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College of Pharmacy
November 2019
South SEED-LPDH College ii
College of Pharmacy
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis, with the title “Antifungal Activity of Rubia cordifolia Linn. (Mankit) Family
Rubiaceae Methanolic Root and Stem Extract Against Candida glabrata”, Prepared and submitted by
Maria Catrina A. Dauz and Eleonor G. Frondozo in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Thesis
Writing 2 leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy, has been thoroughly examined and is
Panel Chairperson
Dean
South SEED-LPDH College iii
College of Pharmacy
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY
We hereby certify that the contents of this research are our own work and that, to the best of our
knowledge and belief, contains no material previously written or published by another person or
organization nor any material which has been accepted for award of any other educational degree or
diploma from any university of institution of higher learning. except where due acknowledgment has
Further, we declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of our work with the
assistance of other people on the manner of its written format, organization of materials, presentation,
Eleonor G. Frondozo
Attested by:
Date:
South SEED-LPDH College
College of Pharmacy
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to acknowledge the people who helped us with this research. People who stayed
late with us at school, Ms. KC Reneva and Ms. Cha Ambay. People who helped us throughout the
whole experiment, Sir. Felix Barqueros and some medtech students. People who helped us from the
very beginning until the end, our friends; Julie Ann Bagadiong, Mary Jan Come, Anne Ereje, Angelie
De Castro, Aidan Mararac and Ciara Familara. People who supports us financially and mentally, our
family and loved ones; Nick Isip and Gio Olaes. And the people who guided us and reminded us in
every deadline, Ms. Aleli Baes and Sir. Jimmu Mediavillo. Lastly, to God who made us through this all.
M.C.A.D.
E.G.F.
South SEED-LPDH College v
College of Pharmacy
ABSTRACT
This study exhibited the antifungal effect of the roots and stem extract of the plant Rubia
The study conducted made use of an experimental research using positive control group,
negative control group and an experimental group comprised of different concentrations (200µl/mL,
400µl/mL, 600µl/mL, and 800µl/mL). The stem and roots part of the plant weighed 50g and 250mL of
80% methanol was used to extract the polar compounds. There was no significant difference between
the experimental group of different concentrations that of the positive control, Fluconazole
(Mycozole®)
The plant extracts were as effective as the Fluconazole (Mycozole®) as anti-fungal against
Candida glabrata. It was concluded that the most effective concentration which produced the highest
P-value among all the 4 concentrations (200µl/mL, 400µl/mL, 600µl/mL, and 800µl/mL) was
concentration 2 which is 200µl/mL. Though all the concentrations shows no significant difference
It was recommended that studies similar to the study of researchers be conducted using more
concentrations. Furthermore, utilization of the other parts of the plant was recommended.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………………………… iv
ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………………... v
CHAPTER
Introduction …………………………………………………………… 1
Hypothesis ……………………………………………...……………… 5
2 METHODOLOGY …………………………………………………..…….. 20
Summary ……………………………………………………………. 28
Conclusions ………………………………………………………… 28
Recommendations ………………………………………………….. 30
REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………………. 31
APPENDICES ……………………………………………………………….……………. 36
FIGURES ……………………………………………………………………………..…... 44
LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
Figure 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………… 23
Figure 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………… 42
South SEED-LPDH College ix
College of Pharmacy
LIST OF TABLES
PAGE
Table 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………… 24
Table 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………… 24
Table 3 ……………………………………………………………………………………… 25
Anova .……………………………………………………………………………………… 26