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Calculation of optimum directional overcurrent relays settings: the parallel

lines case

Article  in  IEEE Power Engineering Review · June 2000

DOI: 10.1109/39.841356 · Source: IEEE Xplore

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speclruiii iii this way. For cocli, n reliability index i s defined togethcr
will1 aiinther inclex thiil includes the wholc duration, which incaiis th;it
the iiiformatioii is now proporcc1 iii matrix form.
i,mely, h e following nc\v relinlility indiccs h w c heen presented
1s I:
* systciii average R M S ( v m n r i o n ) frcquciicy iiidexvoltilgc
(SARF la),
system iiist:iiit;iiicws averngc RMS (variiiliorl) bequency
i ridexvol~asc (SIAR 17Ix),
@ systerri iiiuincntsiry average RMS (viirialiori) frequency
i ndcx it ;,Kc(SM AR FIX),
a systcin teqmrni’y nvcr.;igc I1MS (variation) frcqucncy
iildexv,,llugc (STARPI,).
Concliisions: It is iccessary to consiilcr thc power quality issuc
during (orbcrtcr, i i ) ndvaiweof)1thc protcciioii sysieiii design, Thccoin-
plete iniliviilu;ilizririunora voltage sag is given by i t s liiiigliit~id~, pkasc
anglc jump, :ind duration. Sag CHIISCS ai-c rial oiily tlic systcm l‘uullh. 111
thc rc1i;ihility nscessineiit study, scvcrnl uucertnirities mist tliiit cim he
cotisirlcrcrl by applicolion of experiincntal p;irairieters.Thc hiaturic IC-
liability is ; i l ‘ l c ~ c dhy lempolal ;ind wcallier depending t’xtws. There
is ii gcncral iaideiicy Iretwccii vriltigi: sag nuinber and clcpth. Proirc-
tion shoiild hetlesigrietl kccping iii iniiid rile reliability indiccs iliai coli-
sirlcr va1t;igc sags in depth iis well a s in duriition,
Rcfcrcims:
1 1 1 IEEE Shiiirl;iid 1346, ‘WEE Rccommciidcd Practice for Eviilii-
ating Elcctric Powcr Systein Coinpatibility with Mxlroiiic Proccss
Erpipinenl,” 1998.
12.1ANSIIIEEH Stmliird 403, “Kecointncntlctl Pleclicc I”the De-
qigii or keliable 1idustri;il imtl Comiiierciol Powcr Systelris,” 1990.
I3 ] PoWCT ’Vcc 11 no I ogics In c ., I )is Iri b U (io11h i 1t C I I I-rciiI A ii a1y si s,
I’W1 Report EL-3085, 1983.
[d,] M.H.J. Dollcn, “FL~riawess:nctitinclhurls for voltagc sags in dis-
Irihiition systcins,” IRf.:l:’ 7’rrirt.t Itid. Applicrrt., vol. IA-32, lip.
I 4 1 4- 1423. I 036.
151 U.L. Brooks, ct til.> “Indices Cor assessing utility rlislrihiitiori 5)’s-
~ I I llMS
I vnri;ition ~~crfimntince,” I M E Trt7us Porwr Ileiiwly, vol.
I’WKU-I 3, pp. 254-259, 1098.
Cupyright Slalcmcnt: 1SSN 0282-3724/00/$10.00 0 2000 IlXIC,
Milnilscrip1 receiv,ed h Octobcr 1909; i-cvised. This paper is pthlisliecl
ticrcin iii its eiuirely.
2000 Electrical Energy Storage Systems
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the energy storage, power electronics, control and data
acquisition subsystems. Applicalion areas include gen-
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components identification ot the potential uses and
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Calculation of Optimum Directional
Ovcrcurrent Relays Settings:
The Parallel J.ioes Case
Luis G. l’krez, Albcrto J. Urdaneta
Author Affilistiuii: Univcrsidiid Sirnrin Holfvar, Carxiis, Vcnc-
%Lidn.
hhstmct: A siinplc ;iiirl priiclicd cderion is proposctl tr) considel.
h e tmsicnt c1i;ingcc duc io nonsiiiiulta ticuiis o11criitir)ntrl’tlii’eciionnl
ovcrcurrcnl i-elays in parallcl lincs. Thc criterion coiicirt<of using two
diffcrcnl iinie coorrlinatioti intcrvds: niic Vor rclay conrdiaatioii piiir~
ilxil (In not hrlong to Ixtr:illcl lincs rimi luinther I“Iinirs belunging to
parallel lincs. Thc inclhod c u i tie uiiplcmcntcil i i i Iirugrilms iliiil uce tlic
flplimimtion tcchiiiqw I“ 1111: cnlculatiori of relay settings. Niiiiierical
rcsiilts showing h e pcrl’oiwince of the incthocl iirc iilco presented.
Kcywords: Po\.r.crsysleni protectirm, rclay cuorilinalion, optimizo-
linn lechiiiqiics.
I ~ ~ t r o ~ l ~ iTllcc t ~cmpulation
~i~: of dircctioliiil overcurwit relay
scltings in puwcr nctworks w i t h Inultiplc rings rind inrihiple sourccc l i x
been Iiistoriciilly irccngriizetl as ii rlifriciilt pwhlcin I I ] . A solution tu
this problcni using liiieai4progixiiuniag rcchtiiqucs has been proposcrl
121-151,This lediniqiic pcod~iccstlic “q>tiinal” time dial scttingsf’ur thc
dircclional overciirrciir rcloys ;iccoi-iliiiglo ilie tradition;il 5iiiiclncI\i or
thc rclay coordination constraiiils (sciisi(ivi(y, speed, security, and sc-
lectivity). Ti-irtlilionally,the selectivity constriiints iiIc based on thc prc-
viouq st;ilcmciil o r a SCI of relay courdiniition pails. Encli of tlicsc p i I s
1i;is two rcl:iyh involved: ihc iiiiiiii rcl;iy, which slinuld operatc iis fast :is
pussiblcf(ir Iliiilrs i i i 3 given zoiiccd‘tlie Iiowcr nctwork; aricl t1icb;ickup
rcliiy, which would operatc if thc tnriiii I-cliiy failed Thc basic sclccliv-
ily conslrnints, stated iri tcriiis d Ilie relays’ opeintion timc.: o r a given
cuoi-rliiuilioripir ( H I b), , h w c the general rorm [41:
4 - r,,,CI, (1)
w h a t f,,, and I,, arc thc olicriilioii limes or ihe iriniri arid biickup relays,
respectivcly, for till Iclcwinl I h i i l l s on tlic powcr nctwork zoiie assignctl
to tlie’inriin icluy rrt (denotecl Z,,,.), and CI is tlic cuonlinntion intcrviil,
After iiprqicr beatiiienl, (lie set ofsclcctivity constniin(s togcthcr with
thc orhcr cowdiii:i(ioii constl.aiiits form :Isct ( i f incquuliries that iiiiikc
the prohlcm suitable to bc sulvcd using optimization tcchnirliics, being
tha sum nltlie tiinc dial scltingi llic ohjeclive function to minimize 141.
So h r , the problem liiis hccn staled and solvccl using the saiiie coortlina-
tioii intcrval liir iill seleclivity cotistriiints iind h:is produced good E-
sulis for triinnmissioii mid s~ibtransmissionnctwtwks o ~nny ’ practical
s i x . A complete program liiis bcm develflped to this erld 141, 151.
'The l’roblcm ut’ P;irallcl Ihcs-A I’mctirttl niirl Siiiiplc Sdn-
tion: A well-knowii cIi;mc(erislic of Iprotcctioir schcincs haset1 on cli-
rectional o v x w n ” rclays (DOCR)is thc iiorisitnultaiieousoperation
“5with the siiiiic clciiiciii. 11‘ the powcr nctwork hiis
pnr;illal elemeiiis (lilies, rransformcrr), this lack (dsitiiiiltaIlco1Is upera-
tion c i i i i pi-nduce, iii some cascs, ii triiiicieiilsilualiori dint lends tu the vi-
o1;ition of [lie selectivity conrli tioil. I;or exairiple, relay I upcrnies firs1
I
’hblc I. Co~nparisonof resiilts
IC,
Timc Uial Srttltrn
= 0.8 s
I
IC:, = 0 . 4 s
Rchy IC, z-0.4 s IC2 = 0 . G s
1 2.6 3.8
2 tj.9 1.4
3 26 3.8
4 0,7 1 .‘i
5 4: 1 1
62’ 1 1
 tor ii hiultiitpuiiit b'l i n the system of Figiirc I , In the period of time hc- Thc rcsiilIs u(I ;ipplyinp tlic opliini miioil Iccliiiiqiic lo 111i iiiiui xe the
twccn rclay I opcratim nnrl relay 2 opcriitioii, the systein's configurit- timc tliril scltings or the pli;isc ~-clriysarc s h o w i i ill Riblc I . I n oiic C;ISE,
tioii is diffcrciit lliari the original m c . Rcliiys 2 rind 3 "see" currents thc siiiiic UI wiis uscrl(C~'I,= Ci, = 0.4 scc.): in tlic othcr cmc, Cl? wiis
Iargcr thiin the curl-enbcnlciilatcd for thc originill conCigurntinn. Thcre- incwiscd to0.2:: I1'tlics;imcCIisusetl (0.4 s), itcrinbc w r i l i u l thathe
furc, tliesc IWI) r,ehys will accclcr;itc iintl its I'iiial operation time w i l l bc. rcsiilting tiiiic tliril scltiiigs w i l l he liiwcr h i n ilic ciisc witli cqtial C A ,
tlifl'ercnt llinn the iirnc cxpcctcd. Uiilcss this el'recr is consirlcred in tlic h i t thc I-clays rlo ticit ;rtciiiiiplish h e cooidiiialioii coiisIi,i1iilt whcii tlic
rclny sclting calculatinn proccss, it could prutliicc II vidation of tlic sc- tr;iinsicnt upcr;ilion Iiiippciis. 111 XI, i t ciir hc c i i l c ~ i l r i ~ c111i11,
i l foi,;I fault
leclivily consirnilit. An claboriitc mcthod to coiisider I l l i s cffcct using :it VI, llic tiiiic rlifl'ci-cnccheiwcelircl;iys 3 :iiid 2 i s 0.7 s, which violatcs
the optiinization tcchniqiic wiis proposed 131,This techniqiic implies ii llic c o o i r l i i i n h cnusiraiiit (0.4 s). 0 1 1the other Iiand, foI thc ciisc (ir
significant iricrensc of the niimbcr of conslraints t m l a relatively c o n - rliffcrcnl C f s , tlic tiinc dil'l'ci-cricc hetruecl1 ihcsc i&ys i s 0.43 s; I1ciicc,
plicnted iterativc proccd~irct o stale rhc coilstmints as rctpircri in ilic i h e origiilnl c o l i s h i i l l h x lieeii ovtfi"mc.
v i d n t i i ~ i id'
1inc;ir pmglnminiiig techniqiie. Coiirliisinn: Thc propscrl mcthotl to consider tlic possible
Fur srikc nf simpticily of the cotriputcr progriiiii ; n t l to reduce ihe inisc oortliria t ion of d ircct ion;iI o vcrc U rrc in t I'C Iiiy s d [IC
nirmhcr ol'ctliisli'sin(s involved, ii siiiiplc ; i p p ~ ~ i i ctoh solve lhe prohlem iionsimiiltoricous opcriition on piiriillcl lincs 1x1s provcii trr bc iIppr(>pI'i-
i s proposed I~elt?.This soliitioti consists of wing rr Inrgcr w t w d i w t t h atc. TIic iiiniii ndviintngcs of tlic mcthotl ;wc Ihc rclutivc simplicity ol'
imwu/,fiw flrosc c o n r c i i w h i i p0ir.s rhnr helorig to p w d l u l d c i n c i i n . computcr imp1crnciit;ition rluc tu tiic t1iriiiinIic siinplificiiiioii of ttic
h'ole that the original optimiziitiun tccliiiiqiic i i l l n ~ sthc iisc of iiidc- prciblcm stiliil.ion pr(icedirrc iiiid i i sigi1ilic;iiil r e h c l i o i i 01' lhc ntlnihcr
pentlent ri iiic coorrli iiritiun iiitcrvals (U)for each cooirliniitioii piiir. of cocirdiniitioii cons[l.aiiils.
IIowcvcr, the cwirdiiirihm pair set i s atitorriatically dctcmiinctl hy thc Refcrciiccs:
program and the iiscr docs 1101 liiive to know the set. Looking ;it thc sct 1 I ll+ki 1"Vei- Syslein Kelyiiig Conunitlee, GII!?~~IIICI'/lidcd CO-
to iniiniiiilly fix ;I L'I [or each cmrdiiintiori pair cuiilil bc iinpriicticnt. />J'dflli/liOtl ($ L b l C i'!-Ol<'ClkJ#i LyChCiltL!s, h b . # LIOTt102K5-7 PwI<,
Wh;u the program does i s to assign oiic C! = CI, to tlic ctiordiiintinn 1EEE Rcport, 1989.
piiirs that rlti not hclong lo a pai'allel line, and ;i 1;irgcr U!, say 121 A.J. tJrtlarieta, R. Nadirs, iiiid L.G. P h w , "Optiniiil wirdiiiiitiiiii
CI, = C/, t 0.2 scc., rnr the cnotrliriatiirn pairs h i i t helung to l > i i i ~ i ~ l l t l 01: ditcctioiial overcurrcnt reliiys in intci-cconncctctl powcr syslciiis,"
lines iiiid cnii experiericc the untlcsircd cft'cct. IIXL I h ~ v/'~rwr, Ilelivcly, vol. 3, IIU. 3, pp. 903-9 I I , Ji~iy19x8.
Nwicricrtl ExntiipIc:Thc simplc systcm of F'ig1ii.e I w i l l he iisccl as 1.3:]A.J. Urdnnctii, I,,G. Pdrci., iiiitl II. I ~ C S ~ I - C ~ ~"Optiiiial
I, coorrliria-
xi example. Thc timc dial scttiiig o1'relays S aiid liair given. Thc pro- lion ni' rlircctioniil ovcrcurrcnl iclnys ctmsiilei-ing ilyiiiiiilic cllangcs iin
posed incthotl hiis bccn s~~cccssf~illy applied 10 Inrge systcms, but lhc Ihc nclwork topology," f M / <Y w m . Poww I M i i w y , vol. 12, 110.4, pp.
rcsiilts ;ire not prcscntcd Iiei-e due io space reasons. Thc cuurtliniilion 1458-1404, 0~1.1997.
cunslriiinty for (tic simple syslem follow. 141 L.G. 1 ' 6 1 ' ~iiiid A.J. Urdiiticta, "Optiml coortliniitiun u11 direc-
Cwrdiiiatioii paii.s that do iiot belong to tlic piiriillcl linc: 1inii;ll ovcrcwciit rcl iiys consitlcring dc I'iiiitc tinic b;ickup I-cIays,"
iLXETrrrrrs. P,iwo,I)crlir~~!r:1., vol. 14,110. 4, 1311. 127h-12x4, O a . 1999.
ll(z,3)-r<](/,3) 1.5I I*,G,I'6rcs, A, Ilrilaiic~a,i i n r l I<. Sotwi1liiio, "Coinparison o f
t,(L3)- (,(L3) >Cll tiinc cuurtliniitioii crilcriii f(w ii suhlriiiisiuissit~i~ syskln protcctioti
sclwiiie," I'resenlzd a( 2nd IEEh lntcriintional Coriic;is Confcrcncc o r 1
4 ( L 4 ) - f 5 ( L 4 ) >Cfl l ~ c v i c cCirciiiis
~, uiwl S y s t c ~ i i sMar.
~ 199s.
tl( Z A ) - Is( 1.4) 2 C.'I I (2) Cnpyright Shlcinciii: tSSN 0282- 1724/1)0/$I(1.00 8 2000 lTiF,T:.
Miiintiscripl received 4 behru:iry 2000: iuviscd. This paper i s publixhctl
herein i n i l s ciiiirety.
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