Results and Discussion

Table 1. Effect of Substrate Concentration (% or mL of Starch) on Enzyme Activity

RM Minutes of Reaction
1 2 3 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 15
A / X X X X X X X X X X X
B X X X X X X X X X X X X
C / / / / / / / / / / / /

The table shows the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity. The label
“X” indicates that the reaction mixture develops into a blue-violet coloration on iodine spot
test. Meanwhile, the label “/” indicates that reaction mixture fails to develop a blue-violet
coloration as the iodine solution is added to the reaction mixture.

The reaction A and B reveals that in higher substrate concentration, the reaction
mixture turns into a blue-violet coloration showing that the presence of enzyme amylase
is active. However, the Reaction C which has a lower substrate concentration, turns into
color yellow indicating that the starch hydrolyzed into maltose. The rate of the chemical
reaction increases as the substrate concentration increases. This is because more
substrate molecules will bind to the enzyme, so more product will be formed.

Table 2. Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity

RM Minutes of Reaction
1 2 3 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 15
F / / / / / / / / / / / /
G X X X X / / X / X X X /
H X X X X X X X X X X X X

The results of reaction mixture F indicates that the solution did not turn in blue-
violet coloration. Meanwhile, most of the time in reaction mixture G and H, the solution
develops into blue-violet coloration.
The first reaction mixture is in low pH and the results shows that the enzyme
amylase is not active. However, in the remaining reaction mixture where the pH level is 7
above, the enzyme amylase is at optimum pH because the enzyme activity is high.
Table 3. Effect of Activators on Enzyme Activity

RM Minutes of Reaction
1 2 3 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 15
L / / / / / / / / / / / /
M X X X X X X X X X X X X
N X X X X X X X X X X X X

The table shows the effect of activators in enzyme activity. In the reaction mixture
L where the activator is high, the solution fails to develop a blue – violet coloration.
Meanwhile, the reaction mixture M and N turn into a blue – violet coloration where the
activator is low. The activator affects the rate of enzyme activity in which they increase
the enzyme activity.
Table 4. Effect of Enzyme Concentration on Enzyme Activity

RM Minutes of Reaction
1 2 3 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 15
O X X X X X X X X X X X X
P / / X / X / / / / / / /
Q X X X X X X X X X X X X

The table shows the effect of enzyme concentration on enzyme activity. The
reaction mixture O and Q develops into a blue – violet concentration while most of the
time in reaction P fails to develop. As the enzyme molecules becomes saturated with
substrate, this increases the reaction rate. The rate of enzymatic activity increases as the
enzyme concentration increases.
Appendix

Reaction A Spot test Reaction B Spot test Reaction C Spot test

Reaction F Spot test Reaction G Spot test Reaction H Spot test

Reaction L Spot test Reaction M Spot test Reaction N Spot test

Reaction O Spot test Reaction P Spot test Reaction Q Spot test