BHAVAN’S VIDYA MANDIR, PATHANAMTHITTA

PHYSICS PROJECT
2019-2020

Name :
Class :
Reg. No :
 (School Name)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled................................................................

……………………………………………………….....is a bonafide record of work done by

Master / Kumari…………………………………………..Under my supervision and during

………………..To...…………in partial fulfillment of the requirments for the Plus Two

by the CBSE Board, the course for the same having been conducted under
the auspicious of (School name).

…………………………. .………………………….. …………………

Examiner’s Signature Guide for project work Principal

Place :

Date :
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DECLARATION

I ............................................ hereby declare that the project work entitled

PHOTOCONDUCTIVE CELL : LDR submitted in partial fulfillment of the study of class XII

under CBSE scheme in Physics is a record of bonafide research carried out under

the guidance of my teacher .......................... and no part of it has been submitted

for any other study.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my sincere gratitude towards ............................... for giving

me the opportunity to present this project.

I also express my gratitude towards our Physics teacher .............................. for

his valuable guidance and support.

I also thank all my friends and my parents for their full support in bringing
out this project.

Name:
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PHOTOCONDUCTIVE
CELL
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CONTENTS
LIST OF CONTENTS PAGE NO.
1. Introduction 7
2. Aim and Materials 8
Required
3. Theory 8
4. Procedure 9
5. Observation 10
6. Result 11
7. Precaution 12
8. Reference 13
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INTRODUCTION

Photoconductive cells or light dependent resistances (LDR) are devices

used for detecting and measuring electromagnetic radiations. It is based
upon the principle of conductivity i.e., its conductivity changes according to
the intensity of the incident radiation.
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Aim
To study the response of a photoconductive cell (LDR) to the intensity of
incident light.

Materials Required
Photoconductive cell (LDR), electric bulbs of various intensities, key,
battery, micro ammeter (0-500µA), resistance box etc.

Theory
Specific resistance of grey selenium falls from 70KΩcm in darkness to
7KΩcm when illuminated. Resistance of cadmium sulphide cell drops from
10MΩ in darkness to 1KΩ in daylight. Such materials by which the LDRs
are made up of are connected in series with micro ammeter and electrical
source in a circuit. Current through the LDR is studied as a function of
intensity of incident radiations.
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PROCEDURE

Enclose the LDR in a cylindrical / conical tube (usually made to suit its size
by rolling paper) so that light from sideways (stray light) will not fall on it.

Connections are made as shown in the diagram. Draw a line centrally at

right angles to the surface of LDR and place the source of light of highest
wattage in front of the LDR at a suitable distance so that the
microammmeter gives an almost full scale deflection.

To study the response to intensity of light: The light source is placed

one by one at a fixed distance from the LDR. The ammeter readings are
taken in each case. This experiment is repeated by adjusting the intensity
of the bulb. Graphs are plotted between intensity of light and current.
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OBSERVATION

Intensity of Bulbs Value of R Ammeter readings

(W) (Ω) (µA)

5W 5000Ω 200µA

7W 5000Ω 210µA

9W 5000Ω 220µA

• Distance of source from LDR = 25cm.

• Graph
300

290

280

270

260
Current(µA)

250

240

230

220

210

200
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Intensity(W)
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RESULT

1. The variation of current with intensities is studied by drawing current

– intensity graph.
2. Greater the intensity, more current flows through the ammeter.
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PRECAUTION

1. No stray light should fall on the LDR. It is better to conduct the

experiment in dark of dim light.
2. The LDR should be handled with care so that its terminals are not
broken.
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REFERENCE

• E.V Thomas, A Manual of practical physics.

• www.seminarsonly.com
• www.google.com
• Albert Paul Mavino, Electronics Principles, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
• Paul A Tipler, Physics, Worth Publishers, New York.