Shear strength - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Shear_strength

Shear strength
In engineering, shear strength is the strength of a material or component against the type of yield or structural failure when the material or component fails
in shear. A shear load is a force that tends to produce a sliding failure on a material along a plane that is parallel to the direction of the force. When a paper
is cut with scissors, the paper fails in shear.

In structural and mechanical engineering, the shear strength of a component is important for designing the dimensions and materials to be used for the
manufacture or construction of the component (e.g. beams, plates, or bolts). In a reinforced concrete beam, the main purpose of reinforcing bar (rebar)
stirrups is to increase the shear strength.

For shear stress applies

where

is major principal stress and

is minor principal stress.

In general: ductile materials (e.g. aluminium) fail in shear, whereas brittle materials (e.g. cast iron) fail in tension. See tensile strength.

To calculate:

Given total force at failure (F) and the force-resisting area (e.g. the cross-section of a bolt loaded in shear), ultimate shear strength ( ) is:

Comparison [ edit ]

As a very rough guide relating tensile, yield, and shear strengths: [1]

Material Ultimate Strength Relationship Yield Strength Relationship

Steels USS = approx. 0.75*UTS SYS = approx. 0.58*TYS

Ductile Iron USS = approx. 0.9*UTS SYS = approx. 0.75*TYS .

Malleable Iron USS = approx. 1.0*UTS

Wrought Iron USS = approx. 0.83*UTS

Cast Iron USS = approx. 1.3*UTS

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Shear strength - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_strength

Aluminums USS = approx. 0.65*UTS SYS = approx. 0.55*TYS

USS: Ultimate Shear Strength, UTS: Ultimate Tensile Strength, SYS: Shear Yield Stress, TYS: Tensile Yield Stress

Material Ultimate stress (Ksi) Ultimate stress (MPa)

Fiberglass/epoxy (23 o C)[2] 7.82 53.9

When values measured from physical samples are desired, a number of testing standards are available, covering different material categories and testing
conditions. In the US, ASTM standards for measuring shear strength include ASTM B831, D732, D4255, D5379, and D7078. Internationally, ISO testing
standards for shear strength include ISO 3597, 12579, and 14130. [3]

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