6Mary Help of Christian School Cebu Inc.

Km. 17 Tunghaan Minglanilla Cebu

Proposal Paper
Science 10

Submitted to: Sir. Garcia

Submitted by: Avanceña, Argerico
Abatayo, Mabelle
Butaya, Kathleen
Mativo, Karen Joy
Obinque, Jonaliza
Osorio, Jan Mariae
Sevilleno, Mary Love
Tecson, Lizette Marie
Date: November 14,2019
 Introduction :
When electromagnetic radiation, in the form of visible light, travels from one substance
or medium into another, the light waves may undergo a phenomenon known as
Refraction, which is manifested by a bending or change in direction of the light.
Refraction occurs as light passes from one medium to another only when there is a
difference in the index of refraction between the two materials. The effects of refraction
are responsible for a variety of familiar phenomena, such as the apparent bending of an
object that is partially submerged in water and the mirages observed on a hot, sandy
desert. The refraction of visible light is also an important characteristic of lenses that
enables them to focus a beam of light onto a single point.

Objectives:
a. To know what Refraction is
b. To know what will happen if there is refraction
c. To identify the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction of a ray passing from
one medium into another.

Materials:
 A glass
 Water
 Note card/ a piece of paper
 Marker / any writing materials

Hypothesis: “If the light does not bend then what will
happen to the object?”

Procedure:
1. Go to a smooth surface where you will place the glass.
2. Fill your glass of water.
3. Draw a horizontal arrow on the note card or on a piece of paper.
4. Put the note card behind the glass of water.
5. Look through the glass from the front and observe the arrow.
Physics Lesson Being used:

In order to see, your eye must focus light on its retina, convert the light into electrical
impulses, and send those impulses to your brain to be
interpreted. When the electrical impulses arrive in the
visual cortex of the brain, the brain reads them and
interprets them into an image of color and light. It then
flips the image the light was projected on your retina
upside down and fills in for the blind spot if
necessary. In the experiment, we have just
demonstrated a physics concept called refraction , the
bending of light. The physics lesson that we used in
this proposal paper is the lesson of light. We choose the lesson light since we know the
information about it. In this experiment, we wanted to let others know that light is not only
the thing giving us the sight in this world. Light can also bend or in others word,
refraction. When the arrow is moved to a particular distance behind the glass, it looks
like it reversed itself. When light passes from one material to another, it can bend or
refract. In the experiment that you just completed, light traveled from the air, through the
glass, through the water, through the back of the glass, and then back through the air,
before hitting the arrow. Anytime that light passes from one medium, or material, into
another, it refracts. Just because light bends when it travels through different materials,
doesn't explain why the arrow reverses itself. To
explain this, you must think about the glass of water
as if it is a magnifying glass. When light goes through
a magnifying glass the light bends toward the center.
Where the light all comes together is called the focal
point, but beyond the focal point the image appears to
reverse because the light rays that were bent pass
each other and the light that was on the right side is
now on the left and the left on the right, which makes
the arrow appear to be reversed. The diagram explains this better.The experiment helps
us understand that when light passes from one material to another, it can bend or refract.
The glass of water is like a magnifying glass. When the light goes through the both of
them, the light bends towards the centre, where the light converge or meet each other in
the focal point. But in the focal point, the image appears to be in reverse because the rays
of the light that were bent pass
each other, and the light on the
right side is now on the left and
vice versa, that’s why the image
of the arrow is in reverse.
When the arrow is moved to a particular distance behind the glass, it looks like it
reversed itself. When light passes from one material to another, it can bend or refract. In
the experiment that you just completed, light traveled from the air, through the glass,
through the water, through the back of the glass, and then back through the air, before
hitting the arrow. Anytime that light passes from one medium, or material, into another,
it refracts. To explain this, you must think about the glass of water as if it is a magnifying
glass. When light goes through a magnifying glass the light bends toward the center.
Where the light all comes together is called the focal point, but beyond the focal point
the image appears to reverse because the light rays that were bent pass each other and
the light that was on the right side is now on the left and the left on the right, which
makes the arrow appear to be reversed. The diagram explains this better.