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Smart Surveillance Robot for Real-Time Monitoring and Control System in

Environment and Industrial Applications

Chapter · January 2018

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7512-4_23

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 Smart Surveillance Robot for Real-Time
Monitoring and Control System
in Environment and Industrial Applications

Anand Nayyar1, Vikram Puri2, Nhu Gia Nguyen3(&),

and Dac Nhuong Le4
1
Department of CA&IT, KCL IM&T Jalandhar, Jalandhar, India
anand_nayyar@yahoo.co.in
2
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, GNDU,
Jalandhar, India
vikrampuri@acm.org
3
Graduate School, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
nguyengianhu@duytan.edu.vn
4
Faculty of Information Technology, Haiphong University, Haiphong, Vietnam
nhuongld@hus.edu.vn

Abstract. The current ongoing revolution of Internet of Things (IoT), is now

integrated with Robotics in various diverse fields of everyday life is making up
new era i.e. Internet of Robotics (IoR). Internet of Robotics is on the mature
stage of development and is currently surrounded by various challenges to be
solved for more implementations, i.e., design, security, sensors, and long-range
communication systems. The main objective of this paper is to propose an
Internet-of-Things-based Internet of Robot, i.e., InterBot 1.0. InterBot 1.0 is
efficient in terms of real-time environmental monitoring in terms of temperature,
humidity, and gas sensing and is equipped with long-range communication
system via 2.4 GHz 6-channel remote and also short range via HC-05 (Blue-
tooth module). InterBot 1.0 is IoT-based via ESP8266, and all the data can be
viewed in live graphs via ThingSpeak.com. The Results state the efficiency of
Interbot 1.0 in monitoring real-time environments.

Keywords: Robotics
Internet of Things
Internet of Robotics

Environmental monitoring
Sensors

1 Introduction

The next wave dominating the computing era will be completely different from the
present stage of computer and mobile computing. The next era wave transforming
computing forever will be regarded as Internet of Things. Seeing the scenario from the
past few months, a new term is always reflected in almost every component of research
dominating the computing “Internet of Things” (IoT). Today, around five million
people around the world use Internet for doing tons of tasks like browsing Web, e-mail,
chatting, online gaming, multimedia streaming, social media. More and more people

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018

V. Bhateja et al. (eds.), Information Systems Design and Intelligent
Applications, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 672,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7512-4_23
230 A. Nayyar et al.

have access to the global information and communication infrastructure, i.e., Internet
which is also becoming a strong backbone to communicate, compute, and network
among each other for sharing of information.
IoT [1, 2], a novel paradigm, is gaining rapid percentage. As per the recent pre-
dictions by Gartner [3] by 2025, 40 billion IoT objects will be connected and installed
everywhere. Generally, IoT [4] refers to the networked interconnection of everyday
objects, which are often equipped with ubiquitous intelligence. IoT will increase the
ubiquity of Internet by integrating every object for interaction via embedded systems,
which will lead to the development of highly distributed network of devices commu-
nicating and coordinating with human beings as well as other devices [5, 6]. IoT is
regarded as very complex platform facilitating the connection of things based on
objects being tagged for their identification, but also includes sensors, actuating ele-
ments, and other technologies. Connectivity of things on Internet is enabled by various
open wireless technology standards like Bluetooth, radio-frequency identification
(RFID), Wi-Fi, and smart wireless microcontroller board technologies like Arduino,
Raspberry Pi, ESP8266. IoT technology is playing a crucial role in advancements of
various commercial sectors like business management, manufacturing, smart intelligent
transport system, agriculture, automobiles, and even robotics.
Seeing the current advancement and benefits of IoT, lots of IT organizations and
research centers are investing lots of money in automation systems enabled via IoT.
CISCO has projected about 30 billion devices to be connected to IoT by 2020 [3], and
Morgan Stanley estimated more than 80 billion devices by 2020, and lots of IT giants
like Microsoft, Facebook, Google, and other robotics companies like Kuka are
spending billions of dollars in research in IoT and are upcoming with various products
like Microsoft HoloLens, Facebook, Oculus Rift, Google self-driving autonomous cars,
and even various companies are working on IoT-based robots and drones. One of the
main areas of prime focus of researchers and IT organizations throughout the planet is
development of smart real-time robots based on IoT, facilitating real-time monitoring
and doing day-to-day activities autonomously using smart sensors and even integrating
the concept of “Cloud Computing” in their overall data management.
Research trends nowadays [7], in the area of Robotics, are shifting toward more
advanced and efficient advancement, i.e., Internet of Robots [8] and IoT-aided robotics
applications. The main aim of this research paper is to propose an IoT-based real-time
environmental monitoring robot: InterBot 1.0—Smart Surveillance Robot for Moni-
toring and Control for environment and industrial applications. In terms of Internet of
Robots and IoT-aided robots [7], applications will make up a digital ecosystem com-
prising humans, robots, and IoT nodes. But the area of IoT-based robots is surrounded
by various issues and challenges in terms of security, energy efficiency, and reliable
wireless communication. So, lots of research is required in order to develop efficient
IoT robots for several applications to build a smart, pervasive, and secure environment.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Sect. 2 will cover comprehensive
description of Internet of Robots; Sect. 3 will give detailed description regarding
InterBot 1.0: Smart Surveillance Robot for Monitoring Environment and Industrial
Applications—Components (hardware, sensors, modules, mechanical components,
software), architecture, and other overall description of features of robot developed.
Section 4 will highlight live demonstration of InterBot 1.0: working, data gathering via
 Smart Surveillance Robot for Real-Time Monitoring 231

sensors, and online data analysis using cloud computing. Section 5 includes conclusion
and future scope.

2 Internet of Robot

With the tight integration of IoT, robotics applications are successfully implemented in
diverse areas. Robotics, in the modern world, are tightly integrated with sensing,
computing, and communication hardware which enables the robots to do all types of
complex and coordinated operations. With the integration of IoT in robotics, several
units complement the robot works like smart objects, sensors in the field areas, servers,
and all sorts of network communication hardware. IoT-based robots these days are
implemented in health care, industrial plants, military applications, research centers,
and even automobile-based production units. In the real world, lots of researchers
around the world are working on real-time automation IoT robotics product develop-
ment for as such implementation in diverse areas.

3 InterBot 1.0: Smart Surveillance Robot for Monitoring

Environment and Industrial Applications

In this section, InterBot 1.0: A real-time environmental and industrial monitoring

Internet of Robot (IoR) is highlighted. This section will highlight all the components in
terms of hardware used, architecture-cum-circuit working of the robot.

3.1 Components
In this section, hardware, modules-cum-sensors being used for the development of
InterBot 1.0: IoR is highlighted. The hardware Arduino Nano [9–11] is regarded as
compact, complete, and breadboard-friendly development board based on ATmega328.

3.2 Sensors
DHT11 [12] is low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor. It consists of a
capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure air and gives output of digital
signal on the data pin. LPG Sensor MQ-6 [13, 14], a suitable gas sensor for sensing
butane and propane gases. The sensor has high sensitivity and fast response time.
MQ-3 sensor [15] is a gas sensor which detects alcohol, gasoline, and vapors.

3.3 Modules
Three-axis MEMS accelerometer [16] is a triple hub MEMS accelerometer with less
commotion and power dissemination at 320 lA. It is appropriate to measure the static
speeding up the gravity in tilt-sensing applications, and additionally dynamic
232 A. Nayyar et al.

increasing speed coming about because of movement or stun. Its high determination
(4 mg/LSB) empowers estimation of slant changes under 1.0°.
ESP8266 [17] Wi-Fi module is SOC with TCP/IP protocol stack integrated which
facilitates any microcontroller to access Wi-Fi network. ESP8266 module is
cost-effective module and supports APSD for VOIP applications and Bluetooth
coexistence interfaces.
DC motor is an apparatus get together appended to the engine. The speed of motor
is counted in terms of rotations of the shaft per minute and is termed as RPM. The
apparatus gathering helps in expanding the torque and diminishing the speed.
T6A 2.4 GHz system [18] is a passage-level transmitter offering the dependability
of 2.4 GHz flag innovation and a recipient with six channels. This transmitter requires
a PC to alter any of the channel variables factor including blending and servo
switching.
Specialized specifications: 6-channel 2.4 GHz transmitter with servo turning
around, easy to utilize control for fundamental models, includes 6-channel beneficiary
and trainer framework choice.
A relay [19] is used to control a circuit by a different low-control flag, or where a
few circuits are to be connected by one flag. Specialized specifications:
high-affectability (250 mW) and high-limit (16 A) rendition. Designed for cooking and
HVAC controls: blower engine, damper, dynamics air refinement, pipe stream support
fans, and so forth: Conforms to VDE (EN61810-1). UL recognized/CSA guaranteed;
Meets EN60335-1 requirements for family unit items Clearance and crawl age separate:
10 mm/10 mm; Tracking resistance: CTI > 250; Coil Insulation system: Class F;
RoHS Compliant.
Solar Panel: High-execution sun-oriented board uses very proficient crystalline
sun-oriented cells to build light assimilation and enhance productivity. Specialized
specification: 0.53 mA: voltage: 11.2 V.
A 16  2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various
devices and circuits. These modules are favored more than seven segments and other
multi-segment LEDs.

3.4 Software Components

Arduino IDE [20–22] is stage free base for Arduino equipment and can keep running
on various working framework stages. It is essentially a cross-stage application in light
of Java innovation and has establishment of preparing programming dialect and wiring
ventures. Arduino IDE is a strong platform for all researchers, programmers, and other
industry project development professionals to develop projects on Arduino controllers
and other sensors.
The latest software which is available till date is Arduino 1.6.5. Arduino IDE is
bundled with software library called “wiring” to facilitate easy I/O operations. The
entire program structure can be written in main functions:
• setup(): This function is used for initialization of settings and executes at least once
at execution of program.
• loop(): This function is executed iteratively till powering off the main board.
 Smart Surveillance Robot for Real-Time Monitoring 233

IoT-based Web Services: ThingSpeak.com [20, 23] is regarded as IoT-based

open-source application platform and programming interface to store and retrieve data
from things via HTTP protocol over Internet. Thingspeak.com allows users to analyze
and plot graphs using data coming from sensors over Internet. It provides integrated
support for MATLAB software. It works accurately with Arduino, BeagleBone [24],
Raspberry Pi [25], biosensors, and many more.

3.5 InterBot 1.0—Block Diagram and Circuit Diagram

In this section, block diagram and circuit diagram of InterBot 1.0 will be covered.

3.5.1 Block Diagram

See Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. Block diagram of InterBot 1.0

3.5.2 Circuit Diagram of InterBot 1.0

In Fig. 2, circuit diagram of InterBot 1.0 relays are connected to Arduino Nano pin 2–9
to control motors of InterBot and robotics ARM. There is a use of ULN2803 (transistor
array) between Arduino Nano and relay to provide sufficient current between them. The
whole circuit is controlled via 2.4 GHz remote. 2.4 GHz receiver is connected to pin
10, 11, 12, and analog pin A0.
234 A. Nayyar et al.

Fig. 2. Circuit diagram of InterBot 1.0

In Fig. 3, Arduino Nano is attached to accelerometer sensor for giving information

of X-Axis and Y-Axis. This circuit contains two gas sensors MQ-3 and MQ-6 which is
connected to ADC pin of Arduino Nano to generate analog output of gas values. It also
contains DHT-11 temperature and humidity sensor. This sensor is connected to D8 pin
of Arduino Nano. LCD is connected to Arduino pin D2–D7 to display live values of
temperature and humidity.

4 Implementation of InterBot 1.0: Smart Surveillance Robot

for Real-Time Monitoring and Control System
in Environment and Industrial Applications

The overall working and live implementation of working prototype of InterBot 1.0 are
highlighted. Figure 4 shows the animated view of InterBot 1.0 (Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, and 14).
 Smart Surveillance Robot for Real-Time Monitoring 235

Fig. 3. Circuit diagram of ESP8266 and sensors

236 A. Nayyar et al.

Fig. 4. Animated view of InterBot 1.0

Fig. 5. Circuit enabling of movement of robot. Components: Arduino Nano, relays, ULN2803

Fig. 6. Circuit of IoT consists of Arduino Nano, 3-axis accelerometer, ESP8266, DHT-11,
MQ-3, MQ-6, and LCD
 Smart Surveillance Robot for Real-Time Monitoring 237

Fig. 7. Temperature and humidity display on LCD

Fig. 8. DHT-11 sensor on InterBot 1.0

Fig. 9. MQ-3 sensor on InterBot 1.0

238 A. Nayyar et al.

Fig. 10. MQ-6, LCD screen, and robotic ARM on InterBot 1.0

Fig. 11. Solar panel placed on InterBot 1.0

Fig. 12. 2.4 GHz 6-channel receiver

 Smart Surveillance Robot for Real-Time Monitoring 239

Fig. 13. Internal circuit setup with batteries

Fig. 14. InterBot 1.0 robot with 2.4 GHz 6-channel transmitter

Sensor based Live Monitoring of Environmental Data: Temperature, Humidity,

LPG-Gas and Robot Movements (X and Y Axis) results are given by online website:
https://www.thingspeak.com (Figs. 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19).
240 A. Nayyar et al.

Fig. 15. Results of gas sensor (MQ-3)

Fig. 16. Result of humidity sensor

 Smart Surveillance Robot for Real-Time Monitoring 241

Fig. 17. Results of LPG sensor

Fig. 18. Results of temperature

Fig. 19. Output of accelerometer X-Axis and Y-Axis

242 A. Nayyar et al.

5 Conclusion and Future Scope

IoT and IoR are the two fields that are poised to grow at a very fast pace and have the
ability to offer many services from monitoring, manufacturing, security surveillance,
etc., in various diverse areas. In this research paper, seeing the potential of Internet of
Things and Robotics, we have proposed InterBot 1.0. The robot is fitted with sensors
like DHT11, MQ-6, MQ-3, 3-axis accelerometer, and ESP8266 module for providing
real-time environmental monitoring. The robot is designed using Arduino microcon-
troller, and live feed of data via graphs is being presented in form of graphs via
ThingSpeak.com.

Future Scope. To fully exploit the potential of advanced technology, i.e., IoT in the coming
years, more research would be done in both protocol development, energy efficiency, more
sensors integration, and integration of long wireless communication modules.

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