Miss Isha Chandra

(MT18EEE010)

Supervisied by
Dr.Mahiraj Singh Rawat
(Assistant Prof. of Electrical Department)
Mr. Himesh Kumar
( T.Teacher of Electrical Department)

Department of Electrical Engineering

National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand
India

Thursday, December 12, 2019 1

Microgrid: a basic introduction

Fig 1: Microgrid Architecture

Fig 1: Microgrid Architecture

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 Microgrid[1] is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy
resources with clearly defined electrical boundaries that act as a single
controllable entity with respect to the grid.
 Classification of Microgrid[8] on the basis of mode of operation
i. Grid Connected Mode - In grid connected mode ,microgrid supplies or
draws power to the utility grid depending on the generation and load
demand.
ii. Islanded Mode - In an islanded mode, DG (distributed generation)
continues to supply power even though electrical grid is no longer present.
 Type of Microgrid
i. AC grid - In Ac microgrid, Sources with AC output are interfaced to DC
bus through AC/DC converter.
ii. DC grid - In DC microgrid,sources with DC output are connected to DC
bus directly.

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 Islanding
 Islanding is the condition
in which a distributed
generator to power a
location even though
electric grid power is no
longer present.

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Types of Islanding

 Intentional Islanding-Intentional islanding is done for

maintainenence of utility grid.
 Unintentional Islanding- Unintentional islanding may
occur at any time due to regular faults or other
uncertainties in the power system.

Thursday, December 12, 2019 5

Why islanding detection?

 Safety of electric workers

 The capacity of photovoltaic island power supply system
is less than the load capacity, which photovoltaic island
power supply system may be easily burn by the overload
condition.
 Resulting in instability of the voltage and frequency.

Thursday, December 12, 2019 6

 Literature review
Ref.No. Author
2 Min-Sung Kim, Raza Haider (2018)
3 Wei Yee Teoh, Chee Wei Tan(2011)
5 Bhatraj Anudeep ( 2017)
7 Ioan Viorel Banu(2014)
9 Bikiran Guha(2015)
Thursday, December 12, 2019
Proposed
describes a comprehensive review of various IdMs in terms
of their merits, viability, effectiveness and feasibility
discusses the overview of popularly used anti-islanding
detection methods, practically applied in PV grid-connected
systems.
presents a passive islanding detection method by
monitoring the conventional parameters i.e. voltage and
frequency with the percentage change of the zero-sequence
current with respect to positive sequence current)and the
percentage change of the negative-sequence current with
respect to positive sequencecurrent
The main purpose of the study is to determine the
performance of several AI prevention schemes in detecting
the presence of an island, by monitoring the detection time of
the islanding condition through different methods.
Proposed detection technique is based on monitoring the
oscillations in the Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF)
measured at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) in the
system
7
Description of Model

Fig 3: Block diagram of Grid Connected PV array

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Islanding Detection Method

Fig 4: Flow chart of IDM

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 Passive Method

Fig 5: Flow chart of Passive Method

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Types of Passive Method

 Over/Under voltage Method- This method based on variation of

voltage at PCC during islanding mode. If voltage exceeds the threshold
value , then islanding detected.
0.88 <V(pu) <1.1
 Over/Under Frequency-If frequency exceeds the threshold value,
then islanding detected.
59.5 <f <60.5
 Rate of Change of Frequency- With the value of df/dt measured
over a few cycles,the islanding can be detected and inverters shutdown , if it
exceeds a setting threshold value

Thursday, December 12, 2019 11

Simulation and Results
 At normal condition

Fig 6: Voltage at PCC

Fig 7 : Current at PCC

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 Fig 8:Dc voltage of PV array

Fig 9: Frequency at PCC

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During Islanding Condition
Test study 1:Based on Variation of Load

Case 1. PDG PLOAD

 Fig 10:Voltage at PCC (Overvoltage)

 Fig 10:Voltage at PCC (Overvoltage)

Fig 10: Overvoltage(Vpcc) Fig 11. Overfrequency

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Case2: PDG  PLoad

Fig 12: Under voltage(Vpcc) Fig 13: Underfrequency

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Case 3: PDG  PLoad

Fig 15: Frequency at Pcc

Fig 14:Voltage at Pcc

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System under study

Fig 16: Block diagram of model

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 Fig 18: Voltage at Pcc during OUV method
Fig 17: Voltage at pcc using Rocof method

Fig 19:Voltage at PCC sing OUF method

Thursday, December 12, 2019 18

Comparison on speed of breaker and IDM

Fig 1: tripping of signal by ouv Fig 1: tripping of signal by ouf

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 Fig 18: tripping of signal by Rocof

Fig 18: Tripping of Rate of Change of Frequency

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Comparison between Passive method

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Conclusion

 Over/undervoltage an over/underfrequency do not

detect islanding for small power mismatch.
 On the basis of settling graph Ouv detect islanding
faster than Rocof and Ouf

Thursday, December 12, 2019 22

Reference
[1] C.Lin, ChiCao,YijiaCaon,Y. Kuang,L.Z.Baling, Fang “A review of islanding detection methods for
microgrid”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews ,2014,pp-211–220
[2] M.S. Kim , R.Haider , G.J. Cho, C.H. Kim, C.Y. Won and J.Seo Chai , “Comprehensive Review
of Islanding Detection Methods for Distributed Generation Systems ”,energies 2019,
[3] Wei Yee Teoh, Chee Wei Tan, “An Overview of Islanding Detection Methods in Photovoltaic
Systems”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of
Electrical and Computer Engineering Vol:5, No:10, 2011
[4] B.Ponmudi and G.Balasubramanian, “Performance Comparision of different Passive Methods for the
detection of Islanding condition in grids consorted PV system”, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied
Sciences,VOL.13, NO. 1, JANUARY 2018
[5] Bhatraj Anudeep,Paresh Kumar Nayak, “A Passive Islanding Detection Technique for Distributed
Generations ” , 7th International Conference on Power Systems (ICPS ) , 2017
[6] IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources With Electric Power Systems, IEEE Standard
P1547, Jun. 2003.
[7] I. V. Banu,M. Istrate, D.Machidon, R.Pantelimon, “A Study on Anti-Islanding Detection Algorithms for Grid-
Tied Photovoltaic Systems” ,Int.confrence on Electrical and Electronic Equipment(OPTIM) ,2014
[8] B.Guha, R. J. Haddad, Y.Kalaani, “A Passive Islanding Detection Approach for Inverter-based Distributed
Generation using Rate of Change of Frequency Analysis” Proceedings of the IEEE SoutheastCon 2015, April 9 - 12,
2015

Thursday, December 12, 2019 23

 [10] S. B. Jinjala,B. N.Vaidya, “Analysis of Active and Passive Method for Islanding
Detection of 3-phase Grid Connected PV System” , Proceedings of the 2nd International
Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI )-2018
[11] I. Balaguer, Q. Lei, S. Yang, U. Supatti, and F. Peng, "Control for Grid-Connected and
Intentional Islanding Operations of Distributed Power Generation," IEEE Transactions on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, pp. 147-157, 2011.
[12] P. Giroux, G. Sybille, Hydro-Quebec Research Institute (IREQ), and C.Osorio, S.
Chandrachood, The Mathworks, “100-kW Grid-ConnectedPV Array demo detailed model,”
MathWorks File Exchange, 2012
[13] F. De Mango, M. Liserre, A. Dell’Aquila and A. Pigazo “Overview of anti-islanding
algorithms for PV systems. Part I: passive methods,” 12thInternational Power Electronics and
Motion Control Conference (EPEPEMC),pp. 1878-1883, 2006.
[14] F. Katiraei, and M. Iravani, and P. Lehn, "Micro-grid autonomous operation during and
subsequent to islanding process," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 20, pp. 248-257,
2005.
[15] T. Tantimaporn, S. Jiyajan, and S. Payakkarueng, "Microgrid islanding operation experience,"
22nd International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution, Stockholm, Sweden,
June 10-13, 2013.

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