Q.5. Why does any kind of injury to the medulla result in death?

AII S· Tl · . is because the medulla controls vital activities like the heart beat and breathing rate.
11 s

Q.6. What is the function of the cerebellum?

The ce rebellum mai ntai ns bal; nee and controls muscular activity.
A II S·
Q.7. What is grey matter?

Ans. It IS
. tl, e outer portion of th e cerebrum which contains cell bodies of neuron.
Q.8. What is the basic structural and functional unit of a sense organ like the brain?
A II S, Nerve ce ll or neuro n.

Q. 9. What is the name of the membranes covering the brain?

Adrenal gland Ans. Th ey arc ca ll ed meninges.
Cortex
Renal artery Q.10, What is meningiti s?
Medulla
Pelvis
Ans. It is a di sease in which the membranes of the brain get inflammed.
Renal vein Q.11. Where is the human heart situated in the body?
Inferior vena cava

II \
-1---11-----
■
11------
Dorsal aorta
Ureter
Ans. It is situated in the chest cavity in between the lungs.
Q.l2. What covers the heart'!
Ans. There is a membrane called the pericardium which covers the heart.
) Urinary bladder
Q.13. Name the chambers of the human heart.
S..... . Urethra Ans. It has four chambers, two upper chambers called auricles and two lower chambers called
ventricles.
Fig. Human urinary system
Q.14. Where are the tricuspid and the bicuspid valves present in the heart?
Ans. Bicuspid valve is present between the left auricle and ventricle and tricuspid valve is present
between the right auricle and ventricle.
Q.15. Where is the SA node present and what is its function'?
Ans. SA node is prese nt in the right side of the right auricle.
VIVA VOCE Q.16. Name the partition between the left side and the right side of the heart?
Ans. It is called atria-ve ntricular septum.
Q.1. How is the human brain protected?
Ans. It is protected by the cranium or the brain box and the meninges. Q.17. Which blood vessel brings the deoxygenated blood to the heart?
Q.2. What are the main parts of the brain? Ans. Vena cava

Ans. They are cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata.
Q.3. Which part of the brain is the centre of learning, thinking and reasoning?
Ans. Cerebrum.
Q.4. What is corpus callosum?
Ans. It is a band of nerve fibres which joins the two cerebral hemispheres.
Q.18. Which blood vessel carries the deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation'?
Ans. Pulmonary arte ry
Q.19. What is the role of the aorta'?
Ans. It carries ox.yge nated blood away from the heart.
Q.20. What is the role of valves in the heart'?
Ans. They preven t the back fl ow of blood.
 . th. cker than the auric es.
. I ?

' s of till' vcntndcs I .

,) l l. Why nn' t\u' ,mil. . l I od at a greater d1stance from the hea
'-'.. , , ' hnvl' tn pump ) o rt
Ans. l'\HS, , ,·s, twc~n,sl t I\L )
Q..!1. Whnt is lwnrt hrnt'! . f tl e ,wricl es and ventricles is called heart b
. l •,hxatwn o, 1 c eat
' l'hl.' CL)\\t r:H:l\01' i\Hl H.: ( ' .
t\ t\S , , I'~
·t bent initrntcc •
<._.\B. \\'ht'I"\' is tlu' lwm ·
Ans. lt is initint~d al thl: SA node.
Q.24. \\'hat is tlw rate of hen rt beat'!
:\.us. lt hl'ats 72 times in a minute.
Q.2S. 'Whnt is doubk cin:ulation? . . . .
.. \ " \ _, rt twice separately, 1t 1s called double circulation.
Ans. \Vhen the h\l)\)d entet s t 1e 1ect
. t · present in humans?
Q.2 6. \\,bat type of a circulatory sys em is
Ans. Humans have a closed circulatory system in which blood flows through the blood vessels.
Q.27. What are the components of the circulatory syS tem?
Ans. The circulatory system consists of heart, blood and blood vessels.
Q.28. What are the components of the urinary system?
Ans. A pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
Q.29. Where are the kidneys present?
Ans. They are present in the abdominal cavity on either side of the vertebral column.
Q30. What is the shape and weight of a kidney?
Ans. It is bean-shaped and it weighs about 120-170 g.
Q.31. What is the name of the structural and functional unit of each kidney?
Ans. Nephron
Q32. What sort of blood contains the nitro-genous waste which is then filtered in the kidney?
Ans. The arterial blood.
Q.33. What is the role of the ureters?
Ans. These are ducts which carry the urine from the kidneys towards the urinary bladder.
Q.34. What are the two parts of a kidney?
Ans. It has an outer cortex and an inner medulla.
Q.35. Which blood vessel carries the blood without wastes away from the kidneys?
Ans. Renal vein ·
Q.36. What is the composition of urine?
Ans. It contains water, urea, uric acid and some salts.
 VIVA VOCE
Q.1. " 'hat is the composition of blood'!
Ans. It consists of the plasma and the blood cells.
Q.2. \Yhat is the fluid part of blood'?
Ans. lt is the plasma .
Q.3. Name the ditTerent types of blood cells.
Ans~ Erythrocytes. leucocytes and thrombocytes.
QA. W'hat are the different types of leucocytes?
Ans. These are of two types. i.e. granulocytes and agranulocytes. Granulocytes are eosinophils,
basophils and neutroµhils. Agranulocytes are lymphocytes and monocytes.
Q.5. \\'hat is the function of the leucocytes?
Ans. They form the immune system of the body and help in fighting disease-causing organisms.
Q.6. What is the function of the red blood cells?
Ans. They help in transporting oxygen.
Q.7. What is the function of the thrombocytes?
.Ans. The thrombocytes help in the clotting of blood.
Q.8. What is the number of RBCs in the blood?
Ans. There are 5 million to 5.5 million of RBCs/mm 3 in human blood (approximately).
Q.9. What is the number of WBCs in the blood?
Ans. There are about 5,000 to 11,000 of WBCs/mm 3 in human blood.
Q.10. What is the ratio ofWBCs and RBCs?
Ans. The ratio of WBCs and RBCs is 1 : 600.
Q.11. What is the number of blood platelets in the blood?
Ans. The number of platelets is 2.5 lacs-5 lacs mm 3 of blood.
Q.12. Which is the respiratory pigment present in the RBCs?
Ans. Haemoglobin
Q.13. Do the RBCs have a ·nucleus?
Ans. No, they do not have a nucleus.
Q.14. What is the shape of the nucleus of the different types of WBCs?
Ans. The nucleus of the different types of white blood cells have different shapes. In some cells, it
is large and bean-shaped, in some cells, it is bilobed or even multilobed.
Q.3. Why is pituitary called the master gland? h. I t. I t , th
Ans. It is called so because it gives out hormones w . ic 1 s tmu ~ e o er endocrine glands
Q.4. What happens if there is an uudersecretion or oversecrehon of hormones in the bo~yi
Ans. Diseases occur in the body. ·
Q.5. How is diabetes caused?
Ans. It is caused when there is a deficiency of insulin in the body.
Q.6. Why are some people very short?
Ans. They may have an undersecretion of growth hormone that is why they are short.
Q.7. Which endocrine gland also secretes enzymes?
Ans. Pancreas
Q.8. Why is the thyroid considered a very important gland of the body?
Ans. It is important because the hormone given out by it affects metabolism and growth.
Q.9. When a person is scared or very excited his heartbeat increases and pulse rate also i
Why? ncreases.
Ans. This is because of the release of adrenaline hormone.
Q.10. Where is the adrenal gland located in the human body?
Ans. It is located above each kidney.
 Q.S. Name the photosensitive cells present in the eye.
Ans. Rods and cones.
Q.6. What is the function of the eustachian tube?
Ans. It equalises air pressure on both sides of the eardrum.
Q.7. Name the main organ of hearing.
Ans. Organ of Corti.
Q.8. What are the nm functions of the human ear?
Ans. It helps in balancing and hearing.
Q.9. What is the sticky secretion present in the auditory canal?
Ans. It is ear wax which traps dust and it can be removed from the ear.
Q.10. Which nerve carries impulses from the cochlea to the cerebrum?
Ans. Auditory nerve.
 VIVA VOCE
Q.1. What is mitosis'?
Ans. Mitosis is a type of cell division in which one cell gives rise to two daughter cells. The daughter
cells are similar to the parent cell and have the same number of chromosomes as the parent
cell. It occurs in somatic cells.
Q.2. What are the stages of mitosis?
Ans. Interphase (stage of preparation for mitosis), Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase.
Q.3. Where does mitosis occur in a plant?
Ans. It takes place in the growing regions, the root tip and the shoot tip.
Q.4. In which stage are the chromosomes most distinct?
Ans. They are very distinct during the metaphase stage.
Q.5. From where do the astral rays originate?
Ans. They originate from the centrosome.
Q.6. What is the significance of the process of mitosis?
Ans. It results in the formation of two cells, identical to the parent cell having the same number
of chromosomes.
Q. 7. How does the division of cytoplasm differ in an animal cell and in a plant cell?
Ans. In an animal cell, a constriction is formed which divides the cell into two, and in a plant cell,
a cell plate is formed which divides the cell into two daughter cells.
 VIVA VOCE
Q.I. Define diffusion.
Ans. It is the movement of the mo lecu les Of a substance (solid liquid or 0 as) from a
. '. b
.
region of
hioher concentration to a region of lower concentratwn regwn.
b

Q.2. \Vhat is osmosis?

Ans. It is the movement of solvent (like water) molecules from a region of th eir lower concentration
to a region of higher concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
Q.3. Give an example of diffusion from your day to day life.
Ans. When we light an agarbatti in one comer of a room, its fragrance is felt in the whole room.
This is because the molecules of the gas diffuse in the room.
Q.4. \Vhy do plants need water?
Ans. They need water for photosynthesis and for transporting materials.
Q.5. \Vhich part of the root absorbs water?
Ans. The root hairs present in tap and fibrous roots that branches out from the main root.
Q.6. \Vhich tissue is responsible for the upward movement of water in a plant?
Ans. The xylem present in the vascular bundle of the plant.
Q.7. By which process is water absorbed by the roots?
Ans. Osmosis, the root hairs acts as a semi-permeable membrane.
Q.8. How does the water move to the upper parts of the plant body?
Ans. The suction force exerted by the plant which maintains the balance of water absorbed by the
roots and excess water removed from the plant through transpiration.
Q.J. Which factors affc(·t trnnspirntion'!
Ans. Humidity. light. tempc rat ure and wind
Q.4. Wh~· do we use cobalt chloride paper strip for tran spiration experiment?
Ans. We use cobalt chloride paper strip becau se it is blu e wh en dry and becomes pink when wet.
Thus. resu lts or the experi me nt arc eas ily observed.
Q.5. Name the cells which regulate the opening and closing of stomata.
:·~-\.US.
Guani cells
Q.6. Name one anti-t.ranspirant.
Ans. Abscisic acid/silicon emulsions.
Q.7. How does transpiration help a plant?
Ans. It keeps the plant cool and helps in absorption of water by the roots.
Q.S. In desert plants like cactus, less water is lost due to transpiration. How is this possible?
Ans. Leaves are reduced to spines, stomata are sunken.
Q.9. What is a bell-jar?
Ans. Bell jar is a bell-shaped glass used in laboratory to cover samples.
Q.10. What is the purpose of keeping bell jar in the sunlight?
Ans. In sunlight the temperature is high and the stomata will remain open, so humidity is less more
water drops are seen on the wall of the bell-jar due to more transpiration.
Q.11. Why is aerial part of the plant uncovered?
Ans. For a better result, since transpiration takeplace through the aerial parts of the plant.
Q.12. What is the purpose using vaseline?
Ans. Vaseline prevents the outer air to enter into the bell-jar.
Q.13. Why is water drops seen on the inner walls of bell-jar?
Ans. As the plant transpires, it gives out water vapour. These water vapour condenses on the cool
surface of the bell-jar and forms water drops.
Q.14. State two preventions to be taken while doing the bell-jar experiment.
Ans. 1. The plant should be well watered and healthy.
2. Cover the aerial parts of the plant.
3. Keep the apparatus in light.
4. Apply vaseline to prevent the entry of air into the bell jar. (any nvo)
QA. Which part of the plant carries out photosynthesis?
Ans. The leaf
Q.5. In which form is food synthesised?
Ans. It is synthesised in the form of glucose.
Q.6. Why does the glowing splinter burst into flames when it is introduced in the test tube?
Ans. It bursts into flames because the test tube contains oxygen.
Q.7. Why is it important to destarch the plant before performing the experiment?
Ans. This is to make sure that the glucose present before in the plant is completely used up.
Q.8. Why is the leaf boiled in alcohol over a water bath?
Ans. This is done because if the leaf is boiled directly the alcohol can catch fire .
Q.9. What does the iodine test indicate?
Ans. It indicates that a plant makes glucose which gets converted to starch. This starch gives a
blue-black colour with iodine.
Q.10. Why is it necessary that the split cork should be airtight?
Ans. This is important because the carbon dioxide from outside should not enter the glass bottle.
Q.11. Why is it important to take a healthy, green and well watered plant for the experiment?
Ans. This is important so that all the factors necessary for photosynthesis are there.
Q.12. Why should the black strips of paper be fixed carefully?
Ans. This should be done carefully so that the portion of the leaf below the black strips does not
receive sunlight at all.
Q.13. What are the two phases of photosynthesis?
Ans. One is a light phase and the other is a dark phase which is independent of light.
Q.14. What is autotrophic nutrition?
Ans. It is the method of nutrition in which green plants make their own food in the presence of
sunlight.
Q.15. What is a variegated leaf!
Ans. It is a leaf which has some green parts and some non-green parts.
Q.16. Which is the cell organelle that performs photosynthesis?
Ans. Chloroplast
Q.17. What is the significance of photosynthesis?
Ans. It returns oxygen to the atmosphere and the food prepared by the green plants is eaten by
different animals.