1

Chapter 1

The Problem

Introduction

In the past, Filipino farmers used traditional and natural ways of farming

(Leseca, 2012). They did not use any synthetic fertilizers. This practice was later known

as Organic Farming. But as technology evolved, many new inventions in farming have

been made which brought the synthetic fertilizers into the market and resulted into the

massive promotion of chemical agriculture. This era of farming is commonly known as

“Green Revolution” in the 1970s (Cunningham, 2015).

This kind of farming resulted in good harvest over the years. However, the

time came when the use of high dosage of chemical fertilizers showed its negative

effects. It decreased the soil organic matter from 3% to 1.5% requiring farmers to apply

more and more chemical fertilizers in their fields (Mendoza & Villegas, 2015); and as

years went by, the price of these chemical fertilizers are increasing making it hard for the

farmers to supply the necessary nutrients their crop needs (Cosico , 2012).

Due to these problems, the organic method of farming has been brought again

into light in the Philippines in the 1980s (Leseca, 2012).This method of farming uses

indigenous and organic materials as fertilizer. Nowadays, organic farming is becoming

popular again in the Philippines because of its natural way of giving necessary nutrients

to the crops. This method of farming also helps in reducing wastes in our environment,

and this is the reason why more and more farmers are switching to this method. Organic

Farming is eco-friendly
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for it only uses organic fertilizers which come from animal manures, crop wastes, human

wastes and many other organic materials that can be used as fertilizer (Leseca, 2012).

In any farming activity, the vegetative stage of the plant is very crucial in order to

have a great and bountiful harvest for at this stage the plants are maturing and preparing

to bear fruits. If the plants are not given the proper nutrients they need during this stage,

their growth will be stunted.

One of these organic fertilizers is Fermented Plant Juice(FPJ). FPJ is easy to make

and is less expensive than synthetic fertilizers. FPJ is made of crop wastes such as plant

leaves and stem. To make this fertilizer, fermentation is very important to achieve a good

harvest.

Although, a number of farmers are already using FPJ, but there are still a lot of

them who are not aware of the benefits they will get from using it. Despite the fact that

many researches have already proven that FPJ is effective in growing good and quality

crops, many farmers are still hesitant to try it.

Meanwhile, one of the beloved crops in the Philippines is Sweet Pepper

(Capsicum annum.). Usually it can be eaten raw or cooked, but Filipinos love to use this

as an condiments to their favorite dishes like pinakbet, pancit, etc. Sweet Pepper also

contains a lot of essential nutrients and vitamins that can protect our bodies from

harmful diseases Butay et. al (2018).

Sweet Pepper is part of the Solanaceous Family and it can be grown throughout

the year. In the Philippines, the top producers of sweet pepper are: Cordillera

Administrative Region, 45%; Northern Mindanao, 17%; and the Ilocos region, 13%. In
 3

lowland areas, planting is ideally done around October to December and in highland

areas it can be grown throughout the year.

Here in the locality, a number of farmers are producing sweet pepper as a

source of their living since the topography of the locality is best for growing sweet

pepper. And also sweet pepper is one of the valuable commodity not only in the locality

but also in other parts of the country, therefore the farmers can guarantee a good market

for their harvested sweet pepper.

However, the production of sweet pepper mainly depend on synthetic

fertilizers, and only a few number of farmers are practicing organic farming, as a result,

organically grown sweet peppers are in limited quantities. This is due to the lack of

knowledge of the farmers about organic farming. Because of this many farmers are

suffering from economic bankruptcy due to the high cost of synthetic fertilizers.

https://www.pinoynegosyo.net/business/bell-pepper-production-1000.html

Since the researchers would like to enlighten more farmers about organic farming

and they also want to help small farmers who have a sweet pepper farm, the researchers

have decided to organize a research that deals with the effect of FPJ Fertilizers to the

growth of sweet pepper.

In this study two kinds of FPJ Fertilizers will be use to determine the best FPJ

Fertilizer in enhancing the growth performance of sweet pepper during its’ vegetative

stage.
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Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of this study is presented in Figure 1 below:

Independent Variables: Dependent Variables:

Kinds of Fermented Plant Growth Response of Sweet
Juice: Pepper in terms of:
 FPJ Spinach  Height
 FPJ Camote Tops  Increase number of
leaves

Intervening Variable:
Weather Condition, Soil Quality and
Occurrence of Pests and Diseases.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

This study is an experimental research, that has an independent variable,

dependent variable and of course intervening variable. The independent variable of this

study are the kinds of fermented plant juice specifically FPJ Spinach and FPJ Camote

Tops, while the dependent variable are the height and increase number of leaves. Along

the course of this research, the researchers have expected intervening variables that can

affect the results of this study like weather condition, soil quality and the occurrence of

pests and diseases.

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Statement of the Problem

This study aims to find out the growth response of sweet pepper to the two
different kinds of FPJ.
Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:
1. What is the growth response of sweet pepper to fermented camote tops during the

vegetative stage in terms of plant height and increased in numbers of leaves?

2. What is the growth response of sweet pepper to fermented spinach during the

vegetative stage in terms of plant height and increased in number of leaves?

3. Is there a significant difference in the growth response of sweet pepper to fermented

camote tops and fermented spinach during the vegetative stage in terms of plant

height and increased in number of leaves?

Hypothesis
This hypothesis was tested for the significant difference of the two different kinds

of FPJ in terms of plant height and number of leaves.

1. There is no significant difference in the growth response of sweet pepper to fermented

camote tops during the vegetative stage in terms of plant height and number of leaves.

2. There is no significant difference in the growth response of sweet pepper to fermented

spinach during the vegetative stage in terms of plant height and number of leaves.

Significance of the Study

This study would be beneficial to small farmers as it will provide them an

alternative to costly synthetic fertilizers since the components of FPJ are cheap and it can

be found easily in the locality. This study also promotes conservation agriculture which

combats issues like health hazards from using inorganic fertilizer as well as provides

solution to the alarming soil degradation brought about by chemical fertilizers.

This research would also enlighten inventors and scientists who want to create

effective organic fertilizer that are affordable and safe. Since this research deals with
 6

plants, many agricultural practioners and teachers can benefit from this study, as well as

agricultural researchers who want to study about the effectiveness of Fermented Plant

Juice and other kinds of organic fertilizers.

Scopes and Limitation of the Study

This study was designed to investigate the quantitative differences between the

fermented camote tops and fermented spinach plant. The research was conducted at

Guden’s farm in Macasing Pagadian City from July 22 to August 18, 2019. In this study,

the California Wonder variety was used under rainy weather condition due to this, the

results in the production of leaves were greatly affected.

While doing this study, the researchers had encountered many pests that had

greatly affected the leaves production of the sweet pepper such as aphids, spider mites,

and hoppers.

This study focused only on the plant height and increase in number of leaves of

sweet pepper and did not cover the yield of the plants as indicators of growth response

because FPJ Fertilizers is really suitable for enhancing the growth of sweet pepper, and

the nutrients present in the FPJ is needed during the vegetative growth of the sweet

pepper such as carbohydrates and nitrogen; therefore, our study only focused on the

vegetative stage of the plant.

Definition of Terms

The following terms were used extensively in this investigation and should be

constructed according to the conceptual and operational definition given in this section.
 7

Fermented Camote Tops Plant Juice. Is a kind of FPJ which is made up mainly of plant

parts camote tops and sugar. It contain carbohydrates, proteins, macro and micro nutrients.

FPJ (Fermented Plant Juice Fertilizer). Is a fermented extract of a plant’s sap and

chlorophyll’s. It is a rich enzyme solution full of microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria

and yeast that invigorates plants and animals.

Fermented Spinach Plant Juice. Is a kind of FPJ which is made up mainly of plant parts of

spinach and sugar. It is packed with high amounts of carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin K, folic

acid, iron, and calcium.

Green Revolution. Is a set of research technology transfer initiatives occurring between 1950

and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide.

Height. The distance extending from the bottom to top of something standing upright.

Organic Farming. Is an alternative agricultural system which originated early in the 20 th

century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices.

Sweet Pepper. Is a cultivar group of the species Capsicum annum. Cultivars of the plant

produce fruits in different colors, including red, yellow, orange, green, white, and purple.

Synthetic Fertilizers. Are “Man made” inorganic compounds - usually derived from by-

products of the petroleum industry.

Structure of the Thesis

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This thesis book has five chapters. The first chapter includes introduction,

conceptual framework statement of the problem, significance of the study, scope and

limitation of the study and definition of terms.

The Chapter 2 presents all the related researches and literatures about organic

farming, sweet pepper and fermented plant juice that can support and justify this

research.

The Chapter 3 of this thesis comprises the following sections: research design,

materials and paraphernalia, general procedures, flow chart, instruments for gathering

data, statistical tool and the presentation of the gathered data.

Chapter 4 presents the results of the computed data specifically the results in plant

height and in increase number of leaves and it briefly discuss the aforesaid results.

While in the chapter 5, the last chapter of this thesis. It stated the summary,

findings, and recommendations of this research

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Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies which have bearing

to the present study. The researchers utilized reliable sources of information to gather

information for enriching the content of the research.

Organic Farming

Organic farming is the oldest way of farming. It was practiced during the Neolithic

Period by ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia, Hwang Ho basin and many other

civilizations. Organic farming is a holistic way of producing crops which prevents the use

of synthetic fertilizers thereby, minimizing their harmful effects in the environment

(Behera,et.al 2012).

However during the mid-and late -19 th century, as technology evolved, a new way

of producing crops was brought into light. This new trend in farming encouraged the

farmers to use chemical fertilizers and the results are very promising and engaging

because it eventually boost their harvests (Cunningham,2015).

But time has come when the usage of excessive chemical fertilizers shows its’ bad

effects. Soil organic matter decreases from 3% to 1.5% requiring farmers to apply more

and more chemical fertilizers in their fields making the land more unproductive

(Mendoza & Villegas, 2015).

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In 1980, Organic Farming has been brought out to life again and in the present it is

still practiced by some farmers. The government has encouraged the farmers to divert in

this kind of farming (Lesaca, 2012).

Organic Farming uses natural methods of farming, hence using only indigenous

materials and composted materials as the main fertilizers such as Fermented Plant Juice

and Fermented Fruit Juice (Reddy, 2011, pp.1)

Fermented Plant Juice or FPJ

Fermented Plant Juice or FPJ is a fermented juice derived from a plant’s sap and

chlorophylls. This type of organic fertilizer is rich in enzyme solution that is loaded with

many microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast that invigorates plants and

animals that’s why it is very suitable to use as crop treatments (Reddy, 2011; pp:24).

We should also consider the plant that we are going to use in making FPJ, it is

recommended that the plants should be strong against cold and can grow in spring, also

those plants that are fast-growing (Reddy, 2011, pp.24). Examples of these plants are

Mugwart , Bamboo Shoots, Camote Tops, Spinach and many more.

In a research conducted in Malaysia by Sakimin, S.Z, et.al in 2017, Spinach was

used as FPJ and it prove that spinach is good in enhancing the vegetative growth of

tomato; a solanaceous plant and the researchers want to investigate if the result is still the

same if they will use the same FPJ in Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annum Linn.) so they

consider it as one of their treatment, while Sweet Potato is a good source of

carbohydrates which is needed in the vegetative stage of Sweet Pepper (Kurian, 2010,

pp.75). In addition, a study conducted by Butay et.al 2018, used Sweet Potato as an
 11

organic fertilizer to Bell Pepper, since Sweet Pepper and Bell Pepper are related plants,

the researchers chose Sweet Potato as one of their treatment.

This kind of organic fertilizers is recommended in the vegetative growth of the plant

for it provides the plant its needed nitrogen that is needed in their growth, plus, it will

make the plants grow stronger and faster. In this stage the recommended dilution rate is

1tbsp: 1000 ml of water (Reddy, 2011, pp. 28).

In some cases, FPJ is used to keep pest away from the fruits, just by mixing FPJ and

rice bran then sprinkling it to the ground making the pest go for the ground and not for

the fruit (Reddy, 2011, pp.28).

Sweet Pepper

Sweet Pepper is part of the Capsicum group. The word “capsicum” came from the

Greek word “kapto” which means “to bite” or “to swallow”. It originated in Western

hemisphere and was used as food since 7500 BC. www.vegetablefacts.net

Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum Linn.) is an erect, branched, upright, and smooth

shrub that belongs to the Solanaceae. It has a lot of different colors varying from red,

yellow, violet green etc.; Sweet Peppers also is used in salads for its’ caustic tastes.

(Kurian,2010, pp.34).

There are many nutrients that Sweet Pepper can provide in our body vitamin A,

vitamin C, vitamin B6, folate, molybdenum, vitamin E, dietary fiber, vitamin B,

pantothenic acid, niacin and potassium that are known to have disease preventing and

health promoting nutrients. Sweet Peppers can be harvested when they are deep green
 12

color turning dull or red. This is the index of maturity which normally occurs around 80

to 90 days after planting. https://www.pinoynegosyo.net/business/bell-pepper-production-

1000.html

In growing Sweet Pepper it is very important to care and maintain it during its’

vegetative stage to enhance its’ agronomic response and to have a better yield. In this era,

organic fertilizers are being used in growing Sweet Peppers, specifically foliar fertilizer

like FPJ for it gives nutrients to the tissues and organs of the plants immediately.

(Butay, J, et. al, 2018).

The researchers would focus on the growth performance of the Sweet Peppper

during its vegetative stage.

In a research done by Butay J, et. al 2018 it reveals that FPJ can really produce a

high quality and healthy fruits. The research also revealed that FPJ can really improve the

yield performance of Bell Pepper which is one of the Solanaceous plants.

While a research conducted by S.Z, et.al 2017 in Malaysia found out that the tomato

plants that are treated with FPJ and FFJ produced early flowers and fruits compared with

those untreated plants due to the enhanced production of auxin and essential nutrients.

Meanwhile a research conducted by Beato et. al 2017 stated that FPJ Madre de

Cacao has a remarkable impact on the growth and yield performance of the variety

Pinatubo of Hot Pepper (Capsicum frutinensis).

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Chapter 3

Materials and Methods

This chapter describes the research design, materials and paraphernalia used,

general procedures, flow chart, instruments for gathering data, statistical tool, and

presentation of gathered data.

Research Design

The main objective of this study is to compare the growth response of sweet

pepper to the two different FPJ Fertilizer during vegetative stage, and of course we

needed the control as potential growth basis. The researchers had 2 replications consisted

of 18 experimental units in respect to the formula n=T X R .The treatments were selected

randomly through lottery method and the design used was RCBD (Randomized Complete

Block Design). This design is suited for experimental fields with small number of

treatments. Unlike CRD (Complete Block Design), all treatments must appear in each

block once in RCBD.

Here are the treatments used:

TREATMENT DOSAGE
T1 Control
T2 FPJ Spinach 1 tbsp. of FPJ Spinach / 1 liter of water
T3 FPJ Camote Tops 1 tbsp. of FPJ Camote tops / 1 liter of water
Table 1. Treatments and Dosage of FPJ

As shown in the table above, the treatments that the researchers have used were T1

Control, T2 FPJ Spinach, and T3 FPJ Camote Tops.

Materials and Paraphernalia

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Materials Used:

MATERIALS QUANTITY
Kaneko sweet pepper seeds 1 pack
Fermented Camote Juice 235 ml

Fermented Spinach Juice 235 ml

Table 2. Materials Used in the Experiment

In this table, the materials used in this study were revealed such as Kaneko sweet

pepper seeds, fermented camote juice, and fermented spinach juice together with their

corresponding quantity.

The paraphernalia used in the study are the following:

PARAPHERNALIA QUANTITY

Bolo 1 unit
Polyethylene Plastic Bag 30 pieces

Shovel 1 unit
Casserole 2 units

used Manila paper 4 pieces

Rubber Bands 4 pieces

Growing Medium 45 kilogram

Empty Bottles 2 unit

Sugar 2 kilograms

Basin 1 unit

Atomizer Sprayer 1 unit

Spinach 3 kilograms
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Sweet Potato Leaves 3 kilograms

Pails 2 units
Table 3. Paraphernalia Used in the Experiment

Listed above in the table are the paraphernalia used in the research like bolo, poly

bag, shovel, casserole, used manila paper, rubber bands, growing medium, empty bottles,

sugar, basin atomizer sprayer, spinach, sweet potato leaves, and pails

General Procedures

Raising of Sweet Pepper

The sweet pepper seeds were planted in polyethylene plastic bags. The

polyethylene bags were filled with 5-inches thick layers of growing media. The seeds

were watered regularly and they were expected to grow in 2-3 weeks and will be

transplanted after another 3 weeks.

Land Preparation

Before transplanting the seedlings, the area was cleaned and prepared. The weeds

should be removed using the bolo then after cleaning, the land was divided by 6 and each

of them are in raised beds. After that, the researchers did the tilling and finally the land

was ready for planting.

Making of Fermented Plant Juice

Before planting, fermented plant juice were made. In this study, there were 2

different FPJ setup: the Sweet Potato and Spinach, but the procedure was the same.
 16

According to the book “Cho’s Global Natural Farming” by Rohini Reddy stated the steps

in making FPJ which the study anchored.

1. Pick the leaves before sunrise

2. Shake the plants to remove the soil from the roots
3. Do not wash the plants with water
4. Cut the plants in to small pieces of 4 inch length and put it in a basin
5. Mix the chopped plant materials with brown sugar
6. Put the mixture into the net bag and close it.
7. Put it in a pail and put a stone on top of it, then cover the pail with a manila paper

and secure it with a rubber band

8. Keep the FPJ in a cool and dry place. After 7 days it is ready to be use .

In the same book, it is stated that the ratio of the plant materials to brown sugar is 3kg

of plant materials: 1kg of brown sugar

Planting of Sweet Pepper

After land preparation, transplanting was done. The seedlings were carefully

removed from the polyethylene bags and were planted in the plot. Since there are 6 plots

in respect to the RCBD design and there are 30 seedlings, therefore each plot will be

planted with 5 seedlings and will be maintained well and out of those 30 seedlings 18

plants were randomly selected using lottery method.

Application of Fermented Plant Juice

The book “Cho’s Global Natural Farming” by Rohini Reddy also stated that the
dilution rate of FPJ is 1 tbsp. of FPJ: 1000 ml. In this study, the two setup of FPJ: sweet
potato and spinach, were used and are applied weekly with atomizer sprayer until 3
weeks.

Data Gathering
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Before the application of FPJ, each plot should have 3 randomly selected plants and
they were randomly selected through lottery method. The selected plants were measured
in terms of height and number of leaves.

Flow Chart

The chart below briefly revealed the general procedures that the researchers

have undergone in this study.

Raising of Sweet Pepper

The land were being prepared

The two types of Fermented Plant Juice were made

The Sweet Pepper were transplanted into the land

Fermented Plant Juice were applied for 3 weeks weekly

The needed data were gathered such as height and the increased
number of leaves

Figure 2. Flow Chart

Instruments for Gathering Data

The researchers used a meter stick to measure the plant height, and they manually

counted the number of leaves and since the sweet pepper was tested in terms of their

height and number of leaves.

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Statistical Tool for Data Analysis

The researchers used STAR (Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research) program to get

the analysis of variance, getting the analysis in a manual operation is also possible but

quite tedious.

Arithmetic Mean:

x́=¿ X1 + X2 + X3 … XN

Where

X= the mean X3= the third value

X1= the first value XN = the last value

X2= the second value N= the number of values

Gathered Data

Presented in these following tables are the height for replication 1 and replication 2

in a span of 3 weeks.

Replication 1 (plant height in cm)

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Control Week 1 Week 2 Week 3

4 6 9
7 9 11
6 9 10
Spinach FPJ 10 13 16
9 12 17
12 16 19
Camote FPJ 8 10 12
8 11 13
10 13 15
Table 4.1. Plant Height in Replication 1

Table 4.1 shows the plant height of sweet pepper in replication 1 as influence by the three

treatments in a span of three weeks.

Average
height per
Replication 1 (Average height per week) treatment
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 (cm)
Control 5.67 8 9.67 7.78
Spinach FPJ 10.33 13.67 16.33 13.44
Camote FPJ 8.67 11.33 13.33 11.11
Table 4.2. Average of Plant Height in Replication 1

The table 4.2, stated the average of plant height in replication. The table reveals that

the FPJ Spinach has the highest average plant height in replication 1 garnering the

average height of 13.44 cm followed by FPJ Camote with an average height of 11.11cm.

Replication 2 (plant height in cm)

Week 1 Week 2 Week 3
Control 7 9 13
5 8 11
4 6 9
Spinach FPJ 14 17 19
11 16 18
13 18 21
Camote FPJ 9 16 20
8 15 17
7 14 16
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Table 5.1. Plant Height in Replication 2

Table 5.1 shows the plant height of sweet pepper in replication 2 as influence by

the three treatments in a span of three weeks.

Average

height per

Replication 2 (Average height per week) treatment

Week 1 Week 2 Week 3
(cm)
Control 5.33 7.67 11 8
Spinach FPJ 12.67 17 19.33 16.78
Camote FPJ 7.67 14.67 17.67 13.34
Table 5.2. Average of Plant Height in Replication 2

This Table 5.2 presents the average plant height in replication 2. The table reveals

that the FPJ Spinach has the highest average plant height in replication 1 garnering the

average height of 16.78cm followed by FPJ Camote with an average height of 13.34cm.

Replication 1 (increase in leaves)

Week 1 Week 2 Week 3
Control 0 5 6
0 2 7
0 1 4
Spinach FPJ 0 2 4
2 0 9
0 0 8
Camote FPJ 0 3 4
0 5 3
2 1 5
Table 6.1. Increase in Number of Leaves in Replication 1
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*0 in the table is decrease of leaves after a week

Table 6.1 shows the increased number of leaves of sweet pepper in replication 1 as

influence by the three treatments in a span of three weeks.

Average

increase of

Replication 1 (Average increase of leaves leaves per

per week) treatment

Week 1 Week 2 Week 3
Control 0 2 6 3
Spinach FPJ 1 1 7 3
Camote FPJ 1 3 4 3
Table 6.2. Average in Increase in Number of Leaves in Replication 1

The table 6.2, stated the average of increased number of leaves in replication 1 .

The table reveals that all the treatments have the same average increase number of leaves

in replication 1 garnering the average increased leaves of 3 leaves.

Replication 2 (increase in leaves)

Week 1 Week 2 Week 3
Control 3 3 3
2 1 3
0 0 3
Spinach FPJ 2 3 7
2 3 5
2 2 1
Camote FPJ 1 2 3
2 0 1
2 4 4

Table 7.1. Increase in Number of Leaves in Replication 1

*0 in the table is decrease of leaves after a week
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Table 7.1 shows the increased number of leaves of sweet pepper in replication 1

as influence by the three treatments in a span of three weeks.

Table 7.2. Average in Increase in Number of Leaves in Replication 2

The table 7.2, reveals the average of increased number of leaves in replication 2

. The table shows that the 2 treatments Control and FPJ Camote have the same average

increase number of leaves, garnering the average increased leaves of 2 leaves. While the
Average
FFJ Spinach
increase
Replication 2 (Average increase of of leaves
have an
leaves per week) per
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 treatment
average of
Control 2 1 3 2
Spinach FPJ 1 3 4 3 three leaves.
Camote FPJ 2 2 3 2

Chapter 4

Results and Discussion

The study was conducted on which focuses on the growth performance of

sweet pepper during its vegetative stage. The data gathered were the plant height and the
 23

increased number of leaves. To analyze the data, the researchers used STAR Application

for easier analysis. Below were the results of their study.

1. Analysis for plant height

Using STAR for the analysis of plant growth:

Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research (STAR)

Sun Aug 25 22:39:36 2019

ANOVA TABLE
Response Variable: AverageHeightIn3weeks
--------------------------------------------------------------
Source DF Sum of Square Mean Square F Value Pr(> F)
--------------------------------------------------------------
Replication 1 5.5874 5.5874 4.47 0.1689
Treatment 2 52.8292 26.4146 21.12 0.0452
Error 2 2.5011 1.2506
Total 5 60.9177
--------------------------------------------------------------

Summary Statistics
------------------------------------
CV(%) AverageHeightIn3weeks Mean
------------------------------------
9.52 11.74
------------------------------------

Summary of the Result:

-----------------------------------
Treatment means N group
-----------------------------------
Control 7.89 2 b
Spinach FPJ 15.11 2 a
Camote FPJ 12.22 2 ab
-----------------------------------
Means with the same letter are not significantly different.
The ANOVA shows significant difference between treatment means where p value

is less than 5% or even 1% level of significance (p< 0.05). This value in fact indicates a

level of significance, thus concluding that the spinach FPJ fertilizer is the best to use for

plant growth.

The summary result a means or signifies the best among the three treatments,

next to the spinach FPJ is the camote FPJ fertilizer labeled as ab. (The closer the alphabet
 24

letter to a, the strongest is its effect to the response variable). Thus incorporating the

study done by Butay et. al (2018) which stated that FPJ Spinach is best for plant growth

of Solanaceous Plant.

The coefficient of variance (cv %) is use to refer the acceptance range for field

experiments or the reliability of an statistical experiment. Gomez, Gomez (1984) stated in

their book “Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research’’ that for field experiments,

acceptable range should not be greater than 12 % which agreed to our 9.52%.

2. Analysis for the increase of plant leaves production from transplanting time.

Using STAR for the analysis of increase in plant leaves:

ANOVA TABLE
Response Variable: Ave.LeavesIncrease
--------------------------------------------------------------
Source DF Sum of Square Mean Square F Value Pr(> F)
--------------------------------------------------------------
Replication 1 0.6667 0.6667 4.00 0.1835
Treatment 2 0.3333 0.1667 1.00 0.5000
Error 2 0.3333 0.1667
Total 5 1.3333
Summary Statistics
------------------------------------
CV(%) AverageHeightIn3weeks Mean
------------------------------------
15.31 2.67
------------------------------------

Summary of the Result:

-----------------------------------
Treatment means N group
-----------------------------------
Control 2.50 2 b
Spinach FPJ 3.00 2 a
Camote FPJ 2.50 2 b
-----------------------------------
Means with the same letter are not significantly different.

The ANOVA table shows that, p value is more than 5% or 0.05 (p>0.005),thus

indicates no significant differences among the treatments to the response variable.

However, if we look at the summary of the results, it implies that among the three
 25

treatments, Spinach FPJ has an effect on the leaves production having labelled as a . (The

closer the alphabet letter to a, the strongest is its effect to the response variable).

The study simply suggests that though the FPJ fertilizer treatments does not have

remarkable effect in leaves production due to the occurrence of pest and the weather

conditions, it gives plant optimum growth.

Treatments Decision Conclusion Interpretation

FPJ Spinach NOT REJECT SIGNIFICANT FAIR DEGREE OF

HO RELATIONSHIP
FPJ Camote NOT REJECT SIGNIFICANT FAIR DEGREE OF

HO RELATIONSHIP
Table 8. Over-all Interpretation of the Results

Table 8 presents the over-all interpretation of the results of this study.

In FPJ Spinach, the null hypothesis is not accepted therefore FPJ Spinach has an

impactful effect on sweet pepper.

Also, in FPJ Camote the null hypothesis is not accepted hence, FPJ Camote has a

significant effect on sweet pepper.

Thus we conclude that FPJ Spinach and FPJ Camote reveals significance which

means that the null hypothesis is not accepted and interpreted as “fair degree of

relationship”.

Chapter 5

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

This chapter exhibits the summary of findings, conclusions reached by the

researchers based on the results of the computed data and experiences.

 26

Summary

This study is entitled GROWTH RESPONSE OF SWEET PEPPER (Capsicum

annum Linn.) TO DIFFERENT KINDS OF FERMENTED PLANT JUICE DURING

VEGETATIVE STAGE. The study aimed to determine the (1) effective FPJ fertilizer

among FPJ Spinach fertilizer and FPJ Camote Fertilizer during vegetative stage of Sweet

Pepper ;(2)height of the treated and untreated Sweet Pepper and (3) the number of leaves

of the treated and untreated Sweet Pepper.

The two Fermented Plant Juice Fertilizer were made at the same time and were

sprayed last July 22 to August 18, 2019 using an atomizer sprayer. The plants ( Camote

and Spinach) used for making Fermented Plant Juice were gathered in the locality.

Thirty sweet peppers were germinated for 6 weeks and were transplanted in the field

in RCBD design with 2 replications, 18 plants were randomly selected through lottery

method.

Findings

Based on the data that the researchers have gathered, they found out the following:

1. Height of the Plants. In replication 1, Sweet Peppers that were treated with (T2)

Fermented Spinach Plant Juice Fertilizer got the highest average for plant height having

13.44 cm and the (T1) Control got the lowest average of 7.78 cm. In replication 2, (T2)

Fermented Spinach Plant Juice Fertilizer also got the highest average garnering

16.78 cm, and again (T1) Control got the lowest average gaining 8 cm. In both replication

1 and replication 2, Fermented Spinach Juice Fertilizer got the highest average of plant

height.
 27

2. Increase of Plant Leaves Production. In replication 1 all treatments got average of

3 increased plant leaves, while in replication 2 only (T2) Fermented Spinach Plant Juice

Fertilizer got an average of 3 increase plant leaves and the other two treatments got only

2 increased plant leaves.

Conclusion

Based on the findings and the results from the computations of STAR, we come up

with these following conclusions:

1. On the Height of the Plant. STAR computations’ reveal a significant mean

differences among the three treatments; T1(Control) got 7.89, T2 (Fermented Spinach

Plant Juice Fertilizer) has 15.11 and T3 (Fermented Camote Plant Juice Fertilizer)

garnered 12.22. Therefore, that T2 (Fermented Spinach Plant Juice Fertilizer) has a good

impact in enhancing the growth performance of sweet pepper during its vegetative stage.

2. On the increase in number of leaves. The STAR showed that there is no

significant difference among the three treatments, this is due to the presence of pest and

disease in the area, but if we will look at the summary of the results of the computation of

STAR, T2 (Fermented Spinach Plant Juice Fertilizer) has a mean of 3 while the other

treatments got 2.50, so we concluded that the Fermented Plant Juice has an effect on the

production of leaves .

Recommendations

Based on the conclusion and experiences while doing this study the researchers

have come up to the following recommendations:

 28

1. The fact that the Fermented Spinach Plant Juice shows better performance in

enhancing the growth of sweet pepper it is recommended to use this during the vegetative

stage of the sweet pepper.

2. Similar study under dry weather and with more treatments is highly

recommended.

3. Another study having more replications with the same research design is also

recommended.

4. It is recommended to do same study using more days / weeks than this study.

5. It is recommended to conduct pest control to minimize the presence of pest in

the area.

6. It is recommended for the farmers to use FPJ Spinach during the vegetative

growth of their sweet pepper, for it is good for enhancing the growth of sweet pepper.

Bibliography

Beato, L ,et. al. (2017). GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF HOT PEPPER
(Capsicum frutescens) FERTILIZED WITH FERMENTED PLANT MATERIALS.
International Journal of Advanced Research, 5(9), 25–30. doi:10.21474/ijar01/5503
 29

Behera, et. al. (2012). Organic Farming History and Techniques.

Butay, J, et. al (2018) Yield Performance of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annum)

as Influenced by Different Plant Extracts. Asia Pacific
Journal of Multidisciplinary Research,6(4),60-65.
Cosico, W. C. (2012). Overview of Organic Fertilizer Use in Rice in the Philippines.
International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements.

Cunningham, M. (2015). What is Green Revolution? - Definition, Benefits, and Issues.

Kurian, J.C (2010). Amazing Healing Plants. 632 Leland Dr, Caloocan, Metro Manila,
Philippines.Philippine Publishing House

Lesaca, P. R. (2012). Organic Agriculture in the Philippines: Going Back to Basic.

Retrieved from BAR Research and Development
Digest:http://www.bar.gov.ph/organic-agriculture

Mendoza, T. C. and P. M. Villegas (2015). The Opportunities and Challeges of Green

agriculture in the ASEAN: Focus on the Philippines. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn
University Press

Reddy, Rohini. (2011). Cho’s Global Natural Farming. India: SARRA

Romero, E. and Porciuncula, F. (2014). Improving the Production of

Organically Grown Vegetables

Suñer, A.C. et.al (2016). Mainstreaming Organic Agriculture in the Philippines

Challenges and Opportunities

Appendix A

PROPOSAL LETTER
 30

Appendix B

DOCUMENTATION
 31

Germinated Sweet Pepper

 32

Before Land Preparation

 33

Preparing the Land for Planting

Making of FPJ
 34

Chopping of Spinach Chopped Spinach Plant

Sugar Sugar were added into the Chopped Spinach

 35

Mixing the Sugar and Spinach Net bag

Putting the mixture into the Net bag Locking the Net Bag tightly
 36

Putting the Net Bag in a Casserole

Covering the casserole with Manila Paper and securing it with a rubber band
 37

Chopping of Camote Tops Chopped Camote Tops

Camote Tops mixed with Sugar Camote Tops in an Eco-bag

 38

The casserole was sealed with manila paper and rubber band
 39

The two FPJ Fertilizer

 40

Planting of Sweet Pepper

 41

After Land Preparation and Planting

 42

Materials for applying FPJ Fertilizer

FPJ Camote Measuring of 1 tbsp. of FPJ Camote

 43

Measuring of 1 liter of Water The 1 liter of water was poured into the pail
 44

The FPJ Spinach was diluted with water The mixture was stirred
 45

The mixture was put into the sprayer

 46

FPJ Spinach Measuring of 1 tbsp. of FPJ Spinach

Measuring of 1 liter of water The 1 liter of water was poured into the pail
 47

The FPJ Spinach was diluted with water The mixture was stirred

The mixture was put into the sprayer

 48

Random Selection of Plants thru Lottery

Tagging of Selected Plants

 49

First Application of FPJ

FPJ Spinach FPJ Camote

First Gathering Of Data

FPJ Spinach FPJ Camote

 50

Second Application of FPJ

FPJ Spinach FPJ Camote

Second Gathering of Data

FPJ Spinach FPJ Camote

 51

Third Application of FPJ

FPJ Spinach FPJ Camote

Third Gathering of Data

 52

FPJ Spinach FPJ Camote

CURRICULUM VITAE
I. Personal Information
Full Name: Jey-ann M. Diana
Date of Birth: September 16, 2001
Place of Birth: Pagadian City Age: 18 yrs. Old
Gender: Female Ethnicity/ Tribe: Cebuana
Religion: PCGAMI
Mother: Emma M. Diana Father: Jelson O. Diana

II. Educational Attainment

Elementary: Gubak Elementary School (2007-2014)
Secondary: Francisco P. Consolacion National High School (2014-present)

III. Honors/Awards Received

 Salutaturian, Gubak Elementary School (March 2014)
 Classroom First Honor, Francisco P. Consolacion National High School
(March 2015)
 Classroom Seventh Honors, Francisco P. Consolacion National High School
(March 2016)
 Classroom With Honors, Francisco P. Consolacion National High School
(March 2017)
 Batch With Honors, Francisco P. Consolacion National High School
(March 2018)
 Classroom With Honors, Francisco P. Consolacion National High School
(March 2019)
IV. Membership in School/ Youth Organization
 Senator, Supreme Student Government (S.Y 2014-2015)
 Vice President, Classroom (S.Y 2014-2015)
 Peace Officer, Supreme Student Government (S.Y 2016-2017)
 Governor, Supreme Student Government (S.Y 2019-2020)

V. Seminars/ Trainings/ Workshop Attended

 53

None

CURRICULUM VITAE

I. Personal Information

Full Name: Angel Huminig

Date of Birth: June 17, 1998
Place of Birth: San Miguel Age: 21 yrs. Old
Gender: Female Ethnicity/ Tribe: Subanen
Religion: Kairos Harvest Ministry/JFA
Mother: Marites D. Huminig Father: Junie I. Fernando
II. Educational Attainment
Elementary: Macasing Elementary School (2006-2010)
Lumbog Elementary School (2011-2012)
Macasing Elementary School (2013-2014)
Secondary: Francisco P. Consolacion National High School (2014-present)
III. Honors/Awards Received
 Batch With Honors, Francisco P. Consolacion National High School
(March 2018)
IV. Membership in School/ Youth Organization
 Secretary, Science Club (S.Y 2014-2015)
 Sargent at Arms, Classroom (S.Y 2016-2017)
 Tambourine Dancer, Jesus for all Nations (2014-present)

V. Seminars/ Trainings/ Workshop Attended

 None
 54

CURRICULUM VITAE
I. Personal Information
Full Name: Rose Marie B. Mangoy
Date of Birth: September 24, 2001
Place of Birth: Pagadian City Age: 18 yrs. Old
Gender: Female Ethnicity/ Tribe: Cebuana
Religion: Roman Catholic
Mother: Maricel B. Mangoy Father: Junifer Q. Clemen
II. Educational Attainment
Elementary: Gubak Elementary School (2010-2011)
Macasing Elementary School (2011-2014)
Secondary: Francisco P. Consolacion National High School (2014-present)
III. Honors/Awards Received
 Batch With Honors, Francisco P. Consolacion National High School
(March 2018)

IV. Membership in School/ Youth Organization

 Muse, Classroom (S.Y 2015-2016)
 Muse, Classroom (S.Y 2016-2017)

V. Seminars/ Trainings/ Workshop Attended

 None
 55

CURRICULUM VITAE
I. Personal Information
Full Name: Nelly C. Ngalot
Date of Birth: December 15, 1999
Place of Birth: Pagadian City Age: 19 yrs. Old
Gender: Female Ethnicity/ Tribe: Cebuana
Religion: United Church of Christ in the Philippines (UCCP)
Mother: Lydia C. Ngalot Father: Nelson O. Ngalot
II. Educational Attainment
Elementary: Macasing Elementary School (2008-2014)
Secondary: Francisco P. Consolacion National High School (2014-present)
III. Honors/Awards Received
 Classroom With Honors, Francisco P. Consolacion (S.Y 2015-2016)
 Batch With Honors, Francisco P. Consolacion National High School
(March 2018)

IV. Membership in School/ Youth Organization

 Muse, Classroom (S.Y 2019-2020)
 Treasurer, Classroom (S.Y 2017-2018)
 PIO, Star Circuit Fellowship

V. Seminars/ Trainings/ Workshop Attended

 None
 56

CURRICULUM VITAE

I. Personal Information

Full Name: Lorennette C. Pordaliza

Date of Birth: September 20, 2001
Place of Birth: Pagadian City Age: 18 yrs. Old
Gender: Female Ethnicity/ Tribe: Cebuana
Religion: Roman Catholic
Mother: Lorna C. Pordaliza Father: Ricardo G. Pordaliza Jr.
II. Educational Attainment
Elementary: Macasing Elementary School (2007-2014)
Secondary: Francisco P. Consolacion National High School (2014-present)
III. Honors/Awards Received
 Third Honorable Mention, Macasing Elementary School (March 2014)
 Classroom Third Honors, Francisco P. Consolacion National High School
(March 2015)
 Classroom Fifth Honors, Francisco P. Consolacion National High School
(March 2016)
 Division Third Place Sports Writing (2016)
 Classroom With High Honors, Francisco P. Consolacion National High School
(March 2017)
 Batch With High Honors, Francisco P. Consolacion National High School (March
2018)
 Classroom With High Honors, Francisco P. Consolacion National High School
(March 2019)

IV. Membership in School/ Youth Organization

 Secretary, Classroom (S.Y 2013-2014)
 Bussiness Manager, Classroom (S.Y 2015-2016)
 Editor-in-Chief, Hiyas (S.Y 2017-2018; S.Y 2018-2019 )
 Editor-in-Chief, Hiyas (S.Y 2019-2020)

V. Seminars/ Trainings/ Workshop Attended

 57

 None