Internship Report

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
JNANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI
An Internship Report
On
“ENERGY METER SAMPLE TESTING”
Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
Submitted By
NISHA C
(4GW16EI026)
Internship Carried Out

At
LARSEN & TOUBRO
HEBBAL INDUSTRIAL AREA MYSORE - 570018
Internal Guide External Guide

Mr. Nagesh M S Shama T Bhat
Assistant Professor Assistant General Manager
Electronics & Instrumentation Larsen & Toubro
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

ENGINEERING
GSSS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN
Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi
Approved by All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi
K.R.S. Road Metagalli, Mysuru – 570 016
Accredited by NBA, New Delhi. (Validity: 01.07.2017 - 30.06.2020)
Geetha Shishu Shikshana Sangha (R )
GSSS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN
(Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE -New Delhi & Govt. of Karnataka)
K.R.S Road, Mysuru-570016, Karnataka
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION
ENGINEERING
(Accredited by NBA, New Delhi, Validity 01.07.2017 to 30.06.2020)
CERTIFICATE
Certified that the 8th Semester Internship titled “ENERGY METER SAMPLE TESTING” is a
bonafide work carried out by NISHA C (4GW16EI026) in partial fulfillment for the award of
degree of bachelor of engineering in Department of Electronics and Instrumentation
Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, during the year 2018-19.
The internship report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements with respect to
the Internship work prescribed for Bachelor of Engineering Degree.
Signature of Guide Signature of HOD Signature of the Principal

Mr Nagesh M S Dr Venkatratnam C Dr. Shivakumar M
External Viva
Name of the Examiners Signature with Date
1.
2.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The joy and satisfaction that accompany the successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible.
First and foremost we offer our sincere phrases of thanks to Smt. Vanaja B Pandit, Hon.
Secretary, GSSSIETW and the management of GSSSIETW, Mysuru for providing help and
support to carry out the project.
We would like to express our gratitude to our Principal, Dr. Shivakumar M for providing
us a congenial environment for engineering studies and also for having showed us the way to carry
out the project.
We consider it a privilege and honour to express our sincere thanks to Dr. Venkatratnam C,
Professor and Head, Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering for his support
and invaluable guidance throughout the tenure of this project.
We would like to thank our Guide Mr Nagesh M S, Assistant Professor, Department of

Electronics and Instrumentation, Engineering for her support, guidance, motivation,
encouragement for the successful completion of this project.
We intend to thank all the teaching and non teaching staffs of our Department of Electronics
and Instrumentation Engineering for their immense help and co-operation.
Finally we would like to express our gratitude to our parents and friends who always stood
by us.
NISHA C
4GW16EI026
Subject Name/Code: Internship / Professional Practice /15EI84
Semester: 8th Semester, Even 2019
COURSE OUTCOMES
At the end of Internship/ Professional Practice, Students will be able to:
CO1: Explore career alternatives prior to graduation.

CO2: Develop verbal and written communication skills, professional and interpersonal skills.
CO3: Acquire employment contacts leading directly to a full-time job following graduation from
college.
CO4: Demonstrate effective management of personal behavior and practice ethical standards.
CONTENTS
Description Page No.

List of Figures i
List of Tables ii
Contents
Chapter 1: Company Profile 1 - 15

1.1 About the company 1
1.2 Organization structure 2
1.3 Services offered by the Company 3-8
1.4 Working process of the Company 8
1.5 My Internship Department/Section 9 - 15
Chapter 2: Internship Details 16 - 31

2.1 Overview of the work 16 - 17
2.2 Details of the work performed 17 - 30
2.3 Experience and assessments 30 - 31
2.4 Summary 31
Chapter 3: Reflection Notes 32 - 33

3.1 Technical outcomes 32
3.2 Personality development 32
3.3 Time management 32
3.4 Skills developed 33
Chapter 4: Conclusion 34
References 35
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
DESCRIPTION
NUMBER NUMBER
2.1 FLOW CHART OF ASSEMBLY UNIT 22

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
DESCRIPTION
NUMBER NUMBER
1.1 Logo of L & T group 1
1.2 Organization Structure 2
1.3 L & T Construction 3
1.4 L & T Realty 3
1.5 Heavy Engineering 4
1.6 L & T Defense 4
1.7 Jadcherla – Kothakotha – Toll road 5
1.8 L & T Power 5
1.9 Low voltage meters 6
1.10 L & T Hydrocarbon Engineering 6
1.11 Process Ball Valves 7
1.12 L & T Infotech , Chennai 7
1.13 L & T TS, Mysore 8
1.14 Relays 10
1.15 Meters 11
1.16 Programmable Logic Control 11
1.17 Soft Starters 12
1.18 Human Machine Interface 13
1.19 Low Voltage Device 14
1.20 Medium Voltage Device 15
1.21 L & T Founder 15
2.1 Energy Meters 16
2.2 Single Phase Whole Current Energy 18
Meter
2.3 3 Phase HTCT Meter 19
2.4 3 Phase HTCT Multi-port Meter 20
2.5 3 Phase LTCT Meter 21
2.6 Graph Maximum Demand 28
2.7 Block Method 28
Internship at Larsen & Toubro
Chapter 1
Company Profile
1.1 ABOUT L&T GROUP
Fig 1.1 : Logo of L&T group
Headquartered in Mumbai, Larsen & Toubro Limited is one of the largest

and most respected companies in India's private sector. With eight decades of a
strong, customer focused approach and a continuous quest for world-class quality,
L&T has unmatched capabilities across Technology, Engineering, Construction
and Manufacturing, and maintains a leadership in all its major lines of business.
L&T’s integrated capabilities span the spectrum of ‘design to deliver’

solutions. Decades of a strong and a sharp focus on world-class quality have
enabled it to maintain a leadership position in its major lines of business.
The Company has manufacturing facilities and offices in several countries,

and a global supply chain. It delivers landmark projects and products, helping
clients in 30 countries to create long-term progress and economic growth.
Department of EIE, GSSSIETW, Mysuru Page 1

1.2 ORGANISATION STRUCTURE
Fig 1.2: ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

1.3 SERVICES OFFERED BY THE COMPANY
1.3.1 L&T Construction
Fig 1.3: L&T Construction
L&T Construction is among the world’s Top 20 constructors. The business

encompasses multiple businesses – Buildings & Factories, Transport
infrastructure, heavy civil infrastructure, smart-world & communication,
water & renewable energy and power transmission and distribution.
1.3.2 L&T Realty
Fig 1.4 : L&T Realty
The real estate arm of L&T extends the Company’s values to the domain of
commercial and residential properties. All properties of L&T Realty embody a
sustainable design philosophy and focus on fostering integrated communities.

1.3.3 L&T Heavy engineering
Fig 1.5: Heavy Engineering

L&T’s Heavy Engineering business custom-designs, fabricates and integrates
engineered-to-order critical equipment and piping solutions for core sector
process industries such as fertilizer, chemical, refinery, petrochemical , and oil &
gas, as well as sectors such as power plant and nuclear industries.
1.3.4 L&T Defense
L&T provides indigenous, design-to-delivery solutions across the defense

spectrum – from surveillance to strike capabilities, and mobility platforms
essential to enhance their effectiveness. Also, specialized turnkey defense
construction solutions like underground structures, military bases, storage depots,
smart infrastructure and modernization of existing facilities.
Fig 1.6: L&T Defence – Propulsion systems and composite airframes.

1.3.5 L&T IDPL
Fig 1.7: Jadcherla-Kothakota-Toll-Road
L&T Infrastructure Development Projects, LTD is India’s premier infrastructure

developer. A leading player in ‘Public-Private-Partnership’ projects. It has
business interests in Roads & Bridges, Ports, Metro Rail and Power transmission.
1.3.6 L&T Power
Fig 1.8: L&T Power

L&T Power integrated concept –to-commissioning solutions for superficial
thermal power plants. Also, comprehensive services for gas-based power plants
are offered.

1.3.7 L&T Electrical & Automation
Fig 1.9: Low voltage meters.
L&T Electrical & Automation provides a wide range of products and solutions
for electricity distribution and control, across various sectors: industries, utilities ,
buildings, residencies, marine vessels and agriculture.
1.3.8 L&T Hydrocarbon Engineering
Fig 1.10: L&T Hydrocarbon engineering.
A wholly owned subsidiary of L&T, is dedicated to serving the oil and gas sector
around the world. It delivers turnkey engineering and construction solutions to
offshore to offshore and onshore hydrocarbon projects.

1.3.9 L&T VALVES
Fig 1.11: Process Ball Valves
L&T Valves Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of L&T, is a leader in flow-

control solutions for oil & gas, power and allied process industries. For over fifty
years, the Company has leveraged technology and innovation to manufacture
engineered valves for demanding services.
1.3.10 L&T INFOTECH
Fig 1.12: LTI, Chennai.
L&T Infotech’s global headquarters in Mumbai. The Company’s solutions focus

on the convergence of the physical and digital worlds, improving efficiencies for
its clients. Larsen & Toubro Infotech Ltd. (LTI) is a subsidiary of Larsen &
Toubro Limited. LTI is a global consulting and digital solutions company,
uniquely placed to pioneer solutions in a converging world. With a focus on real-
world expertise and extreme client centricity across 27 countries, LTI solves
complex business challenges at the convergence of the digital and the physical
worlds.

1.3.11 L&T TECHNOLOGY SERVICES
Fig 1.13: L&T TS, Mysore
L&T Technology Services offers design and development solution through the
entire development chain in multiple industries. The company has design and
delivery locations in six centers in India, as well as two delivery centers in the
US.
1.4 WORKING PROCESS OF THE COMPANY
L&T formed a joint venture with Sapura Crest Petroleum Berhad, Malaysia for
providing services to the offshore construction industry. The joint venture owns
and operates the LTS 3000, a crane vessel for heavy lifting and pipe-laying.
L&T Power has set up an organization focused on coal-based, gas-based and
nuclear power projects. L&T has formed two joint ventures with Mitsubishi
Heavy Industries, Japan to manufacture super critical boilers and steam turbine
generators.
L&T is among the largest five fabrication companies in the world. L&T has a
shipyard capable of constructing vessels of up to 150 meter long and
displacement of 20,000 tons at its heavy engineering complex at Hazira, Gujarat.
The shipyard constructs specialized heavy-lift ships, CNG carriers, chemical
tankers, defense & para-military vessels, submarines and other role-specific
vessels.
The design wing of L&T ECC is EDRC (Engineering Design and Research
Centre), which provides consultancy, design, and services. It carries out the basic
and detailed design for both residential and commercial projects.

1.5 MY INTERNSHIP DEPARTMENT / COMPANY
L&T ELECTRICAL AND AUTOMATION
Electrical & Automation is a major business portfolio of Larsen & Toubro. The
business basket of Electrical & Automation (E&A) contains low and medium
voltage switchgear products, electrical systems, energy meters and automation
solutions. Its products and solutions cater to industry, utility, building & home,
infrastructure and agriculture segments.
The E&A business comprises two Strategic Business Groups (SBGs) – Products
SBG and Projects SBG and offers a wide range of low and medium voltage
switchgear, electrical systems, marine switchgear, industrial and building
automation solutions, energy management systems and metering solutions. Its
products and solutions cater to a variety of segments like industries, utilities,
infrastructure, building and agriculture.
They manufacture custom-built switchboards with conventional as well as

intelligent protection, control and communication to meet the power distribution
and motor control needs of industries.
They also manufacture and market a comprehensive range of high quality

electronic energy meters and numerical protective relays for utilities, industries,
commercial establishments and individual users.
L&T’s E&A business offers products and systems solutions for control,
regulation and monitoring - planning, designing, engineering and implementing
drive controls, automation and UPS related projects from concept to
commissioning. Our systems solutions cover a host of industry verticals like
cement, metals, paper, oil & gas, water, power, food processing, etc.
A major strength of L&T is its in-house design and development center for
switchgear as well as tooling facility that designs and manufactures a wide range
of high precision tools, a pre-requisite for high quality products. The facility is
equipped with CAD systems, and is also linked to the integrated CAD facility.
Additionally, our six Switchgear Training Centers (STCs) at Pune, Lucknow,

Coonoor, Vadodara, Delhi and Kolkata promote good electrical practices in the
industry by conducting courses.
The manufacturing operations of it’s businesses are located at Navi Mumbai

(Mahape & Rabale), Ahmednagar, Vadodara, Coimbatore and Mysore in India as
well as in Saudi Arabia, UAE (Jabel Ali, Dubai), Malaysia, Indonesia and the
UK.
1.5.1 PRODUCTIONS
1.5.1.1 Relay
Fig 1.14 : Relays
Larsen & Toubro offers a wide range of Protection, Control & Monitoring
Relays. These are Numerical relays suitable for Low Voltage & Medium Voltage
power distribution system. These are manufactured at L&T’s Mysore Works
equipped with modern infrastructure and employing latest testing equipment.

1.5.1.2 Meters
Fig 1.15: Meters
L&T is a leading player in the electricity metering segment in India. Having

entered the market in the early 90s on the strength of its indigenously designed
single phase and poly-phase meters, it has over a decade’s experience in design,
manufacturing and supply of electronic electricity meters to Indian utilities.
1.5.1.3 Automation Products and Systems
 Programmable Logic Controller
A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is an

industrial digital computer which has been ruggedized and adapted for the control
of manufacturing processes, such as assembly lines, or robotic devices, or any
activity that requires high reliability control and ease of programming and process
fault diagnosis.

Fig 1.16: Programmable Logic Controller
 Soft Starters
Fig 1.17 : Soft Starters
A soft starter is a solid-state device that protects AC electric motors from damage
caused by sudden influxes of power by limiting the large initial inrush of current
associated with motor startup. They provide a gentle ramp up to full speed and
are used only at startup (and stop, if equipped).
 Human Machine Interface
Human Machine Interface commonly known as HMI are deployed for control and
visualization interface between a human and a process, machine, application and
appliance. Increasingly, HMIs are becoming an integral part of Factory
Automation. L&T introduces its complete range of HMI products that help in
improving productivity and system efficiency.

Figure 1.18 : Human Machine Interface
1.5.1.4 Low Voltage Products
The Low Voltage Products division manufactures low-voltage circuit breakers,

switches, control products, wiring accessories, enclosures and cable systems to
protect people, installations and electronic equipment from electrical overload.

Figure 1.19: Low Voltage Devices

1.5.1.5 Medium Voltage Products
Figure 1.20 : Medium Voltage Devices
L&T’s Medium Voltage (MV) products comprise Vacuum Contactor Units

(VCU) & Vacuum Circuit Breakers (VCB). Sub cubicles, half panels, full panels
assembled with these products, are together referred to as MV Assemblies. A
wide range of VCBs and VCUs for various voltage levels ease customization of
any particular assembly.
Figure 1.21: L & T Founder

CHAPTER 2
INTERNSHIP DETAILS
2.1 OVERVIEW OF WORK
This report includes knowledge about different product’s manufacturing process in

L&T Mysore. It aims at technology behind these manufacturing processes of
Energy meter.
An energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electric energy consumed
by a residence, a business, or an electrically powered device.
Electric utilities use electric meters installed at customers' premises for billing
purposes. They are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common one being
the kilowatt hour (kWh). They are usually read once each billing period.
When energy savings during certain periods are desired, some meters may measure
demand, the maximum use of power in some interval. "Time of day" metering
allows electric rates to be changed during a day, to record usage during peak high-
cost periods and off-peak, lower-cost, periods. Also, in some areas meters have
relays for demand response load shedding during peak load periods.
Fig2.1: Energy Meter
Studied Stages / Units in Energy Meter Tender Team

 Input Stage
 Assembly
 Calibration and Accuracy
 Final Assembly

 Testing and Product Reliability (TPR)

 Basic Computer system Validation
 Final Inspection
 Dispatch
Introduction to Vinplus software exclusively used in L&T has been studied.

Vinplus is a data collection and analysis tool for L&T meters. This application
software can be used with tariff meters.
2.2 DETAILS OF WORK PERFORMED
2.2.1 INTRODUCTION
L&T is a leading player in the electricity metering segment in India. Having

entered the market in the early 90s on the strength of its indigenously designed
single-phase and poly-phase meters, it has over a decade’s experience in design,
manufacturing, and supply of electronic electricity meters to Indian utilities.
Since then, a strong emphasis on design and testing, coupled with the ability to
meet utilities’ express and implied needs has resulted in the development of
meters that are accurate, easy to read and more importantly reliable on the Indian
distribution network. L&T’s meters and metering solutions have found wide
acceptance in India from all major customers including industries, private
utilities, electricity boards, transmission companies, and generation companies.
2.2.2 TYPES OF ENERGY METER
1) Bidirectional & Net Meters

 Single Phase Whole Current Energy Meter
 Three Phase HTCT Meter
 Three Phase HTCT Multi-Port Meter
 Three Phase LTCT Meter
 Three Phase Whole Current Trivector Energy Meter
2) Energy Management Solutions

 Advance Multifunction Meter
 Basic Multifunction Meter
 Dual Source Meter
 Energy Meter Counter Type
 Energy Meter DIN Type
 Maximum Demand Controller
 Multifunction Meter
 Single Function Meter

 SmartComm EMS
 VAF Meter
3) Grid and Audit Meters

 Single Phase DT Meter
 Three Phase HTCT Multi-Port Meter
 Three Phase Thread Through Long Range Trivector Meter
4) Industrial Meters
 Three Phase Thread Through Long Range Trivector Meter
5) Prepayment and Smart Meters

 Single Phase Prepayment Meter
 Single Phase Smart Meter
 Three Phase Prepayment Meter
 Three Phase Smart Meter
6) Residential & Commercial Meters

 DIN Rail Mounted Meter
 Single Phase Prepayment Meter
 Single Phase Smart Meter
 Single Phase Whole Current Energy Meter
 Three Phase Prepayment Meter
 Three Phase Smart Meter
2.2.2.1 Single Phase Whole Current Energy Meter
Fig 2.2: Single Phase Whole Current Energy Meter

This compact EM101+ single phase meter fits snugly into any meter box. The
bright back-lit display ensures ease of reading.
Salient features
 Class 1 accuracy as per IS and IEC standards
 Forward energy recording irrespective of the current direction
 Indication for power on, current reversal and ELT
 Reset backups
 Multi-tariff / Time of Day metering
 High surge withstand capability
 Load Survey (Interval Data)
 Anti-tamper features
 Optical port/RS 232 port/Low Power Radio
2.2.2.2 Three Phase HTCT Meter
Fig 2.3: Three Phase HTCT Meter

The 3 Phase CT Operated Trivector Meter is designed for metering
of HT consumers and for feeders. The meter has advanced data and tamper
recording capabilities and is provided with communication ports.
The software is available for data collection, load survey analysis and energy
management applications. The meter can be interfaced to a variety of
communication devices.
Salient features
 Class 0.2s, 0.5s as per relevant IS and IEC Standards
 1A and 5A current rating
 Phase 4 Wire
 Quadrant Measurement
 Self-diagnostic capability
 Multiple tariff / Time of day feature

 Bidirectional Energy recording
 Upto 4 Maximum Demand registers
 Load Survey (Interval Data) features
 Upto 12 reset backups
 Optical port/RS 232/RS485 (optional)
2.2.2.3 Three Phase HTCT Multi-Port Meter
Fig 2.4: Three Phase HTCT Multi-Port Meter
The 3 Phase CT Operated Trivector Meter is designed for metering

of HT consumers and for feeders. It provides a flexible solution for energy
monitoring and billing bulk inter utility power flows. The meter has advanced
data and tamper recording capabilities and is provided
with Multiple communication ports.
Salient features
 Class 0.2s as per relevant IS and IEC Standards
 1A and 5A current rating
 Phase 4 Wire

 Optical port/RS 232 / RS 485 / TCP/IP
2.2.2.4 Three Phase LTCT Meter
Fig 2.5: Three Phase LTCT Meter
The 3 Phase CT Operated Trivector Meter is designed for metering of LT

consumers and for feeders. The meter has advanced data and tamper recording
capabilities and is provided with communication ports.
Salient features
 Class 0.5s as per relevant IS and IEC Standards
 5A current rating
 Phase 4 Wire
 Optical port/RS 232 / RS 485 / IR / IrDA / RF (2.4 GHz/865-867 MHz)
(optional)
2.2.3 STAGES IN ENERGY METER TENDER TEAM
I. Assembly Team
II. Calibration
III. Basic Computer System Validation
IV. Final Inspection and Dispatch

I Assembly Team
Preparation of technical specification form by marketing
ENGG: Feasibility & preparation of related documents to

marketing
Review: ENGG:
Hardware: changes
required?
Sample Preparation & Texting

 PCA inspection and
integration of PCA, BCA
 f/w loading, calibration and
internal testing
 Submission to TPR
Firmware
change
required
TPR Product
validation cleared
Y/N
Final
Inspection
Dispatch to
Area Office
Table 2.1: FLOW CHART OF ASSEMBLY UNIT

II CALIBRATION UNIT
Calibration is the process of adjusting the error of meter under test according to
reference Standard. Here we are adjusting the error of the meter by feeding error
factor to the meter by using suitable software’s. That software’s will calculate the
error either by Energy method or by Power method.
Energy Method: Here we collect the energy of the meter for particular interval
of time and then we will compare the energy of the reference standard for the
same interval of time. Then calculate the error by using following formula.
𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫
= (𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫
− 𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲)/(𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲) ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎
Power Method: Here we are collecting the instantaneous power from the meter
as well as from the reference standard for defined number of times. For average
power we will calculate the error and calibrate the meter.
After getting percentage error from the any of above method error factor is
calculated by the software and which is fed to the meter through communication
ports. This process continues to repeat till the meter error comes within the
defined error limit by software.
 Most of the software’s which are used in tender samples calibration are taken
from the process server path http://192.168.172.92/TestSoftware/.
 But for some projects which are developing stage we are using the software’s
which are given by design itself.
 For the TVM platforms like M3R WC, M3R LT, M3M WC & M3M LT,M
TRIO,ASIC N2 ,SEM 0.2,M3A,N2 calibration input (configuration like 10-
60A or 5-30A,5-10,1-2) is defined by process team only. For this we need to
update the meter firmware in the server (If it is of new firmware) by
informing process team. Once firmware is updated in the server then we can
do the calibration of the samples by scanning the meter with suitable
calibration software.
 During calibration if any meter fails then that sample is given for debug either
to assembly stage or to NPD based on the failure.
Accuracy testing of samples:

 Accuracy is the measure of closeness to the true value. After calibration is
completed meters are tested for accuracy. This process is done by Energy
method, Power method & Pulse method.
Pulse method: Here percentage error is calculated by comparing pulse output of

the meter as well as reference standard. For collecting the pulse output of the
meter pulse scanners or pulse sensors are used.
 Once the accuracy test of the meter is done meters with 50% of standard limit
will be decided as PASS and remaining samples are recalibrated and once
again checked for accuracy. If after recalibration also samples are failed then
particular sample is given for debug either to assembly stage or to NPD based
on the failure.
 Accuracy test points in tender assembly is minimum, since all the samples are
tested for accuracy at the TPR during hardware validation.
Data collection of samples: After calibration and accuracy, Gain and

instantaneous data of the passed samples are done.
 Instantaneous data is collected by giving reference voltage and basic current
to the meters. In Single phase samples instantaneous data is collected both in
Phase channel as well as in neutral cannel.
 Software’s used of the data collection is either from process or from design
based on the collecting data and the compatibility of the software to the
testing computer.
Power consumption testing of samples:

Power consumption of the meter is of 2 types i.e. Voltage circuit power
consumption and
Current circuit power consumption.
 Voltage circuit: Here we are measuring the amount of current drawn by the
voltage section of meter. This is measured by connecting terminal voltage of
the meter in series with the power consumption meter. During voltage power
consumption reference voltage is supplied to the meter.
 Current Circuit: this is measured by supplying basic current to the meter
terminal and measuring voltage drop across Current input and Current output.
III BASIC COMPUTER SYSTEM VALIDATION
Basic Computer System Validation is a process used to ensure (and document)

that a computer-based systems will produce information or data that meet a set of
defined requirements. If a system meets these requirements, it can be assumed
that it is consistently performing in the way it was intended.
Computer system validation is a critical tool to assure quality of Energy Meter. It

enhances the reliability of system, resulting in fewer errors and less risk to
process and data integrity.
Basic Computer System Validation mainly ensures Information shown on the

display of electronic meter. The following information are validated in energy
meter:
1) Self-diagnostics
 LED Segment check
 Battery & NVM health
 RTC date & time
2) Instantaneous parameters
 V, I, PF, kW, kVAr etc.
 Power On/Off hours
 Rising demand with
3) Basic information elapsed time

 Meter serial no.
 Date/time in RTC
4) Tamper information
 Missing potential
 Current reverse
 Short/Open circuit
 Load imbalance
 Cum count of events
5) Billing information
 Cumulative Registers
 TOU definition
 TOU wise MDs
 6 or 12 history data
IV Final Inspection and dispatch
It is an inspection in the manufacturing process and refers to the inspection

performed in the final stage of manufacturing process. In the final inspection, the
whole product including customer specifications are inspected.
Below Components and protocols of energy meter are mainly inspected before
dispatch,
1. Communication Port
 Optical Port
 RS 232 (Recommended standard 232)

 RS 485 (Recommended standard 485)

 LPRF (Low Power Radio Frequency)
 Local area network (LAN)
 Global system for mobile (GSM)
2. Communication Protocols
 Device language message specification (DLMS)
 International electro technical commission (IES)
 IrDA (Infrared data association)
 Modbus
2.2.4 Vinplus Software
VinPlus is a data collection and analysis tool for L&T meters. This application
software can be used with tariff meters.
VinPlus supports convenient collection of energy data either directly or remotely.
Data from Trivector meters, single phase meters and hand-held units can be
collected. Energy data collected from Trivector meters, single phase meters or
hand-held units is categorized into instantaneous values, cumulative energies,
reset back-ups, Load survey data and Tamper records.
The user is given the option to collect full data as well as specific data such as
Current Bill, Previous Bill, Tamper Data, and Load Survey or Instantaneous
values from Meter. The collected data can be viewed in the form of reports.
2.2.5 Influence Quantities
Voltage variation: 60 % to 120% of Vref. Meter shall meet the limits of

accuracy as specified in standard.
Load variation: For the load range from 1 % Ib to Imax meter shall comply to
standard limits. Again load range depends on class of accuracy.
Power factor variation: The range from 0.25 Lag to 0.5 Lead meter shall meet
standard limits.
Frequency variation: The meters hall be accurate as per standard within +/- 5%
of reference frequency (50 Hz).
Reverse phase sequence: when the phase voltage sequence along with current
when interchanged meters hall meet the accuracy as per class.
Voltage/Load unbalance: Meter shall withstand and record as per class limit
when the one or two of the phase voltages or currents are unbalanced.
Magnetic field, Radiations are the other influence quantities which disturb the
meter performance.

2.2.6 Maximum Demand

Demand is generally defined as the power averaged over a specified interval of
time.
Demand = Energy consumed in the period
Duration in hours
 The time interval for which the demand is calculated is called Demand
Integration Period.
 Rising demand:
 Register which indicates the rate of demand w.r.t time
 Rising demand with elapsed time:
 Register which indicates the rate of demand w.r.t the time completed in the
integration period
(Time is indicated in minute: second’s format)
Rising demand with remaining time:

Register which indicates the rate of demand w.r.t the time remaining in the
integration period
(Time is indicated in minute: second’s format)
Maximum demand is the maximum value of all demands determined over a

period of time (usually billing period)
Why Maximum Demand?

It indicates the capacity of the equipment required to furnish electricity to the
individual customers.
Methods of MD calculation:
 Block method:
Demand is calculated over a fixed integration period.
Ex: 12:00 to 12:30, 12:30 to 13:00, and so on. (For integration period 30 min)
 Sliding Window method:

Demand is calculated over a integration period which slides for every sub
integration period.
Ex: 12:00 to 12:30, 12:15 to 12:45, 12:30 to 13:00, and so on. (For integration
period 30 min and sub integration period 15 min)
Sliding window method is to catch consumers who take high power for durations
close to integration period but spread over two integration period.
 Maximum 4 MDs can be selected out of eight energy types.

 MD1 can be configured as block or sliding.

 MD will be stored in meter memory along with date and time of occurrence.
 Reset period MD: The demand which is maximum out of all the demands in
integration periods after the reset till time.
 Billing MD: The demand which is maximum out of all the demands in
integration periods in the billing period.
 Cumulative MD: The sum of all the billing MDs from the date of activation
of the meter.
20
18
16
14
12
KVA
10
0
10-10:15 10:15-10:30 10:30-10:45 10:45-11
TIME
Fig2.6: Graph: Maximum Demand
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
10 - 10:30 10:30 - 11:00
MD 17.5 17.5
Fig2.7: Block Method
2.2.7 TARIFFS
 Flat rate – Charge is made at simple flat rate per unit.

 Multi rate – Rate will be different for different slabs of units or based on
time of use. Usually initial block of units are charged at higher rate and then
reducing the rates for the subsequent slabs.
 Peak hours – when all the consumers want power and the demand is too
high. Usually the charge at this duration is high.
 Off peak hours - When the requirement reduces and accordingly the charge
also comes down.
 Two part tariff

1. Fixed charge proportional to the maximum demand.

2. Running charge based on the actual number of units.
2.2.8 Time of Day

 TOD means Time of day.
 Entire 24 hours are divided into time slots.
 Each time slot is assigned to a tariff registers.
 Energy consumed in a particular time slot is accumulated in the
corresponding tariff register.
 In many countries, billing is based on TODs. i.e., Tariff rates will differ based
on time of use.
 Maximum 8 tariff registers (0 to 7) can be programmed.
 Maximum of 4 TOD profiles can be programmed.
 We can provide TOD wise energies, MDs, PF.
2.2.9 TAMPER
Tamper Detection
 Tamper is an intentional change in electrical parameters such that it gives an
advantage to the consumer by registering energy less than actually consumed.
 Tamper detection is achieved by implementing logics in firmware and in
some cases needs hardware changes like magnetic card, neutral CT, Detection
switch etc.
Tamper Storage
 Tamper storage method is as specified by the customer in any of the
following method
 Sequential: Irrespective of the tamper based on the time tampers will be
stored and shown in the data. The latest tamper will appear on the top and the
last one on the last row – in the tamper data. FIFO is followed
 Block : The tamper-wise storage,
 Each tamper will have defined blocks. In block method there shall be
declaration for how many event of a specified tamper in each block.
 Sequential in block or block-sequential:
 Here the blocks will be for each major category. Inside each block many
tampers can be clubbed together
 For e.g. voltage related tampers 50 events - voltage failure, voltage unbalance,
over voltage – can be together. Irrespective of the tamper the FIFO is
followed for the 50 events.

 Snapshot recording for tampers: When the tamper has occurred and
restored the snaps (momentary values) of voltage, current, PF are taken and
stored for specified values like for kWh, for kVAh.
TYPES OF TAMPERS
 Voltage Failure
 Current Failure
 Voltage Unbalance
 Current Unbalance
 Current Bypass
 Current Reversal
 Low power factor
 Magnetic tamper
 Neutral Disturbance
 Top cover open
 Voltage high/low
 Current high/low
 Abnormal frequency
 Wrong Phase association
 Power failure
2.3 EXPERIENCE AND ASSESSMENTS
EXPERIENCE
An Internship provides the opportunity to gain hands on work experience that we

can’t experience in the classroom. Fresher’s who seek job and career changers
aren’t usually desirable candidates, but companies are willing to train them as
interns and provide them the experience they would need to get a job. It was the
first opportunity to know what it is like to work in an office, to learn how to dress
and perform in a professional manner and to apply professional skills and talents.
It was a chance to develop communication and interpersonal skills, to build our
knowledge base about a specific field and to practice a higher level of
responsibility and confidence. Internships provide work experience opportunities
to university students, recent graduates and people considering career changes.
An experience that should enhance a student’s academic, career, personal
development.

ASSESMENTS
 Weekly assessments and doubt clarification sessions was given
 Hands-on session was given every week.
2.4 SUMMARY
 Studied process carried out in Assembly Stage and Steps involved in Sample
Preparation.
 Studied Process carried out in Inspection Unit - Component Level Inspection–
Mounted Components & Non – Mounted Components, Inspection of
Part Number, Description, Quantity, Location from BOM ( Bill of Material )
 Studied about Calibration of Energy Meter
 Physical verification of samples
 Loading of samples to the Testing setup – Electric Source, Reference
 Standard, Meter fixing bench, Computer
 Required Electrical connection to the samples
 Functional testing of samples
 Calibration of samples – Energy method and Power method
 Accuracy testing of samples – Energy, Power and Pulse method
 Data collection of samples
 Power consumption testing of samples – Voltage Circuit & Current
Circuit
 Neutral calibration of samples if required
 Current bypass test
 Unloading of samples from setup
 Hands – on session on calibrating and % error Calculation using RADIAN
 Studied Process carried out in Final Assembly unit and studied Bureau of
Indian Standards – IS 13779 – AC STATIC WATTHOUR METERS, CLASS
1 & 2 - SPECIFICATION and IS 14697 – AC STATIC
TRANSFORMER OPERATED, WATTHOUR & VAR – HOUR
METERS, CLASS 0.2S & 0.5S – SPECIFICATION
 Studied Process carried out in Final Inspection and Dispatch unit – Physical
Inspection, Communication check (Port check), name plate check, customer
requirement matching, display parameter, welding, after welding
communication, Sealing, cover open clean, data collection, dispatch
documentation, Final quality assurance (FQA), before dispatch data, packing,
dispatch

CHAPTER 3
REFLECTION NOTES
3.1 TECHNICAL OUTCOMES
A brief knowledge about manufacturing of Energy Meter and its maintenance.

Assembling of various components on PCB based on customer specification.
Calibrating Energy meter using Vinplus Software. Gained knowledge about
Maximum demand, Time of Day, Tamper, Tariff of Energy Meter. Studied about
latest and future technology to be applied on Energy Meter.
3.2 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
 An internship offers the chance to learn and also gain valuable experience and
accomplishments to add to our resume and /or enhance our application to
graduate.
 Internship creates advantage over job.
 Internships helps to master professional soft skills such as communication,
punctuality and time management.
 These are skills that are key for success at a job and college.
 Internship gives us the chance to use the skills that we’ve learnt in the
classroom in a real world setting
 We can learn new skills that add to our knowledge base and gain confidence
in our abilities by giving presentations on every task or the assignments that
were carried out.
3.3 TIME MANAGEMENT
 Time management in the workplace is one of those things that can make your
life so much easier.
 Developing time management skills in the workplace is a journey that may
begin with this guide, but needs practice and other guidance along the way.
 One strategy in building an effective time management in the workplace is to
help yourself become aware of how you use your time.
 Coming to work before time is always a good habit as you get time to plan
what you want to carry out today or prepare an agenda or go through previous
day’s work for better understanding.

3.4 SKILLS DEVELOPED
 Collaboration
As an intern, learnt to collaborate with other interns and company
employees. Ability to communicate and relate well to others and work towards a
common goal which is certainly important for collaboration
 Critical Thinking
Critical thinking refers to ability to analyze and evaluate a situation or issue and
form a judgment. The tendency to think critically can be demonstrated by a
willingness to ask questions in order to understand an issue from all possible
angles, and to pose creative solutions to challenges.
 Commercial awareness
Gaining a general understanding of how organizations work and operate will
make your transition into the workplace a lot easier.
 Organization skill
 Business Etiquette
 Self-confidence and self esteem
 Practical skills

CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION
Engineering Students will have to serve in the public and private sector industries
since workshop based training and teaching in classroom has its own limitations,
Internship plays a major role. The lack of exposure to real life functioning of
industrial organization Internship plays a major role in the student employment.
Practical training is one of the major steps in this direction. I did my Internship
training in Larsen & Toubro Limited Mysuru, India. The training was aimed at
providing the students with basic knowledge about the Manufacturing of Energy
Meter and its Maintenance. Practical sessions and Hands-on Session were also
given daily.
I hereby declare that, I have successfully completed my 1 month internship

training on various fields of Energy Meter Technology and undergone various
hands-on and lab sessions conducted.

REFERENCE
1) http://www.larsentoubro.com/electrical-automation/products-
services/products/meters/bidirectional-net-meters/three-phase-ltct-
meter-er300p/#
2) http://www.larsentoubro.com/electrical-automation/products-
services/solutions/meters/metering-solutions/vinplus/
3) http://www.lntidpl.com/

WEEK 1 REPORT
WEEK 2 REPORT
WEEK 3 REPORT
WEEK 4 REPORT
EVALUATION SHEET

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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

Internship Carried Out

Internal Guide External Guide

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

Signature of Guide Signature of HOD Signature of the Principal

Name of the Examiners Signature with Date

We would like to thank our Guide Mr Nagesh M S, Assistant Professor, Department of

At the end of Internship/ Professional Practice, Students will be able to:

CO1: Explore career alternatives prior to graduation.

Description Page No.

Chapter 1: Company Profile 1 - 15

Chapter 2: Internship Details 16 - 31

Chapter 3: Reflection Notes 32 - 33

2.1 FLOW CHART OF ASSEMBLY UNIT 22

Fig 1.1 : Logo of L&T group

Headquartered in Mumbai, Larsen & Toubro Limited is one of the largest

L&T’s integrated capabilities span the spectrum of ‘design to deliver’

The Company has manufacturing facilities and offices in several countries,

Department of EIE, GSSSIETW, Mysuru Page 1

1.2 ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

Fig 1.2: ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

Department of EIE, GSSSIETW, Mysuru Page 2

1.3 SERVICES OFFERED BY THE COMPANY

1.3.1 L&T Construction

Fig 1.3: L&T Construction

L&T Construction is among the world’s Top 20 constructors. The business

1.3.2 L&T Realty

Fig 1.4 : L&T Realty

Department of EIE, GSSSIETW, Mysuru Page 3

1.3.3 L&T Heavy engineering

Fig 1.5: Heavy Engineering

1.3.4 L&T Defense

L&T provides indigenous, design-to-delivery solutions across the defense

Fig 1.6: L&T Defence – Propulsion systems and composite airframes.

Department of EIE, GSSSIETW, Mysuru Page 4

1.3.5 L&T IDPL

Fig 1.7: Jadcherla-Kothakota-Toll-Road

L&T Infrastructure Development Projects, LTD is India’s premier infrastructure

1.3.6 L&T Power

Fig 1.8: L&T Power

Department of EIE, GSSSIETW, Mysuru Page 5

1.3.7 L&T Electrical & Automation

Fig 1.9: Low voltage meters.

1.3.8 L&T Hydrocarbon Engineering

Fig 1.10: L&T Hydrocarbon engineering.

Department of EIE, GSSSIETW, Mysuru Page 6

1.3.9 L&T VALVES

Fig 1.11: Process Ball Valves

L&T Valves Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of L&T, is a leader in flow-

1.3.10 L&T INFOTECH

Fig 1.12: LTI, Chennai.

L&T Infotech’s global headquarters in Mumbai. The Company’s solutions focus

Department of EIE, GSSSIETW, Mysuru Page 7

1.3.11 L&T TECHNOLOGY SERVICES

Fig 1.13: L&T TS, Mysore

1.4 WORKING PROCESS OF THE COMPANY

Department of EIE, GSSSIETW, Mysuru Page 8

1.5 MY INTERNSHIP DEPARTMENT / COMPANY

L&T ELECTRICAL AND AUTOMATION

They manufacture custom-built switchboards with conventional as well as

They also manufacture and market a comprehensive range of high quality

Additionally, our six Switchgear Training Centers (STCs) at Pune, Lucknow,