Question Prompt:

Some people believe, which is active-voice

Rephrasing Options:
1) Convert it into passive-voice, For instance it is perceived by some individuals

2) The perception among some individuals is that

Discuss both views and give your view opinion

General Statement. Rephrase. This essay will elucidate both these views. In my opinion. Note (No use of
however in building opinion as I am not contradicting anything). Must also Briefly explain the reason
for your opinion (why you believe so)

Body Paragraph 1: Some people believe mention opinion 1 for certain reasons. Firstly, it is believed
briefly mention reason 1. That is to say, expand on reason 1. For instance, give example if possible.
Secondly, this is because briefly mention reason 2. To elaborate (Lines such as That is to say or to
elaborate help you to expand on your reasoning and use these interchangeably), expand on reason 2.
To illustrate, give example if possible. Thus, (concluding the paragraph, not use conclude here as reserve
the word conclude to conclude the essay in 4th paragraph), it is for these profound reasons that some
people believe mention opinion 1 in your words.

Body Paragraph 2: Same pattern as Body Paragraph 1. In conclusion part however, use conclude as:
To summarize (since first paragraph we concluded with thus), it is for these compelling reasons
(compelling replaced with profound that is used in first paragraph) that some people believe mention
opinion 2 in your words

Conclusion: To conclude, this essay discussed why some people believe mention opinion 1 but why
others believe mention opinion 2. In my opinion, mention your opinion

Do Advantages outweigh disadvantages?

General Statement, Rephrasing, The fundamental benefit of this is this. On the downside, however, this
leads to this. In my opinion, (merits or benefits) overshadows (outshine, surpass) the downside
(demerits or drawbacks).

Note: Mention Just One Advantage and Two or More Disadvantages if disadvantages
outweigh the advantages, Mention just one disadvantage and two or more advantages if
advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Start the advantages part first if disadvantages
outweigh and vice-versa.

1st Paragraph): The foremost advantage of this is this. That is to say, expand on the advantage1. For
instance, quote example if possible. Secondly, mention second advantage. To elaborate, expand on the
advantage 2. To summarize, advantage 1 is arguably the main advantage of mention subject and it also
leads to mention advantage 2.
2nd Paragraph): The major pitfall of this is this. That is to say, expand on the pitfall. For instance, quote
example. Secondly or furthermore (If one used in one paragraph use another in the second), quote
another drawback. To elaborate, expand on disadvantage 2. To illustrate, quote example if possible.
Thus, problems such as a & b are quite commonly associated with mention the subject that is being
discussed. However, refer to note below

Note: Try to side with the point you are defending. For instance, if advantages outweigh
disadvantages, then in the body paragraph explain how drawbacks can be mitigated. If disadvantages
outweigh advantages then explain how other alternative can be even better than the advantage you
have mentioned. However, be mindful of the fact that this a question which asks as to whether
advantages outweigh disadvantages or vice versa. In a simple advantages and disadvantages essay
which does not ask if one surpasses the other, you just simply mention advantages and disadvantages
(2 each) and do not side with any side and hence last part becomes irrelevant.

Essay Conclusion,
General Statement. While it is true that (mention disadvantages i.e. problems such a&B emanate from
it, the advantages that it bring to the country/society (be careful if the question asks for the benefits to
the society or the country) are manifold such as mention only those advantages as you have discussed
in Body Paragraph. In my opinion, the demerits marginally or significantly overshadow the merits or
vice-versa (Try to ensure different words than used before. For instance, if advantage and
disadvantages is used before than use merit or demerit or benefit or drawback. If overshadow is used
in the first paragraph then use outweigh in the concluding paragraph).

(Reverse the conclusion if disadvantages outweigh advantages)

Marked - Example of Advantages /Disadvantages Essay. Text highlighted in Red Marks

corrections/or include Advise

Tourism is encouraged in many countries. Does tourism bring more advantages or disadvantages to a
country?

The popularity of travel and tourism is burgeoning across the globe. Many authorities are implementing practical
measures to promote tourism. The fundamental benefit of tourism is that it facilitates a country to project its culture
and promote its (natural and historical) destinations? (Which destinations please specify) to the outside world. On
the downside, however, tourism is associated with environmental problems such as garbage pollution. This essay
will elucidate why the advantages of tourism outweigh the disadvantages. (Please learn to write short and crisp 3
liner intro)

The foremost advantage of tourism is that it ameliorates the reputation of a country globally. That is to say, tourism
allows people from different backgrounds to engage in the interaction (wrong collocation) that enhances their
cultural and geographical (why u mixed two aspects, just write about culture since culture is mentioned in intro as
the advantage) know-how(casual word).How?? develop this idea by giving a supporting statement and then quote
personal experience or example. Moreover, tourism also allows a country to project its landmarks and its natural
beauty to the world. For instance, the newly elected government of Pakistan initiated E-Visa facility for the citizens
of more than 100 countries and as a result there is an influx of tourists in Pakistan during last year, which allows the
world to explore the mountain ranges of Pakistan that consists of legendary peaks such K2, the second highest peak
in the world, and Nanga Parbat.(much better, here you supported your topic sentence by giving example).
Secondly,(its a third point as per your essay) tourism also eases the strain on the treasury of a country. To
rephrase??(elaborate), the government collects money in the form of visa fee and value added taxation as tourists
spend on activities such as adventure, accommodation, food and so on? (write formally, please don't use such
words). Thus, the cultural harmony and image building is the major benefit of tourism and it also yields financial
benefits for the government.(connect these last two sentences)

The major pitfall of tourism is that it leads to social problems such as garbage pollution. To elaborate, some
environmentally unconscious tourists ( we have to try to remain polite and avoid negative words) not discard the
waste properly and have the tendency to throw the trash on the ground. Thereby, the increase in garbage
pollution*repitition,use synonyms * at naturally gifted sites is considered by many to be an accusation against the
tourist influx at such sites. Furthermore, the increase in pollution levels at natural tourist attractions, which is caused
by the growing tourism, also disturbs the natural habitat of some endangered species.(now u cant defend this point,
avoid strong points in the argument which you are not supporting, I gave explained it further at the end of
paragraph)■ Therefore, the incessant increase in garbage pollution at the remote natural sites is considered to be an
indictment of the growing tourism.

(Not since I am siding with advantage only mention one disadvantage, omit natural habitat point)

■So the tricky part of advantages outweigh disadvantages essay is when we chose to be on one side. For example, in
this essay we are on advantages side of the argument so,we have to provide such points on disadvantages side that
can be corrected so that we can defend our side in the conclusion.

For example in this conclusion we will negate the disadvantage of pollution. Please see below
To conclude, although tourism leads to problems such as garbage pollution(,this can conveniently be overcome by
providing trash cans at closer distances and designating volunteers who could stop the practice of throwing garbage
on the ground at the spot),the benefits which tourism bring to the country are multi-fold such as projecting a positive
image of the culture of the host nation, promoting its tourist sites) and increased revenues of the government. In my
opinion, advantages significantly surpass the disadvantages.(closing line is good).

Problem Solution Essay

Opening Paragraph

General Statement, Rephrase, This essay will elucidate why mention the problem (topic) mainly
Emanates (stems) from mention reason. This essay will also suggest that the solution to the problem is
twofold, mention solution a) & b).

Paragraph of Causes
Mention reason acts as a catalyst for the mention the problem. (the burgeoning popularity of social
media acts as a catalyst for the limited human interaction) That is to say, explain the reason in detail.
Give examples. Secondly, mention another problem aggravates the situation. To elaborate, explain the
second cause in detail. To illustrate, give example. To summarize, mention cause is the principal cause of
mention problem. Furthermore, mention second reason exacerbates the problem.

Solution Paragraph: Mention solution 1 is the foremost solution of the problem. To elaborate, explain
the solution. Give example. Furthermore, (since secondly used in 1st paragraph furthermore is used
here to mention second solution to avoid repetition) mention second solution. That is to say, expand the
second solution. Thus, mention solution 1 is indispensable in order to topple the problem. Moreover, it
is also imperative that mention solution 2.

Conclusion Paragraph: This essay discussed why problem is frequently caused by mention cause 1 and
how mention cause 2 aggravates the situation. This essay also argued as to how the problem can be
mitigated through mention solution 1 and solution 2.

To what extent do you agree:

Complete Agreement: Intro(While expressing opinion it must start with I staunchly agree with the
notion (and not with in my opinion). Intro must also outline (brief) why you agree, which means it
should provide an overview of BP1 and BP2), BP1 should explain the most important reason why you
agree, BP2 should explain other reasons why you agree, Conclusion Paragraph.

Note: The last sentences of BP1 and BP2 must concede to a relevant opposing position but redirects to
yours.

Complete Disagreement: Intro (While expressing opinion it must start with I staunchly contend the
notion as I believe it to be utterly preposterous and it and it must not start with in my opinion, Intro
must also outline (brief) why you disagree, which means it should provide an overview of BP1 and
BP2), BP1 should explain the most important reason why you disagree, BP2 should explain other reasons why
you disagree, Conclusion Paragraph.

Note: The last sentences of BP1 and BP2 must concede to a relevant opposing position but redirects to
yours.

Partially Agree/Disagree: Intro, BP1 should explain the most important reason why you agree, BP2 should
explain why you disagree, Conclusion Paragraph.

Evaluate Pls

Q: The only way to solve the increasing crime rate of young offenders is to teach parents better parenting skills. To
what extent do you agree?

A: The burgeoning crime rate among adolescents is a cause of concern(for whom? write complete sentences). It is
argued that the sole way to topple the youth crime is to train parents. This essay will elucidate this viewpoint( why?
they havent asked to explain this view point, they are looking for your opinion that how much do u agree with this
50%,70% or 100%). From my standpoint( wastage of words) I staunchly believe that this is utterly preposterous *
means 100% disagreement to the given statement* as there are other significant considerations that need to be
addressed to topple youth crime.
Good thing about your intro is that,you showed 100 percent disagreement to the given statement which examiner
was actually looking for(how much).Now you have to defend your position and dont worry about this fact that what
examiner would think about your opinion, he has to look for your grasp on english. Considering this, in the next two
paragraphs you have to explain why ONLY parents shouldn't be considered responsible for the crime in youth and
what other factors do u think must be looked upon.

Since I follow this pattern for this type of question, therefore, I havent read rest of the essay because according to me
the structure isn't correct.
Secondly your target score is 7 in writing if u are working for FSW immigration so dont worry much about
including such a difficult vocab in the essay, but if u already have such a strong vocab thats a bonus for you. Now
focus on essay structure.

It is a considered opinion that the youth crime stems from inadequate parenting skills. It is argued that parents
normally have a stern attitude towards their children, which is detrimental to their development. That is to say, some
parents snub the children from expressing their ideas and may even penalize them on minor mistakes, which
translates into behavioral problems among children. The children feeling depressed and isolated may well indulge in
criminal activities as they grow up. For this reason, it is argued that improvement in parenting skills is indispensable
so that they more considerate to their children. To summarize (Same mistake as in the previous one)it is said that the
harsh and rigid behavior of parents can be detrimental to a child’s development. Thereby, parents should be trained
to adopt a lenient approach to their children
The above argument, however, lacks substance for certain reasons. Firstly, in a technology dominant era where the
access to online streaming platforms is ubiquitous the content and the story line of movies have a greater influence
on children as compared to what the parents can convey. For instance, over the years movies have been incessantly
projecting criminal elements as the symbol of valor and youth quite often draw motivation from such movies to
enter the crime scene. Secondly, economic constraints of the governments and the lack of corporate initiatives to
integrate youth into the work force is another predominant reason that puts them on the track of crime. . For these
compelling reasons, I believe that the training of parents is not the only solution to overcome the growing crimes
among youth.
To conclude, it is vital that the entertainment industry thinks beyond the sole motive of making money and takes
into account the social issues such as youth crime that is mainly fueled by movies glorifying the criminal elements.
Moreover, it is imperative that governments and corporate leaders address the evil of youth unemployment.

The conclusion in the last essay was better.

Informal Letters (This almost fits into most letters
Hi Abdul,

How are you? I hope you’ve been well. Sorry for having been out of touch for a short. However,
ultimately I have decided to put pen to paper and I am writing to let you know etc.

Ending:
See you soon/Take care/All the best

Formal Letter
Dear Sir / Madam, or Dear Mr. Hussain (Formal letter but you know the other person)
I hope this letter finds you in the best of spirits.
Ending: Yours faithfully (when person is unknown), Yours sincerely (when person is known)

Examples: You successfully passed a job interview. You are expected to start on November 15,
but you will not be available on that date.

Task: Write a letter to your new boss, explaining your situation, expressing your concern, and
suggesting a solution.

ANSWER:

Open: I hope this letter finds you well or in the best of spirits.

First Paragraph: Don’t just start with I am writing to say blab la bla. Must provide a perspective.
For instance:

“I hope this letter finds you well or in the best of spirits. I am Taimoor Ahmad and I have been
interviewed and selected for the position of ‘Senior Associate - Investment Banking &
Transactions Advisory” at Point72 Capital Management during September. While it was mutually
agreed that I would be joining Point72 Capital Management on November 15, I am afraid that I
would not be able to report on the agreed date for reasons outlined below.

Body Paragraph 1: Explain reasons

Body Paragraph 2: Suggest Solutions

Conclusion Part: I sincerely apologize for the inconveniences and expect this will not affect our
relationship. If I am expected to submit any form as an evidence or you want to talk me in detail,
kindly let me know by contacting on my given number.

Looking forward for your positive response.

Yours faithfully,

General Topic where I lacked ideas: Organic Food or Organic Meat

Organic Food: Advantages

1) Organic foods often have more beneficial nutrients, such as antioxidants, than their conventionally-grown
counterparts. That is to say, organic food is grown without the use of synthetic pesticides, bioengineered genes
(GMOs), petroleum-based fertilizers and as a result people with allergies to foods, chemicals, or preservatives
often find their symptoms lessen or go away when they consume organic foods.

2) Organic food tastes better. To elaborate, organic food is often fresher because it doesn’t contain preservatives
that make it last longer which adds to its taste. For instance, organic food is often produced on smaller farms near
where it is sold.

Organic Meat: Advantages

1) Organic meat is healthier as opposed to the meat that is sourced from conventionally-grown animals.
That is to say, the organically-raised livestock have access to the outdoors and are given organic feed
which helps to keep them healthy.
 2) Organic livestock are richer in certain nutrients, such as antioxidants. That is to say, these animals are not
given antibiotics, growth hormones, or any animal by-products and as a result people with allergies to
chemicals often find their symptoms lessen or go away when they consume organic meat.

Organic Food/Meat Disadvantages

Prices tend to be higher for organic than conventional products. That I to say, owing to higher labor costs
and lower volume of production farmers typically charge a premium price for their products. However, this
problem can be mitigated by subsidizing farmers. This means that as conventional products lead to health
related hazards which translates into a strain on a country’s treasury, the governments can subsidize
farmers to increase the volume of production.

Key Vocabulary
Obesity, paunchiness, fatness
Fast Food, Junk food
Catalyst
Incessant increase or decrease or plummeting incessantly
Burgeoning success or Burgeoning failure
Replace, supplant, substitute
exacerbate, worsens, aggravate
exorbitant, excessive, inflated, ridiculous
Homeless, vagrant, without a shelter
impoverished, deprived, disadvantaged, underprivileged
ultimately, eventually
menial, unskilled
Impediments, barriers
preventable, avoidable, avertable
dangerous, hazardous, perilous
disease. Ailment
Instill, introduce
barred, prevent
normal, usual. Customary
stern, severe, strict,
utterly Preposterous, absurd, irrational, fatuous
necessary, essential, indispensable,
unnecessary, pointless, dispensable, superfluous [and as such are not needed]
culture, ethos
prefer, fancy, choose, prioritize
redundant, outdated obsolete,
food, diet
food items. Dietary items
slander, defamation, malignant, malevolent
imputation, accusation
adolescence, youth, puberty, sexual maturity
Thereby, so, thus
hassle, annoyance
common, ubiquitous, pervasive , omnipresent, persistent, prevalent
Repercussions, consequences
commotion, disorder
precipitation, rainfall
combat, contest, fight, curb
burgeoning, growing, escalating, flourishing,
Popular, prevalent, widespread
Confounding, Confusing
Sporadic / sparse / intermittent / limited
Staggering, astounding, amazing
Disaster, Catastrophe, calamity
Heinous
Shambolic
impractical, impossible
epidemic, scourge, misfortune
amelioration, improvement, amelioration in living standard
insidious, subtle
apotheosis, climax, peak, pinnacle
Profound, compelling, persuasive, intense, thoughtful
Considerate (lehaz karny vala) (considerate of others), kind, caring, sympathetic
incessantly, persistently, continuously
downward or upward spiral, Downward or upward trajectory
misplace, mislay, mislaid
Backlash, Counterattack,
astronomical
Adorned, decorated, ornamented, garlanded
Sullen (a sulky or depressed mood)
wunderkind, genius, prodigy
pitfall, drawback, disadvantage
umbrage, resentment, annoyance
topple, collapse, tumble

Important Spellings for Listening

Museum
Dialysis
Exaggerate
Accommodation
Crisis
Receive
Deceive
Believe
Belief
Psychology
Psychiatrist
Fahrenheit
Leukemia
Philippines
Pennsylvania
encyclopedia
Philadelphia
San Francisco
Premises
Millennial
Equivalence
New Zealand
Postgraduate
apologize
millennium
questionnaire
Laundry
Battery
optometrist
Dining
Garage
skiing
snowboarding
aquaculture
cannibalization
amateur
mammals
recipe
tomatoes
potatoes
tomorrow
acupuncture
homeopathy
allopathic
calorie
New Orleans

Possible Opening General Statement:

 Given the ubiquity of free and easily accessible internet pornography

 Whether A or B should be part of _______ has become increasingly controversial, is/are
ubiquitous these days
 There is no denying that
 There has been a considerable debate as to whether summarize prompt but the argument is
unsettled as of now.
 This essay will argue why some people contend against holiday planning but why others,
including me, staunchly support the idea.
 Thirty years ago best-selling author Michael Lewis penned a damning indictment of the culture
of Wall Street bond traders in the semi-autobiographical novel, Liar's Poker.
 these rapidly escalating crime figures are an indictment of our society
  Post-marriage sexual problems are a damning indictment of the burgeoning trend of late
marriages. (The Burgeoning Trend Of Age-Friendly States)

Possible Concluding General Statement:

 With the introduction or use of whatever the topic is, traditional routines such as whatever the
topic are being challenged / is/are ubiquitous these days
 From what have been discussed above, we may conclude that

Sentences
 Some people think, Some people perceive, it is thought by some people
 It is a considered opinion
 ‘Sexual harassment’ is a serious and insidious problem
 What’s more, we are at the mercy of electronics. While a book can last a century, the internet
may be susceptible to failure, which would destroy all information.
 Internet based learning can be detrimental to the analytical and research skills because one
can simple copy and paste the stuff.
 Has become increasingly popular or prevalent/unpopular among different demographics of
society, is/are ubiquitous, Has become a phenomenon
 The global market for malt products is growing rapidly because of beer's burgeoning
popularity in developing markets.’
 The number of students heading to foreign universities in the pursuit of advanced education
is growing because of foreign universities’ burgeoning popularity in developing countries
 For instance, there have been some recorded instances of --------
 For instance, there is irrefutable evidence
 Bolstered existing fears, reinforce good behavior
 "the exorbitant cost of land in urban areas only exacerbated the problem
 can save busy individuals the unnecessary hassle of having to
 The idea is completely preposterous or absurd
 This essay argued that people who are in favor or against _____ have a flawed
understanding of its consequences (the verb or topic can be written instead of
consequences) and why it can be counterproductive.
 With online option, purchasing food has become one-click process - a person can simply click
through a website and have the food delivered to one’s door within a very short time span.
 In my opinion, planning is an absolute imperative and is completely justified despite the small
and occasional risks involved
 in my opinion, --------- is absolutely subservient and is completely unjustified
 To choose from a vast array of different products
 The shared diversity of the class helped me shape my thinking and perspectives about people, a
skill that is definitely helping me a lot in my professional life.
 Some groups argue to get rid of motor vehicles and to promote the use of bicycles. It is
suggested that such a measure will not only promote a healthier lifestyle but also ensure that
we are breathing in fewer pollutants.
 Many restaurants allow a turnaround time of 30 minutes on online delivery.
  For instance, in supermarkets cashiers have been supplanted with automated stations that can
work around the clock, in finance algorithm based trading strategies are expected to replace
stock traders, and in the field of auto motives, electric cars are predicted to replace fuel
oriented cars.

Exacerbate Sentences
 Not paying your taxes will only exacerbate your financial problems in the future
 Many parents fear that the temptation for fantasy books will only exacerbate the academic
performance of their children
 Exorbitant consumption of cheese will only exacerbate health related hazards
 Yelling does nothing but exacerbate a heated conversation by increasing the hostility
 If you do not tell the truth in court, you will only exacerbate the charges against you

Exorbitant

 Even though I really need a loan, I cannot pay those exorbitant interest fees
 While the painters charged us an exorbitant fee, they did very little work

Fatuous (silly and pointless)

 Buying a car without negotiating down the price is a fatuous move

 It was a fatuous choice to carry so many glass cups at once

Wunderkind (Prodigy) (A highly talented or gifted individual; one who is successful at a young age)
 It soon became clear, however, that we had rushed our smart, enthusiastic, sophisticated, and
committed wunderkind into leadership.

Phlegmatic (not easily upset, excited, or angered or in control of emotions)

 The normally phlegmatic man could not help but yell when he won a gigantic lottery prize
 Since the political candidate was phlegmatic and hardly ever showed his feelings, he found it
difficult to connect with the voters

Sullen (a sulky or depressed mood)

 The mountaineering community was in sullen despair in the wake of the tragedy
 The latter was riding with a sullen expression on his face
 Betsy remained sullen through the week until Thursday night when I came home to find her in
tears
Adorned and Multitude in one sentence : (Adorned means decoration while Multitude means
abundance)
 He built a stately house in the city, and adorned it with a multitude of paintings.

Vindicated (show or prove to be right, reasonable, or justified)

 For these profound reasons, those who are supportive of holiday planning are thought to be
vindicated.
 The results vindicated the governor's action; he obtained a majority of 114,000 votes (out of a
total of 510,000)
 For these reasons, the advocates or propagators of holiday planning feel vindicated
 The idea of holiday planning, which has been called in question by many, has been remarkably
vindicated by recent catastrophes such as the K2 disaster in 2008
 For these profound reasons, the burgeoning popularity of fantasy books among children, which
has been called in question by parents, has been remarkably vindicated.

Strenuous or Strenuously

 Every element of the novels conveys a strenuous sense of discipline

 Avoid all strenuous exercise until the sprain heals
 Today has been a very strenuous day.
 The proposal has faced strenuous opposition
 The long working hours, inadequate work-life balance and the ever increasing job pressure
exhibit a strenuous urban lifestyle
 Frequent trips to the salon are just another strenuous part of the idol lifestyle

Ubiquitous sentences

 Computers are becoming increasingly ubiquitous

 He aims to make his product ubiquitous by selling it internationally
 They have become a seemingly ubiquitous part of our national culture or Foreign Universities
have become a seemingly ubiquitous part of our educational culture
 They have become ubiquitous in the workplace, but at what price?
 These styles are ubiquitous in the wedding invitation world
 The most astounding feature of a mobile phone is its almost ubiquitous coverage.
 Because the police presence was ubiquitous at the parade, everyone felt very safe.
 As evidenced by the increased number of shootings in this country, gun violence has become a
ubiquitous epidemic
 As evidenced by the burgeoning immigrant population of developed countries, flight of human
capital has become a ubiquitous epidemic in developing countries
  Many people believe you do not have to search for God because he is ubiquitous and exists
everywhere.
 The phrase “going green” is one of the latest ubiquitous phrases being tossed around by
corporations
 In the summer months, tourists are ubiquitous at every beachfront hotel in Florida
 Television is the most ubiquitous and insidious force in everyday American life
 Fuel oriented motor vehicles are considered by many to be one of the contributing factors to
environmental pollution, the most ubiquitous and insidious problem that our planet faces
today.

Omnipresent
 Our omnipresent mayor never/politicians misses/miss a chance to get in front of a camera
 Meat/Cheese is an omnipresent ingredient of fast food items such as burgers, pizzas etc. ,
thereby frequent consumption of such items leads to obesity
 In the absence of adequate waste disposal mechanism at such remote sites, some
Environmentally unconscious tourists have a tendency to throw garbage on the streets.

Pervasive
 The media’s pervasive coverage of the epidemic has most of the country living in fear.
 In many jurisdictions, police corruption is a pervasive issue that touches all communities
 In many cities, traffic congestion is a pervasive issue that disrupts life in those cities
 Voters are concerned about the pervasive rate of unemployment that is harming both the rich
and the poor.
 Despite all the media campaigns focusing on bullying, the practice is still pervasive in
schools
 In fast food restaurants, the pervasive trend appears to be the offering of value items
 In many jurisdictions, holiday planning appears to be a pervasive trend.


Sporadic or Intermittent / Sparse: Sporadic or Intermittent means irregular/ Can be used for
trends such as use of bicycles or book reading which are not regular. However, for trends which may
be still regular but declined as compared to the past the appropriate word is sparse

 In many jurisdictions, the use of bicycles appears to be a sporadic trend
 The use of bicycles has become increasingly sporadic / sparse over the years

Spiral

 As tuition costs spiral out of control, alternatives to the traditional degree emerge.
 The unemployment rate has been spiraling upward
 The stock market is spiraling downward
 Let's deal with this crisis before it spirals out of control
 The crisis should be dealt with before it spirals out of control
 Staunch or Staunchly

Staunch advocate or staunchly support or staunchly contend or vehemently support or oppose

Umbrage (Annoyance, Resentment)

 Don't take umbrage to my biblical views
 Please help students rather than giving them umbrage for not knowing the answer
 If my freedom of speech was taken away, I'd take umbrage to that

Relentless (unceasingly intense) or Inexorable or unavoidable or inevitable(impossible to stop

or prevent)

 Their relentless use of water caused a flood in their lawn

 Pollution is mainly attributed to fossil fuel power stations or industrial plants. These relentless
or inexorable burning of coal, oil and gasoline by these stations result in green house impact,
thereby damaging the environment.
 The relentless heat of the desert
 The relentless cold of the mountains
 The seemingly inexorable march of new technology
 Following her husband's sudden death, Elaine went into an inexorable depressive state
 Because James hit a police officer while driving drunk, he knows it is an inexorable fact he will
serve jail time.
 The inexorable escalation in rape cases
 The inexorable escalation in tuition fees is evidences by the fact that a .

Conscientiously or thoroughly (in a thorough and responsible way or in a way that is motivated
by one's moral sense of right and wrong.)

 He could not conscientiously take the oath

 I will apply myself Conscientiously to the course
 he applied himself conscientiously to his profession
 Yet he attended to his duties conscientiously, and ultimately broke his health in their discharge.
 It obtained great popularity, and was conscientiously exploited by various writers until the 11th
century, being translated even into the Slavonic languages.

Indictment

There are some people who truly believe that the recent natural disasters are an indictment against
Man’s lack of respect for the planet.
Some parents staunchly advocate that the poor academic performance of their children is an
indictment against their lack of focus on the curriculum.

Additional Words for Vocabulary

  Plummet
 Prototype, model (Levitt fit Sons Company. Levittown quickly became the prototype of mass-
produced housing)
 ecological , natural, environmental
 virtually, almost, nearly
 stifling, close
 monotony, wearisomeness

Important Tips – Listening :

For Charts
When says furthest to North, South, East, West, Top, Bottom, Right or Left move to the furthest
position. When the word furthest or most is not used just take one move i.e. move one place just.

For Address:
If address is mentioned such as Kings or Queens Street then it should be written with apostrophe
such as: Queen’s Street or King’s Street

Other notes: If the question allows three words limit then always put all the words as you listen. For
Instance
‘A Real Hit’ should be written as “A Real Hit” not just real hit
‘Downright Boring’ should be written as ‘Downright Boring’ just not as Boring.