ASSET LTE Configuration

V9.0

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E-UTRA Bands and E-ARFCN

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E-UTRA Bands and Channel Bandwidths
• E-UTRA bands are
regulated to allow
operations in only
certain set of Channel
Bandwidths which
are defined as:
• The RF bandwidth
supporting a single
EUTRA RF carrier with
the transmission
bandwidth configured
in the UL or DL

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Channel and Transmission Bandwidths
• Transmission
Bandwidth is defined
as the bandwidth of an
instantaneous
transmission from a
UE or BS, measured
in Resource Blocks
(RBs = 180KHz)
• Any transmission
bandwidth ranging
from 1-20 MHz is
allowed in steps of
180 kHz (Resource
block Configuration)

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 Frame Structures

• LTE supports three frame structures:

• Type 1-FDD
• Type 2-TDD
• MBMS\MBSFN
• Type1-FDD (for both Half and full duplex)
• Frame Duration =20 slots, 10 msec
• Subframes= 2 consecutive slots, 1msec

• One Sub-frame = 1 mS

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 FDD Frame Structures DL
Type1-FDD- Downlink
DL Reference Signal (DLRS)
• DLRS symbols exist within the 1st and the 3rd last
OFDM symbols of each slot and with a frequency-
domain spacing of six subcarriers
• There is a frequency-domain staggering of three
subcarriers between the 1st and 2nd RS symbols
DL Control Channels (PDCCH, PCFICH, PHICH)
• PHICH carries the Hybrid ARQ ACK/NAKs whereas
PCFICH carries the information about the number
of OFDM symbols allocated for PDCCH in each
subframe
• PDCCH is transmitted in the first n OFDM symbols
of each subframe, where n≤ 3
• REs reserved for DLRS cannot be used by PDCCH

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Configuration of Carrier - 1 Antenna

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Configuration of Carrier - 2 Antennas

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Configuration of Carrier - 3 Antennas

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Configuration of Carrier - 4 Antennas

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 FDD Frame Structures DL
Type1-FDD-Downlink
DL Broadcast & Synchronisation Channels
• PBCH is transmitted on 4 OFDM symbols in the 1st
downlink subframe spanning over the central 6 RBs
• REs reserved for DLRS cannot be used by PBCH
• P-SCH and S-SCH are transmitted using a single
OFDM symbol each, in the 1st and 6th downlink
subframe spanning over the central 6 RBs
• P-SCH and S-SCH REs do not overlap with the REs
reserved for DLRS
• Transmission over central 6 RBs ensures
detectability without the UE\Terminal having the prior
knowledge of the whole system bandwidth

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 FDD Frame Structures UL
Type1-FDD- Uplink
UL Control Channel
• PUCCH transmission in one subframe is compromised of
single PRB at or near one edge of the system bandwidth
followed by a second PRB at or near the opposite edge of
the bandwidth
• PUCCH regions depends on the system bandwidth. Typical
values are 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 for 1.4, 3, 5, 10 and 20 MHz

UL Signals(S-RS & DM RS)

• S-RS estimates the channel quality required for the UL
frequency-selective scheduling and transmitted on 1 symbol
in each subframe
• DM-RS is associated with the transmission of UL data on
the PUSCH and\or control signalling on the PUCCH
• Mainly used for channel estimation for coherent
demodulation
• Transmitted on 2 symbols in each subframe
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 About LTE Frame Structures

• In addition to the default frame structures, you can define any

number of different LTE frame structures.

• For TDD frame structures only, select the Frame Configuration

between 0-6. This relates to signalling and control information,
representing the number and position of sub frames available for
Downlink, Uplink and Special (D, U and S).

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 Carriers
• From the Menu Configuration -> Carriers -> LTE

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 Using AAS Support for LTE
• The following AAS (Advanced Antenna System) modes are supported in
ASSET:
• SU-MIMO support: Diversity, Multiplexing, or Adaptive Switching
• MU-MIMO support

• The SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO modes need to be enabled on the cell,

bearer and terminal type.

• Enabling AAS Support for LTE Cells

• Adding LTE Bearers
• Adding a Terminal Type for LTE

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 MIMO - Transmit Diversity
Instead of increasing data rate or capacity, MIMO can be used to exploit
diversity and increase the robustness of data transmission

Each transmit antenna transmits essentially the same stream of data, so

the receiver gets replicas of the same signal

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 MIMO - Spatial Multiplexing
Spatial multiplexing allows an increase in the peak rates by a factor of 2 or
4, depending on the eNodeB and the UE antenna configuration.

Spatial multiplexing allows to transmit different streams of data, different

reference symbols simultaneously on the same resource blocks.

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 LTE Downlink Transmission Modes
• LTE Rel 8 supports DLtransmission on 1, 2, or 4
antenna ports:
• 1, 2, or 4 cell-specific reference signals
• Each reference signal corresponds to one antenna port
• DL transmission modes are defined for PDSCH
(Data\Traffic)
• Single antenna (No MIMO)
• Transmit diversity SU-MIMO
• Open loop Spatial multiplexing
• Closed loop spatial multiplexing
• Multi user MIMO
• Closed-loop precoding for Rank=1 (No spatial Mux, But
precode)
• Conventional beamforming
• UL MIMO Modes
• Transmit diversity
• Receive Diversity
• MU-MIMO
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 SU-MIMO
• This includes conventional techniques such
as
• Cyclic Delay Diversity
• Transmit\Receive diversity (Space frequency
block codes)
• Spatial Multiplexing\ Precoded Spatial
Multiplexing
• Can be implemented as Open and Closed
loop
• Diversity techniques improve the signal to
interference ratio by transmitting same
stream of single user data
• Spatial multiplexing increases the per user
data rate\throughput by transmitting multiple
streams of data dedicated for a single user

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 MU-MIMO
• Multiple users (separated in the spatial
domain in both UL and DL) sharing the
same time-frequency resources
• Uses multiple narrow beams to separate
users in the spatial domain and can be
considered as a hybrid of beamforming
and spatial multiplexing
• Serves more terminals by scheduling
multiple terminals using the same
resources
• this increases the cell capacity and number
of served terminals
• Suitable for highly loaded cells and for
scenarios where number of served
terminals is more important than peak user
data rates
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How AAS Support Affects Simulations

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Order of AAS Modes in the Simulator

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Lookup Table for AAS

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 Massive MIMO
• ASSET V9.0 (onwards): support for massive MIMO gains (pre-defined
gains)
• Use substitution method in UI (e.g. use 12 x 8 to represent gain from 64 x 8)

Downlink Spatial Diversity

Downlink Spatial Multiplexing

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 Massive MIMO (II)
• ASSET V10.0: enhanced support for massive MIMO gains (pre-defined
gains)
• Up to 1024 x 1024
• Flexible UI allows non-contiguous sequencing, e.g. 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 128, 1024

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 Enabling AAS Support for LTE Cells

• On the AAS Settings tab for an LTE cell in the Site Database (or in the
Templates dialog box), you can configure the cell for AAS (Advanced
Antenna System) support:
• SU-MIMO Support
This is an example of the SU-MIMO settings:

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 Enabling AAS Support for LTE Cells
• MU-MIMO Support

• For the downlink and/or uplink, you can set the Average Co-scheduled
Terminals, a factor that can increase the number of served terminals.

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 Setting parameters for LTE Cell
• SU-MIMO Support
• Diversity utilizes the multiple antenna elements to assist the radio signal
to be delivered for a lower SINR requirement.
• Multiplexing, on the other hand, increases the cell's throughput, but
causes an increase in the SINR requirement in most scenarios.
• Adaptive switching can involve a combination of Diversity and
Multiplexing.

• For the downlink

and/or uplink, you can set:
• Diversity
• Multiplexing
• Adaptive Switching
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Configuring LTE Carrier Aggregation

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 ASSET 9.0 – LTE Carrier Aggregation
• ASSET 9.0 can model the network performance of LTE Cells that
support carrier aggregation.
• LTE carrier aggregation is the aggregation of two or more carriers that
can achieve significant data rate gains compared to single carrier
operation. It can be used for both FDD and TDD. In ASSET, this is
modelled by forming single-carrier cells into groups of carrier-
aggregated (CA) cells, grouped by a common CA Cell Identity.
• Depending on your network, there are various ways of configuring the
eNodeB for carrier aggregation i.e. a common CA Cell Identity across
the whole eNodeB or a common CA Cell Identity within each cell.
• The Site Database now contains a new Carrier Aggregation tab, where
you can view and edit the configurations at the eNodeB level, which
contains a summary of its cells.
• You can use the LTE CA Cell Identity Planner to gather single-carrier
cells belonging to the same eNodeB into 'carrier-aggregated' groups of
cells.
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Requirements for Setting Up LTE Carrier Aggregation
• In the Site Database, you must ensure that each cell has the
appropriate availability of carriers for assignment. The carriers available
to the cells are determined at the eNodeB level.

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Requirements for Setting Up LTE Carrier Aggregation
• In the Services dialog box, ensure that all the appropriate carriers are
supported on the service(s) that you intend to include in the simulation.

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Requirements for Setting Up LTE Carrier Aggregation
• In the Terminal Types dialog box, on the LTE Carriers tab:
• Check that all the appropriate carriers are supported on the terminal types
that you intend to include in the simulation.
• Check that the Max. Downlink Carriers and Max. Uplink Carriers are set
correctly (these are the maximum numbers of carriers that the terminal can
connect with simultaneously).

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 Configuring LTE Carrier Aggregation
• You can configure the carrier aggregation either:
• On the eNodeB (Carrier Aggregation tab)

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 Configuring LTE Carrier Aggregation
• On an individual cell (General subtab of the LTE Params tab).

• You can use the Global Editor to make CA-related changes for multiple
cells. They can also be pre-set in the Templates dialog box.
• You can use the LTE CA Cell Identity Planner to gather single-carrier
cells into 'carrier-aggregated' groups of cells.

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LTE Traffic

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 Terminal Types
ASSET models traffic demand by generating traffic density maps for the
different types of terminal. These density maps define the amount of
traffic offered to the network by each type of terminal on a pixel-by pixel
basis, corresponding to the available clutter map data resolutions.

A Terminal Type in ASSET defines these key characteristics:

• How much ‘traffic’ will the terminal type generate in total?
• How will the ‘traffic’ be spread geographically?
• What is the expected mobile speed distribution for this terminal
• type?
• Which service will the terminal type provide?
• What are the mobile equipment characteristics?

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LTE User Equipment Categories

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 Traffic Rasters
Traffic Rasters are arrays that store the distribution of traffic over an area.
They can be created either from the information in the Terminal Types, or
from imported Live Traffic values. The name of the created traffic raster will
be the same as the name of the terminal type.

The Traffic Raster enables you to:

• Obtain initial estimates of the equipment and configuration needed for a
nominal network. By visualising the array, you can gain a good idea of
where to locate your sites.
• Can assess how your network performs in terms of capacity for a
mature network. Can verify site configuration is sufficient to match the
traffic spread over the network.

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 Creating Traffic Rasters
• Theorical – Arrays -> Traffic -> Traffic Wizard

Options:
• Polygons
• Atributes
• Restriction to Coverage

• Live Traffic – KPI Import – text files

• Live Traffic – Geolocated Traffic – Use the tri/trr file format

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LTE Simulations

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 Monte Carlo-Based Simulation
When simulating network performance, ASSET uses Monte Carlo
algorithms, which can provide a good balance between accuracy and
usability.
The Simulator can be used as Full simulation, with randomised snapshots,
or Simulation without snapshots.
With full simulation, the performance of the network can be analysed over
a series of randomised snapshots, in which specified densities of user
terminals are positioned in statistically determined locations. The ability of
each terminal to make its connection to the network is calculated through
an iterative process. The performanceof the network is then analysed from
the averaged results.

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 Simulation with Snapshots
• Takes a large number of randomised snapshots of network performance
for different terminals over time
• In these snapshots, the UEs are in statistically determined positions and
generated independently for each snapshot

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 Simulation with Snapshots
• Terminal count in a pixel is determined using a Poisson distribution with a
mean given by the number of terminals in the traffic array
• At the start of the snapshot, the mobile and cell powers are initialised to
zero to initialize the noise on the uplink and downlink
• Other parameters, such as power control error, are set randomly on UE
• The first terminal in the list is tested for failure conditions. If it does not fail,
then its Tx power and the Tx power of the cells to which it is connected, are
modified. The next terminal in the list is then tested for failure conditions, and
so on.
• When the entire list has been tested, the simulator returns to the first
terminal and repeats the process until convergence is reached
• When convergence is reached, the results of the snapshot are appended to
the results of the overall simulation. The simulation moves on to the next
snapshot
• When the simulation has completed all the specified snapshots, you can
view your results using the arrays or view a summary of the data or reports

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LTE / UMTS Simulator Wizard

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 Simulation without Snapshots
• If you run a simulation without running snapshots (static analysis),
you must ensure that the cell loading parameters for the cells/sectors have
been specified in the Site Database.
• The parameters are set on the Cell Load Levels subtab, under LTE
Params tab

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 Simulator Outputs
• Arrays
• Best RSRP
• RSRQ
• Terminal Arrays
• Terminal Info: Failure Rate
• Terminal Info: Failure Reason
• Terminal Info: Speed
• Pixel Analyser

• Reports
• Simulation Report

• Static Simulation Arrays Document

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Thank You

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Privileged and confidential. The information contained in this material is privileged and confidential, and is intended only for the use of the individual to whom it is addressed and others who have been specifically authorized to receive it.
If you are not the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copying of this material is strictly prohibited. If you have received this material in error, please destroy it immediately.