.
[E]. A simple way to disprove the Innateness Hypothesis, as linguists call it, is to
demonstrate that other species have the capacity to speak but for some reason
simply have not developed speech.
SHOW ANSWER ECABD
PTE MADE EASY
5. SYDNEY FIREWORKS
[A]. From 8:40 pm, the bridge will be turned into a canvas showing the Welcome
to Country ceremony.
[B]. Fireworks and special effects, including a red “waterfall” from the bridge
base, will turn the structure built in 1932 into a giant Aboriginal flag shortly after
the sun sets for the last time in 2015.
[C]. Fireworks and special effects will also turn the bridge into a giant Aboriginal
flag before the 9 pm fireworks display.
[D]. “It’s about how we’re all so affected by the harbour and its surrounds, how
special it is to all of us and how it moves us,” said the Welcome to Country’s
creative director, Rhoda Roberts.
SHOW ANSWER BDAC
6. SEPAHUA IN PERU
[A]. In 2001, the government egged on by WWF, a green group, tried to regulate
logging in the relatively small part of the Peruvian Amazon where this is
allowed. It abolished the previous system of annual contracts.
[B]. Instead, it auctioned 40-year concessions to areas ruled off on a map, with
the right to log 5% of the area each year.
[C]. SEPAHUA, a ramshackle town on the edge of Peru’s Amazon jungle, nestles in
a pocket on the map where a river of the same name flows into the Urubamba.
[D]. The aim was to encourage strict management plans and sustainable
extraction.
[E]. That pocket denotes a tiny patch of legally loggable land sandwiched between
four natural reserves, all rich in mahogany and accessible from the town.
ANSWER CEABD.
PTE MADE EASY
7. BOUNDARY OF WELFARE
A. It is also a recurrent theme in the press, from the highbrow pages of Prospect
to the populism of the Daily Mail.
B. Inevitably, these discussions focus on present-day dilemmas.
C. In the early years of the twenty-first century the impact of immigrants on the
welfare state and, specifically, the capacity of the welfare state to absorb large
numbers of immigrants has become a staple of discussion among policy makers
and politicians.
D. But the issues themselves are not new and have historical roots that go much
deeper than have been acknowledged.
ANSWER CABD.
8. WEB SECURITY
[A]. In the lobby of an internet search engine company’s headquarters in
California, computer screens display lists of words being entered into the
company’s search engine.
[B]. Over the past year, a series of privacy gaffes and government attempts to
gain access to the internet user’s online histories have, along with consolidation
among online search and advertising groups, thrust the issue of internet privacy
into the spotlight.
[C]. This presents a challenge to internet search companies, which have built a
multi-billion dollar industry out of targeted advertising based on the information
users reveal about themselves online.
[D]. Although it says that the system is designed to filter out any scandalous or
potentially compromising queries, the fact that even a fraction of searcher can be
seen by visitors to the world’s biggest search company is likely to come as a shock
to internet users who think of web browsing as a private affair.
[E]. However, that may be changing.
ANSWER ADEBC.
PTE MADE EASY
9. A.Liberal is conservative in a moderate Midwestern kind of way which is

changing fast due to big National Beef Packing plant which relies on Hispanic
migrants and thus four-fifths of the children in Liberal’s public-school system are
Hispanic.
B.Liberal’s mayor, Joe Denoyer, who was raised in a Democratic family near
Chicago and moved to Liberal in search of work.
C. This should make the town receptive to Democrats, but Mr. Trump easily won
the county of which it forms part.
D. Mr. Denoyer voted for Mr. Trump by being impressed by his promise, though
he thinks it unlikely that the president will keep his promises.
E. The town of Liberal is said to have been named for an early settler famous
among travelers for being free with drinking water.
ANSWER EACBD
10.A. With these, hunters could approach Belugas within hunting range and profit
from its inner skin and blubber.
B. Belugas seem to have used their well-known sensitivity to noise to evolve an
‘avoidance’ strategy to outsmart hunters and their powerful technologies.
C. To escape an approaching motor, Belugas have learned to dive to the ocean
bottom and stay there for up to 20 minutes, by which time the confused predator
has left.
D. Today, however, even with much more powerful engines, it is difficult to come
close, because the whales seem to disappear suddenly just when you thought you
had them in your sights.
E. High-powered outboard motors were considered to be one of the major
threats to the survival of the Beluga whales.
F. When the first outboard engines arrived in the early 1930s, one came across 4
and 8 HP motors.
ANSWER EFADCB
PTE MADE EASY
11.A. Her comprehension of language is therefore very high.

B. According to recent research, the critical period for developing language skills is
between the ages of three and five and a half years.
C. The read-to child already has a large vocabulary and a sense of grammar and
sentence structure.
D. Children who are read to in these years have a far better chance of reading
well in school, indeed, of doing well in all their subjects.
E. And the reason is actually quite simple.
F. This correlation is far and away the highest yet found between home influences
and school success.
ANSWER BDFECA
PTE MADE EASY
The fourth sub-section of reading section of PTE academic exam is fill in the blanks
This item type has a passage with some missing words in between. The test taker
requires to choose the right words from a list of words given to fill in the blanks.
The number of words in the list are more than the number of gaps, so you will never
be able to use up all of them.
TIPS:
 Skim the text for the cornerstone idea of the text.

 The trick is to use ‘Collocation’. Think of the words that often go together to
form a phrase.
 Search for the missing part of speech to choose the right word for the gap.
Always make it a point to understand the context before choosing the word.
For instance hearing and listening infer different meanings altogether.
 Spend approximately 2 minutes on each question.
PTE MADE EASY
Fill in the Blanks: Check for Logical Consistency, Verb forms, and vocabulary
usage.
1. Read the given text and choose words from the box to fill the gaps.
fact reality greatly may flaunt hardly can show
Many parents greet their children’s teenage years with needless dread. While
teens (1) assault us with heavy metal music, (2) _ outlandish clothes
and spend all their time with friends, such behavior always adds up to full-scale
revolt teenage rebellion according to psychologist Laurence Steinberg, has
been (3)_ exaggerated. Sociologist Sanford Dornbusch agrees. “The idea
teenagers inevitably rebel is a (4) that has the potential for a great family
ruin,” say Dornbusch.
Answer 1. may 2. flaunt 3.hardly 4. reality
alike after carefully if just as that until slowly
Can we see (1) the earth is a globe? Yes, we can, when we watch a ship
that sails out to sea. If we watch closely, we see that the ship begins to disappear.
The bottom of the ship disappears first, and then the ship seems to sink lower and
lower, (2) we can only see the top of the ship, and then we see nothing at
all. What is hiding the ship from us? It is the earth. Stick a pin most of the way into
an orange, and (3) turn the orange away from you. You will see the pin
disappear, (4) a ship does on the earth.
Answer 1. that 2. until 3. slowly 4. just as
PTE MADE EASY
core hierarchy entire crux rewind all start postion
Educational planning should aim at meeting the educational needs of

the (1) population of all age groups. While the traditional structure of
education as a three layer (2) from the primary stage to the university
represents the (3) , we should not overlook the periphery which is
equally important. Under modern conditions workers need to (4) _ or
renew their enthusiasm, or strike out in a new direction or improve their skills as
much as any university professor.
Answer 1. entire 2. hierarchy 3. core 4. rewind
tradition involved grown part difficult treated complexity admitted
About three million young people in the United States are ............. in
cheerleading.People often think of cheerleaders when they think of school
spirit.Cheerleaders are a ................ at football games and other sports events.
They help get the crowds excited for their team.In the past, cheerleading at
American schools mostly involved shouting cheers and jumping up and down. But
cheerleading has ............. into a sport of its own.The moves are more
physical.Cheerleaders, for example, are often thrown into the air.The................ of
modern cheerleading has led to more injuries.A new study shows that the
number nationwide increased one hundred ten percent during the years
examined.It says hospital emergency rooms ................ more than two hundred
thousand cheerleaders between 1990 and 2002.
ANSWER involved | tradition | grown | difficulty | treated
PTE MADE EASY
thought struggle believed hamper issue weaken demand
The American Civil War began in 1861 as a ............ over the right of states to leave
the Union. President Abraham Lincoln firmly.............. that a state did not have
that right. And he declared war on the southern states that tried to leave.Lincoln
had only one reason to fight: to save the Union. In time, however, there was
another reason to fight: to free the black people held as slaves in the
South.Lincoln had tried to keep the ............. of slavery out of the war. He feared it
would ................. the northern war effort. Many men throughout the North would
fight to save the Union. They would not fight to free the slaves.
ANSWER struggle | believed | issue | weaken |
6 Read the given text and choose words from the box to fill the gaps.
demanding signify cultures exploited represent mined famous difficult

supplier
The use of valuable stones like diamonds goes back thousands of years. Rulers of
many ancient ............. used gemstones to show wealth and importance.
Diamonds still .............. power and fame. Rich and famous people around the
world wear diamonds. And, most women in the United States receive a diamond
ring when they agree to a marriage proposal.Diamonds are.............. from the
Earth. They are cut, made to shine and then sold at high prices. The nation of
South Africa is ........... for its supply of diamonds. For generations, men have gone
deep down into the Earth to bring out the rough stones. It is very .............. and
dangerous work.
ANSWER cultures | represent | mined | famous | difficult
PTE MADE EASY
The fifth sub-section of reading section of PTE academic exam is READING &
WRITING: FILL IN THE BLANKS
Students will see a text on screen with a number of gaps required to be filled. Next
to the gaps will be a drop list with some responses and the right one is required to
be selected.
TIPS:
 Glide over the text to comprehend the overall meaning of the passage.
Reading to understand the overall meaning or cornerstone idea will help you
pick the right words that fit in the context.
 Choices presented in the drop down menu are quite deceptive and appear
similar; however, they carry different meanings and are used in different
contexts. So, do not rush in making the choices.
 Read either side of the gap to help yourself narrow the choices without
wasting much time.
PTE MADE EASY
READING AND WRITING: FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Fill in each gap from list of options given below.
This is a recipe that would have been 1) to all Britons living and
working in the Imperial Raj. Indeed the 2) of Indian cooks, British
tastes and exotic foods have made a lasting 3) on British cuisine right
down to the present day.
1 a) familiar b) recognized c) renowned d) noted

2 a) merger b) unite c) combination d) coalition
3 a) impression b) perception c) verdict d) opinion
ANSWER 1 (a) 2 (c) 3 (a)
2. Fill in each gap from list of options given below.

New, strange and exciting ingredients would be used to 1) and
recreate familiar, edible and nutritious meals befitting the 2) class
that they had become. Lack of refrigeration, a hot and humid climate and
unfamiliar cooking facilities would all 3) to make cooking an even more 5)
prospect than it already would have been. However, the results of
these intrepid culinary explorers could often be an interesting 8) of
East meets West.
4 a) attempt b) try c) seek d) trial

5 a) general b) widespread c) ruling d) dominate
6 a) colluded b) accessory c) conspire d) plan
7 a) exhausted b) mysterious c) enigmatic d) difficult
8 a) add b) combine c) addition d) mix
ANSWER 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5(d)
PTE MADE EASY
PRACTICE SET 1:
Human factors, with its (1)………. on user- or person-centered design, can help to
ensure that health care in the home suits the people, the tasks, and the
environments involved and that the care provided is safe, (2) , and efficient.
According to the International Ergonomics Association, “[Human factors] is the
scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among
humans and other elements of a system, and the (3)………. that applies theory,
principles, data, and other methods to design in order to optimize human well-
being and overall system performance” (International Ergonomics Association,
2010).Human factors is (4)………. concerned with applying what is known about
human behavior, abilities, limitations, and other characteristics to the design of
systems, tasks/activities, environments, and equipment/technologies. It is also
concerned with the design of training programs and instructional materials that (5)
the performance of tasks or the use of technology/equipment.
1 stress Emphasis prominence focus
2 practical Effective theoretical implicit
3 profession Sphere Field pursuit
4 so Thus therefore hence
5 assist Support Aid reinforce
PTE MADE EASY
PRACTICE SET 2:
Smoking is still very (1)………. in certain places in the world. In Greece, 40% of people
over the age of 15 are smokers. Belgium isn’t too far behind either, consuming a
(2)………. amount of tobacco per capita annually. Part of this has to do with the
public’s perception of smoking in these places. In Greece, for example, efforts to
ban smoking in public are relatively (3)………. and not well- enforced. Efforts to curb
smoking through taxation have largely failed as well; Greece, for one, has a large
black market for cheaper cigarettes.The United States has seen a (4)………. drop in
cigarette consumption over time, an important change given the importance of
tobacco as a cash crop in the colonial days. (5)………. the reduction, the US still
manages to make the top five in terms of tobacco consumption. For the most part,
states have been free to regulate tobacco usage as they see fit. As a result, policies
on smoking in public and the price of a pack of cigarettes (6) widely from one state
to another. Regardless
of particular state laws, it is increasingly more common for restaurants, offices,
bars, and other businesses to proactively ban smoking on premises.
1 usual common popular regular
2 great tremendous Huge whooping
3 old recent New former
4 steady instant significant fast
5 inspite of even with despite regardless of
6 varies deviate Differ change
PTE MADE EASY
PRACTICE SET 3:
Prior to independence, the healthcare sector in India was in a (1) ..........with a

large number of deaths and rampant spread of infectious diseases. After
independence, the Government of India laid (2) ......... on primary healthcare and
India has put in sustained efforts to better the healthcare system (3) ......... of the
country. The government initiative was not enough to meet the demands of a
growing population be it in primary, secondary or tertiary healthcare. Alternate
sources of finance were critical for the sustainability of the health sector.Till about
20 years ago, private sector ventures in the healthcare sector (4) ......... of only
solo practitioners, small hospitals and nursing homes. The quality of service
provided was excellent especially in the hospitals run by charitable trusts and
religious foundations. In 1980s, realizing that the government on its own would
not be able to (5) ......... for health care, the government allowed the entry of
private sector to reduce the (6) ......... between supply and demand for healthcare.
The establishment of the private sector has resulted in the (7) ......... of
opportunities in terms of medical equipment, information technology in health
services, BPO, telemedicine and medical tourism.Large companies and (8)……….
individuals have now started five star hospitals which dominate the space for the
high end market. The private sector has made (9) ......... progress, but on the flip
side it is also responsible for increasing (10) ......... in the healthcare sector. The
private sector should be more socially relevant and effort must be made to make
private sector accessible to the weaker sections of society
1 shambles failure demand prosperity
2 bricks emphasize request stress
3 through acrossSharing with
4 made comprise consisted is
5 cater provide manage survive
6 gap position distance length
PTE MADE EASY
7 reduction sea cropping disabling
8 needy destitute Bigger affluent
9 improve many improvised tremendous
10 speed pace inequality uniformity
PRACTICE SET 4:
Actually, everyday we all engage in this business of ‘reading’ people. We do it

(1)………. We want to figure others out. So we (2)………. make guesses about what
others think, value, want and feel and we do so based on our (3) beliefs and
understanding about human nature. We do so because if we can figure out (4)……….
and intentions of others the possibility of them (5)………. or hurting us, lessens and
this will help us to avoid a lot of unnecessary pain and trouble. We also make
second-guesses about what they will do in future. How they will respond if we make
this or that response. We do all this second guessing based upon our (6)………. of
what we believe about the person’s inner nature (7) his or her roles and
manners. We mind-read their deeper motives
1 vehemently practically actually incessantly
2 ably constantly partly largely
3 proactive reactive decorative assumptive
4 manifestations expressions motives hopes
5 tricking blaming furthering alarming
6 projection exhibition situation prediction
7 organizing underneath appreciatingproposing
PTE MADE EASY
PRACTICE SET 5:
In science, models are often used to try and (1)………. what might happen in the
future. A model is something used when it is impossible or impractical (for example,
too expensive) to use a real system to make measurements. They can be set up in
many different ways, such as a practical experiment or as a computer simulation.
Scientists study real measurements that have been taken in the past and use these
to set up their model. They make assumptions about things that (2) happen
and then test them using their model. For example, a researcher
might want to know the effects of using wind generated electricity on the national
grid. It would not be wise to (3)………. test this out on the nation’s electricity supply
in case something went wrong. So a model can be built that behaves in a similar
way to the national grid. The researchers can test different ways of adding their
model wind farm onto the grid and (4) what happens.In
other areas such as climate change, scientists use computer models to try and
predict what the climate might be like in the future. Scientists can (5)……….
information about a number of different things like current measurements of
greenhouse gases, the current population of the world etc.
S.NO CHOOSE MISSING WORDS

1 foretell predict anticipate see
2 may can shall might
3 just really actually indeed
4 measure test evaluate try
5 input data take process
PTE MADE EASY
PTE-LISTENING
PTE MADE EASY
The first sub-section of listening section of PTE academic exam is SUMMARIZE

SPOKEN TEXT
The purpose of the summarize spoken text task is to test your ability to
comprehend, analyze and combine information from a lecture and then summarize
the key points in writing. It assesses both listening and writing skills. You will listen,
take notes and write.
The instructions you will see are as follows:
You will hear a short lecture. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not
present at the lecture. You should write 50-70 words.
You will have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the
quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points
presented in the lecture.
Basically, you will reduce a 60-90 second spoken text to 50 to 70 words. You will
have ten minutes to complete the task. The analogy that we like to give is that you
are at a lecture that your friend is unable to attend so you are going to summarize
it for him/her. You will listen, take notes and give the important information from
the lecture.
PTE MADE EASY
The speaker will speak for 60-90 seconds. While listening to the lecture you are
going to write down the keywords. These keywords will be nouns, verbs and
phrases mainly of one, two or three words. The important thing is that you write
brief notes of the main ideas. You can write exactly what the speaker says word for
word and paraphrase them later.
Note Taking
Write quickly and VERY neatly as you will need to reread your own handwriting.
Messy scrawl is impossible to read.
While listening, take notes of the main ideas. Begin writing soon after the speaker
begins in order to get the ideas down. Don’t wait until it starts to make sense—it
may not!
Timing
My first advice is to use all ten minutes you are given, as you will not be given any
credit for time not used. Use the time to refine your response so that it contributes
to your overall score of 90! I recommend the following timing:
1. Listen and take notes (using your pen and pad) for the 60-90 seconds.
2. Recall the main ideas for another 30 seconds.
3. Draft a response. Take four (4) minutes to do this.
4. Review and rewrite for 3 minutes, checking the following:
 Does your response include the main ideas from the text?
 Does your response make sense?
 Is your word choice correct?
 Is your spelling correct? (Do not use words you cannot spell)
 Is the grammar correct? Check: verb tenses; subject verb agreement;
singular or plural verbs.
Writing Your Draft

After taking the best notes you can, refine them for 30 seconds by continuing to
recall from the spoken text while it is in your memory. You need good notes to draw
on. Group your ideas together. Now begin to write up the framework from your
notes, paraphrasing the ideas into your own words where you can. Make sure that
you include the topic in the first sentence. Each sentence must have a main noun
and verb and is structured grammatically correctly.
PTE MADE EASY
Writing Your Good Copy

After the draft, and this should take about four minutes, DO NOT SUBMIT. Instead,
spend about three minutes reviewing your writing checking for errors and
improving your word choice to ensure your response is correct and contains all the
main ideas. Check spelling and punctuation. You should be proud of the work you
submit, and taking the time to do it thoroughly will ensure that you do not lose
valuable marks for careless errors.
Keep an eye on the time. Make sure that you finish the task and submit it before
the ten minutes are up.
So, the keys are:
 Listen well
 Take great notes of the topic and main ideas
 Write down what you can remember hearing after the recording has stopped
 Review the draft making corrections
 Submit!
TRY THESE TEMPLATES FOR MAKING NOTES
PTE MADE EASY
Audio Transcript
I want to see a show of hands how many of you have unfriended an important person on
Facebook since they said something unpleasant about government or faith, baby care,
food and how many of you know at least one person that you evade because you just
don't want to talk to them? You know, it used to be that in sort to have a general
conversation; we just follow the suggestion of Henry Higgins in my fair lady stick to the
climate and your health, but these days with climate change and anti-vaccine, those
topics are not safe moreover; so this planet that we live in, this world in which every
discussion has the potential to transfer into an dispute where our politicians can't talk to
one another and where even the most petty of issues have someone fighting both keenly
for it and next to it, it’s not usual. Few research did a study of 20,000 American and they
found that at this instant we are more polarized; we are more divided than we ever have
been in the past. We’re less likely to cooperation which means we’re not listening to each
other and we make decisions about where to live who to marry and even who our
associates are going to be based on what we already judge. It means that we're not
listening to each other anymore; a meaningful talk requires a balance between talking
and listening and somewhere along the way, we lost that equilibrium now part of that is
due to technology. The smart phones that you all either have in your hands or close
enough that you could clutch them really quickly. According to Pew Research, about a
third of American young people send more than a hundred texts a day and many of them,
almost most of them are more likely to text their friends than they are to talk to them in
person.
SAMPLE ANSWER
The speaker tries to draw attention towards the fact that we human beings are
polarized beyond a limit in our modern times, and partly, it is due to the fact that
we do not know how to converse with each other, understand them and hinge on
technology and pre assumptions that is also proved in the Pew Research.
PTE MADE EASY
Audio Transcript
What is that keeps us strong and joyful as we go from beginning to end of life? If you were asked to spend
now in your future, where would you mostly be putting your time and energy? There was a study done to
find out what is the most important goal in life, and over 75% said that a major life goal for them was to
get rich and a different 40% of those same young adults said that another major life goal was to become
famed and we’re continually told to bend in to work to push harder and attain more we're given the feeling
that these are the things that we need to go after in order to have a better life. We strive the whole life to
achieve our goals and at the end we fail in creating those beautiful moments that can actually help us have
a better old age. Memories of entire lives of the choices that people make and how those choices work out
for them; those impressions are almost impossible to get. The more we can invest in creating the best of
our life can have a better impact on how we grow old and still fell satisfied of what we have been. Usually
most of the information we get by asking questions about out past, where in if we spend more time on have
great experiences we no longer depend on any source for finding
answers.
SAMPLE ANSWER
The author tries to shed light to the fact that we are not truly aware about the
possibilities in our future, and we make a mere guess or a prediction by depending
upon the past; by doing so, we are not emphasizing on what’s important. It is
mainly reflected in the choices of millennials.
PTE MADE EASY
The second sub-section of listening section of PTE academic exam is MULTIPLE

CHOICE , MULTIPLE ANSWERS.
TIPS FOR MCQ- MULTIPLE ANSWERS

In this task, you will be tested on your ability to comprehend the main ideas in a
text and connections between pieces of information.
There is a negative marking where points are deducted for incorrect options.
If a test taker scores 2 points for correct options, but the scores -2 for two
incorrect options chosen, they will score 0 points overall for the item.
Therefore, skim the possible options. Listen very carefully. You may take notes to
help you focus and remember especially names and numbers.
Read the options and eliminate the incorrect ones, select the correct ones. Check
your answers and submit.
You will be scored 1 for each correct response and -1 for each incorrect
response. 0 is the minimum score.
PTE MADE EASY
Highlight Incorrect Words
You will hear a recording and read a transcript of the recording which differs from
what the speaker says. You will click on the words in the transcript that are
different.
Negative marking applies. So, if you score 2 points for correct options but then
score -2 for two incorrect options you will score 0 points overall for the item.
Listen and be prepared to act quickly. If you are uncertain about whether to click
on the word or not, do not click on the word.
Write from Dictation
Here you will be tested on academic vocabulary, follow an oral sequencing of

information and use of correct spelling.
You will be asked to listen to a sentence and type the sentence in a box exactly as
you hear it. You will only hear the sentence once, so listen very carefully and write
as much of the sentence as you can.
Listen carefully and write the sentence down on the erasable pad. You can then
type the sentence on to the screen. If you are a very good typist then you can type
directly on to the screen as you listen. Work quickly and accurately.
Marks are awarded as 1 for each word correctly spelled. 0 for each incorrect or
misspelled word. Marks count towards the PTE Listening Test and PTE Writing Test.
PTE MADE EASY
PTE MADE EASY
The third sub-section of listening section of PTE academic exam is FILL IN THE
BLANKS.
TIPS FOR FILL IN THE BLANKS
This task tests your ability to understand academic vocabulary and identify words
and phrases appropriate in a context.
The best way to improve your score in this section of the PTE Listening Test is to
improve your vocabulary. Read articles from different science magazines and find
the meaning of words that you are unfamiliar with.
By reading, you will increase your vocabulary which will improve your reading as
well as your listening comprehension.
You will be scored 1 for each word spelled correctly, with 0 the minimum score.
PTE MADE EASY
PTE MADE EASY
The fourth sub-section of listening section of PTE academic exam is HIGHLIGHT

CORRECT SUMMARY
TIPS FOR HIGHLIGHT CORRECT SUMMARY
This task tests your ability to identify a topic, follow a sequence of information and
comprehend a different accent.
You will listen to a text of 60-90 seconds. You will then select the correct summary
from a list of possible options. Only one summary will be correct. The other options
may be similar but there will be only one correct option.
Read every word in each option before you make your selection. Sometimes some
words or phrases that you heard are in each option, but do not be tempted to select
the first option that you think is correct on this basis, rather read each option from
the first word to the last. The meaning may change during the sentence!
Marks are awarded as 1 for a correct response and 0 for an incorrect response.
These marks count towards both your PTE Listening Test and PTE Reading Test
results.
PTE MADE EASY
The fifth sub-section of listening section of PTE academic exam is MULTIPLE

CHOICE- CHOOSE SINGLE ANSWER.
TIPS FOR MULTIPLE CHOICE- CHOOSE SINGLE ANSWER
Multiple Choice, Choose Single Answer
Similar to the Multiple Choice, Choose Multiple Answer, in this task, you will be
tested on your ability to comprehend the main ideas in a text and determine
connections between pieces of information.
Skim the possible options. Listen very carefully.
You may take notes to help you focus and remember, especially names and
numbers.
Read the options and eliminate the incorrect ones, select the correct one. Check
your answer and submit.
Marking is 1 for correct response and 0 for an incorrect response.
PTE MADE EASY
The sixth sub-section of listening section of PTE academic exam is SELECT MISSING
WORD.
TIPS FOR SELECT MISSING WORD
In the PTE listening ‘select missing word’ task, you will be tested on identifying a
topic, theme or main ideas and form a conclusion from what a speaker says. As the
instructions state:
You will hear a recording about (topic). At the end of the recording the last word or
group of words has been replaced by a beep. Select the correct option to complete
the recording.
Do not take notes. Listen for meaning. You will either know or not know the answer.
Marks are 1 for a correct response and 0 for an incorrect response.
The first sub-section of listening section of PTE academic exam is SUMMARIZE

SPOKEN TEXT

PTE Academic Ew

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

PTE Academic Ew

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

2018

ULTIMATE GUIDE TO CRACK

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 2

Message fom the authors

If you are preparing for your PTE or any other English

Here at ENGLISH WORLD, all the students get the

It is hopefully believed that students of all the levels

All the best to students for their endevours.

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 3

As all the words of English language may be difficult to learn, it is imperative to

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 4

IMPORTANT SPELLINGS FOR PTE/IELTS

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 5

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 6

Architecture and buildings:

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 7

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 8

The arts and media:

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 9

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY FOR PTE

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 10

Filthy Dirty Nobody likes filthy ambience.

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 11

Panacea universal There is no panacea for the problems of poor people.

avarice Greedy Materialistic lifestyle makes us avrice.

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 12

ESSENTIAL VERBAL PHRASES FOR PTE/IELTS

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 13

drop out To leave school Rohit dropped out of college and

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 14

look up to To admire I always looked up to my father. He

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 15

There are several different types of collocation. Collocations can be adjective +

एक संके तन दो या दो से अधिक शब्द हैं जो अक्सर एक साथ जाते हैं ।

कई अलग-अलग प्रकार क े संके तन हैं। Collocations adjective + adverb, संज्ञा + संज्ञा,

 Invading that country was an utterly stupid thing to do.

 The doctor ordered him to take regular exercise.

 Let's give Mr Satyender a round of applause.

 The lion started to roar when it heard the dog barking.

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 16

 The bomb went off when he started the car engine.

 The prisoner was hanged for committing murder.

6. Verb + expression with preposition

 We had to return home because we had run out of money.

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 17

13 achieve (a) goal

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 18

NINE WORDS TO HELP YOU GET GOOD SCORE IN

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 19

Writing example: Following a rapid growth from 60 to 80 barrels in the first

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 20

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 21

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 22

BASIC GRAMMAR LESSON -1 (NOUN)

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 23

Definition: The name of person, place or thing is called as a noun. (िकसोी भी

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 24

 subject and object of verb: Teachers teach students.

BASIC GRAMMAR LESSON -2 (PRONOUN)

ASHOK MUNJAL & RANJAN SHARMA ENGLISH WORLD HELPLINE-9416821236 Page 25

 I didn't have my umbrella so Mamta lent me hers.