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Former Member
September 7, 2013 12 minute read
Introduction
Credit management is the management of credit facility granted to customers as credit exposure allowed. Credit
facility is just like telling our customers that they need not pay immediately, they can pay at a future point of time after
receiving the goods or services. But, this payment at a future point of time involves risk. So, according to the risk
foreseen, the amount and time of credit (Credit Exposure) granted changes. For some customers, the risk perceived
may be high such that we may demand payment in advance.
This credit management comes partially under preview of Sales and Distribution (SD) and partially of Account
Receivables (AR).
Key challenge: Reducing credit risk without hampering the supply chain.
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Assuming that we already have SD and AR implemented, credit management can be broadly used to:
Automatically alert the credit representative of a customer’s critical credit situation as soon as order processing starts
and he may be able to check a customer’s credit situation quickly and reliably, and, in line with the appropriate credit
policy, to decide whether the customer should be granted credit.
Credit Check
Every customer is having a certain credit limit, which is measured and maintained by Finance people. Credit
check is done for each and every order/SD documents generated.
Credit check is performed at the following stages of Sales order cycle, Credit check settings present in each SD
document is responsible for interacting with FI module.
De ne Risk Category
SPRO > Financial Accounting > Account Receivable and Accounts Payable > Credit Management > Credit Control Account >
Define Risk Categories
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SPRO > Enterprise Structure > Definition > Financial Accounting > Define Credit Control Area
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The type of update chosen controls when the values of open sales orders, deliveries and billing documents are
updated depending upon the type of document being generated. One of the following update groups can be chosen
as available in standard SAP
Blank – If the field is left blank, the SD documents are ignored and only open receivables and open special
G/L items are used for calculating credit exposure.
000012 – When a new order is created, the open order value is added to the credit exposure. When the order
is delivered, the open order value is subtracted and the open delivery value added to the exposure. On billing
the delivery, open delivery value is subtracted and the open billing value is added to the exposure. When
billing posts to accounting, the open billing value is subtracted and the open A/R value added to the
exposure. The exposure is finally reduced when the cash is applied against open A/R.
000015 – Calculates exposure without considering open sales order value. When the order is delivered, the
open delivery value is added to exposure. On billing the delivery, open delivery value is subtracted and the
open billing value is added to the exposure. When billing posts to accounting, the open billing value is
subtracted and the open A/R value added to the exposure. The exposure is finally reduced when the cash is
applied against open A/R.
00018 – This is relevant for non-delivery-relevant orders only. When a new order is created, the open delivery
value is added to the credit exposure. When the order is billed, the open delivery value is subtracted and the
open billing added to the exposure. When billing posts to accounting, the open billing value is subtracted and
the open A/R value added to the exposure. The exposure is finally reduced when the cash is applied against
open A/R.
The organizational unit used in credit management is Credit Control Area. It represents the area where customer
credit limits are specified and monitored.
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Depending on the relationship between credit control area and company code, the credit management can be
categorized as:
Every company code has its own credit control area. Hence, we can define credit limits for a customer
separately for each company code. This method delivers benefits such as the local payment cultures can
be respected, each company code has the independence to make its own decisions.
Multiple company codes are clubbed under the same credit control area. So, if the customer transacts
with company codes which are under the same credit control area, the limit is set for all the company
codes combined together.
If the currencies of these company codes are different from that of the credit control area, the receivables are
converted to the credit control area currency to check with the credit limit set. Centralized credit management has
benefits such as easier analysis of credit policy and modifications required, the focus is shifted to other important
areas such as bad debt reductions and improved customer relations as there is only a central credit team that needs
to be consulted irrespective of the geography etc.
SPRO > Enterprise Structure > Assignment > Financial Accounting > Assign Company Code to Credit Control Area
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SPRO > Enterprise Structure > Assignment > Sales and Distribution > Assign Sales Area to Credit Control Area
De ne Credit Groups
SPRO > Sales & Distribution > Basic Functions > Credit Management and Risk Management > Credit Management >
Define Credit Groups.
The credit group specifies which subsequent transaction can be blocked for processing, if the credit limits are
exceeded.You can use the default credit groups or create new once.
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a. High-volume, low-value requires automation and efficient handling through grouping, with as little personal
handling as possible (refuse orders as much as possible)
b. Low-volume, high-value requires individualization with emphasis on reporting and blocked orders or
deliveries that can be checked and unblocked.
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The simple credit check compares the payer customer master record’s credit limit to the net document value
plus the value of all open items.
In case the value of the document and open items is more than the credit limit:
System may respond with a warning message in the sales order [OR]
Warning message and a delivery block [OR]
Error message, which will cause the document not to be saved.
Automatic Credit Check – Gives extra parameters to define credit checks like Credit Control Area, Risk Category
and…
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Recommended Use: This is seen to be safer to use as compared to Dynamic Credit Check as it covers all
documents due to varying business needs. For high volume and very low risk customers (e.g. Risk Category 001), it
is good practice to put deliveries on block and leave the orders untouched. This prevents a level of check.
Critical Fields:
This Credit check is initiated by document changes done in credit sensitive fields. One such example is terms of
payment. When this field changes, a check is done on the data in sales order against the data in the customer master.
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The customer’s dunning level may only reach a specified maximum value exceeding which the item may be
blocked if so configured.
User-De ned Checks- For e.g. Cheque received from a customer bounced, then subsequent orders may get
blocked.
Overview Screen
Customer‘s credit limit, credit exposure, percentage of credit limit used and horizon (as applicable in dynamic credit
check) are presented as status
Payment history along with the average number of days taken for payment is shown
Payment data contains details such as authorized cash discount and unauthorized cash discount that was
available for cleared items, the outstanding receivables in sales days
Dunning data consists of dunning area for the customer, when he was last dunned and the dunning level reached
during the last dunning run
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Control contains the credit risk category of the customer, date of the last check on customer credit limit, if the
customer is blocked for credit management business transactions, the credit representative group responsible for
the customer, the payment history classification, the financial standing of the customer and date when the credit
check of the customer was carried out last.
The maximum permitted credit limit as a total of limits across all credit control areas to which the customer is
assigned
The maximum permitted individual credit limit that a customer can have under any one credit control area
The currency in which the two maximum limits are specified. This is because we can enter the central data in any
currency of choice, independently of the currencies of the control areas
The currently exhausted credit limit as a total (percentage) across all credit control areas to which the customer is
assigned (should be less than or equal to max limit)
The currently assigned largest credit limit across all credit control areas to which the customer is assigned (should
be less than or equal to max limit)
Date on which the most recent general information about the customer was obtained
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Status Screen
Shows the customer’s actual individual details according to particular credit control area
The credit limit for the credit control area, credit account if the limit is to be specified for a group of customers, the
percentage of credit exposure, horizon date to be taken into consideration, the receivables, special G\L
transactions and the order value not yet transferred to FI used for the credit exposure calculation as well as the
amount of secured receivables is shown under credit limit data
The credit risk category, credit representative group, customer credit group and customer group used mainly for
sorting or reporting, the reference data for customer credit review, if the customer is blocked for credit management
business transactions, the last and next internal review date for the customer credit limit as applicable to the
particular credit control area are shown under Internal data
The date of last external review, the credit information number as applicable to external agency, the classification of
payment history of the customer as well as the financial standing is shown under external data
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When sales order is created (SD), system verifies the credit limit used by the customer by communicating with values
set in FD32 (FI)
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Block will be released if the Agent discussed with Customer and / or payment is received from Customer. VKM1,
VKM3 and VKM5 are key T codes used to release Sales and Delivery documents from Credit Block. For the
document selected, the following options are available:
Reports
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Alert Moderator
Assigned tags
FIN (Finance) | SAP ERP | enterprise resource planning | sap erp nancials |
Related Questions
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