SOCIAL WORK

- social work is an academic and professional discipline that seeks to facilitate the welfare
of communities, individual and societies. It facilities social change, development,
cohesion and empowerment. A practicing professional with a degree in social work is
called “social work”

GLOBAL DEFINITION
- Social work is practice based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social
change and development, social cohesion and empowerment and liberation of people

7 SCOPE OF SOCIAL WORK

1. Child Development
2. Medical Social work
3. Clinical Social work
4. Social Work Administration and Management
5. International social work
6. Social work in acute psychiatric hospital
7. Social worker as a community organizer

6 CORE OF VALUES OF SOCIAL WORK

1.SERVICE -to provide help resource and benefits to help people achieve maximum potential

2.SOCIAL JUSTICE – to uphold rights protection opportunity social benefits to everyone

3.DIGNITY AND WORTHY –every person is unique and worthwhile

4.IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RELATINSHIP- to value the exchange between social worker and
client

5.INTEGRITY -maintaining trustworthiness

6.COMPETENCE -Practicing within the scope of known skills and abilities

PROFESSIONAL ROLES IN SOCIAL WORK

1. AS A BROKER
-involved in the process of making referral to link a family or person to needed resources

2. AS AN ADVOCATE
-social workers fights for the rights of others

3. AS A CASE MANAGER
-involved in locating services and assisting their clients to access those services

4. AS AN EDUCATOR
-involved in teaching people about resources and how to develop particular skills

5. AS A FACILITATOR
-involved in gathering groups of people together for a variety of purposes

6. AS AN ORGANIZER
-involved in many levels of community organization

7. AS A MANAGER
-involved in influencing policy change development

CORE FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL WORKERS

1. ENGAGAMENT- must promote collaborative relationship

2. ASSESMENT -data must be well gathered and documented
3. PLANNING -negotiating and formulating action plan
4. IMPLEMENTATION -promoting resource acquisition and enhancing role performance
5. IMPLEMENTATION \EDUCATION – ongoing documentations must be done
6. SUPPORTIVE COUNSELLING -affirming challenging encouraging informing and exploring
options
7. GRADUATED DISEGAGEMENT- seeking to replace to social worker with a naturally
occurring resources
LESSON 1

DISCIPLINE OF COMMUNICATION
-it focuses on how humans use verbal and non-verbal messages to create meaning in
various context across cultures using a variety of channels and media

COMMUNICATE
-a latin word which means TO SHARE

-it’s the act of conveying intended meanings from one entry or group to another through
the use of naturally understood sign and semiotic rules

BASIC STEPS OF COMMUNICATION

-forming of communicative intent

-message composition

-message encoding

-transmission of signal

-reception of signal

-message decoding

-interpretation of message by one recipient

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

VERBAL- It uses language known as symbols or lexemes and grammars or rules by which the
symbols are manipulated

NON-VERBAL- it describes the process of conveying meaning in the from of non-word

messages

GOALS COMMUNICATION

1. TO BUILD AWARENESS
2. TO SECURE COMMITMENT OF A DEFINED GROUP
3. TO INFLUENCE SPECIFIC POLICIES
SCOPE OF COMMUNICATIONS
1. SOCIAL DIMENSION -helps to ensure the social enlightenment of the people

2. EDUCATIONAL DIMESION – to educate the people

3. CULTURAL DIMENSION -provide promotion and preservation of culture and traditions

4. ENTERTAINMENT DIMENSION – to break routine life and divert attention from the
stressful life

5. INTEGRATIVE DIMENSION -it concerns people from the different parts of the world

7 C’s COMMUNICATION

1. CLEAR

-minimize the number of ideas in reach sentence

2. CONCISE

-stick to the point and make it brief

3. CONCRETE

-message should be solid

4. CORRECT

-message must fit to the audience free of errors

5. COHERENT

-must be logical all points must be connected

6. COMPLETE

-all information must be supplied

7. COURTEOUS

-communication must be friendly open and honest

MAJOR ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
1. SENDER-the person who intends to convey the message with the intention of passing
information and ideas to others

2. IDEAS -this is the subject matter of the communications

3. ENCODING -passing of ideas that requires the use of certain symbols such as word actions
or pictures

4. COMMUNICATION CHANNEL-the way on which ideas will be transferred either by formed

or informal

5. RECEIVER-the person who receives the message or for them the message it meant for

6. DECODING -the process of consisting the received message so as to extract its meaning to
one’s understanding

7. FEEDBACK-process of ensuring that the receiver has received the message and
understood in the same sense as sender meant it.

6 LEVELS OF COMMUNICATIONS

1. INTRAPERSONAL Process of Information

2. INTERPERSONAL Couple; friend to friend
3. INTRAGROUP Family circle
4. INTERGROUP or ASSOCIATION Local Community
5. INSTITUTION/ ORGANIZATIONAL - Political system business
SYSTEM/ BUSINESS
6. NATION/ SOCIETY CIRCLE Mass Communication

COMMUNICATION MEDIA CHANNEL

1. MEDIA – connection communication outlet or tools that are used to store and deliver
information or data.
2. MASS MEDIA – diversified collection of media technologies that reach a large audience
via mass communication.
3. BROADCAST MEDIA – transmit information technologically, via such media as film, radio
4. DIGITAL MEDIA – comprises both internet and mobile mass communication.
5. OUTDOOR MEDIA – transmit information via such media as AR advertising billboards;
blimps, Flying billboards.
6. PRINT MEDIA – transmit information via physical objects such as books, comics,
magazines, newspapers or pamphlets.
7. TELECOMMUNICATIONS – refers to any technology, service, system or other resources
that provides or ensures transmission of electronic data an information.
THE CORE TYPES OF NETWORK
1. Computer
2. Internet
3. Telephone network

OBJECTIVES OF MASS MEDIA

1. Advocacy both for business and social concerns such as advertising, marketing,
propaganda etc.
2. Entertainment
3. Public service announcements and emergency alerts.
ISLAM
- The second most widespread religion next to Christianity
- Those who practiced Islam are called MUSLIM
- The two major divisions are Sunnites & Shiites
- Muhammad is the prophet of Islam and often referred to as the seal of prophets the
messenger of Allah
- The Islamic message is about is the acceptance of God as the one and submission to him
- Islam means surrender to the will of the God and he is called Allah in Arabic
- Qur’an (Koran) emphasizes the doctrine of the unity and oneness of God

QUR’AN
- Is the sacred text of Islam, believed to be the literal world of Allah.
- They begin learning it an age, (it is being read to babies and toddlers who can
speak are asked to memorize and recite Qur’an verses) They learn to write by
copying verses of the Qur’an by hand since it is written in Arabic.
- It consists of 114 CHAPTERS or SURAH each composed of VERSES or AYAHS.

MECCAN SURAHS
- Are the shortest chapters, believed to have been revealed to Muhammad in
Mecca.

MEDINAN
- Are the longest chapters, believed to have been revealed later when
Muhammad was in Medina.

- It condemns any association of a person or thing with God because it violates a

fundamental Islamic principle (that there is just one God thus reject the divinity
of Jesus Christ.

- An important branch of Islam is the proper interpretation of Qur’an and the

intellectual interpretation is called TAFSIR written by MUFASSIR.

- Islam Is a religion that emphasizes on the community or the ummah.

PROPHET MOHAMMED

- Muhammad Ibn Abd Allah was born in Mecca. He was orphaned at an early age
of six and lived with his grandfather and later with his uncle Abu Talib.
- He become a Trader a worker under a widow Khadija who is 15 yrs. Older than
him and later got married.
- The revelation of Allah to Muhammad was through the angel Gabriel and goes to
a cave in the mountains outride Mecca to Meditate.
- Angel Gabriel appeared before him and held a cloth covered with writing that
commanded him to recite three times on what was written on the cloth.
- He experienced being carried to Jerusalem and ascending from heir inti paradise
and this called “The Night Journey”.
- Muslims collected the account of his life and stories of his teaching Is and were
compiled as the HADDITH.
- Haddith tells about Muhammads military and political achievements as well as
his personal life.

THE FIVE PILLARS

- It is the foundation of the Muslim faith, they follow and practice these pillars and
are mentioned in Qur’an

I SHAHADAH (creed)

- These is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger.

- It is the first sentence whispered in the ears of a newborn infant.
- It is received daily in prayer.
- It is written in Arabic everywhere inside the domes of Mosques and iver their
doors.

III SALAT (prayer)

- They pray five times a day: before dawn, mid day, mid afternoon, sunset and
night time.
- There is a need for an individual cleansing ritual with water before they pray;
washing their hands, arms, face, neck, and feet.
- They pray facing mecca
- Mihrab is a special arched niche inside the mosque that indicates the direction in
Mecca
- Early Muslim pray facing Jerusalem, but later revelations instructed them to pray
facing Mecca
- Friday is a day of Public Prayer

III ZAKAT (charity)

- Muslims donate certain percentage of their wages to the poor

IV SAWM (fasting)

- Ramadan is a period of shared fasting among Muslims

- It is the 9th month in the Muslim calendar which commemorates Allah’s first
revelations to Muhammad
- People abstain during the period of from food, drinks, tobacco and sex from
dawn until dusk.
- The purpose of fasting is to discipline oneself to develop sympathy for the poor
and hungary and to give to others what one would have eaten. Believed to be
good for individual spiritual growth.

V HAJJ (pilgrimage)

- Pilgrimage is a religious journey by a believer to a sacred city of state.

- Hijra is the migration of Muslims from Mecca to Medina
- Hajj is the returning to Mecca
- All Muslims (unless prevented by poverty or sickness) are expected to visit
Mecca at least once in their lifetime.
- There is a generation of a black metrorite – which is believed to be a special dift
from Allah carried to Earth by the angel Gabriel.
TRIVIA:
- Mohammed established for the rights of women; he limited to four the number of wives a man
could have and demanded equal treatment for them. Women could only have one husband.
- Qur’an demanded modesty in dressing that women must cover their hair or to veil their face
with a Hijab.

TRIVIA:
- Man must wear the robe of Abraham
- The largest Muslim communities in the world are Indonesia, Pakistan and Bangladesh

HINDUISM
- Believers usually refer to Sanatana and Dharma or the eternal religion when they refer
to Hinduism, which is believed to be one of the oldest religions in the world.

HINDU
- Refers to population in India who were neither Christian nor Muslim

HINDUISM
- Is a religion of the Dharma (which is the timeless order of all life; and means
“duty, correct practice and truth’. It is more of a religion of action rather than a
religion of belief.

VEDAS
- Is the holy scripture which means knowledge that emphasizes on the cultivation
of virtue like compassion, non-violence, purity, restraint and self-control in one’s
dealing with others.
TWO TYPES of VEDAS SCRIPTURES

1. SHRUTI - Which means that which is heard contains fundamental philosophy

and morality. The scripture which are primarily the four Vedas are considered to
be divine origin as revealed to sages (called Rishis) through deep meditation.

a. SAMHITAS – hymns dedicated to Gods and Goddesses

b. BRAHMAS – explications of the Samhitas and other ritual acts performed by
priest
c. ARANYAKAS – philosophical interpretations of ritual acts
d. UPANISHADS – explanations of general Philosophical knowledge

2. SMIRITI – which means that is remembered are considered secondary scriptures

and mostly contain stories and advice from sages The Holy scripture include:

a. MAHABHARATA – an epic poem that is 15 times longer than the bible; it

narrates the story of an ongoing war among members. It highlights the
importance of virtues and devotions to the Gods, particularly to KRISHNA.
b. RAMAYANA – a shorter epic poem about kingships and royal virtues; it tells
the story of the battles that Rama had to fight in order to save his wife Sita
from the epics that depict the battles between good and add evil.
c. DHARMA SHASTRAS – legal treatises that emphasizes the importance of
practicing virtues.
d. BHAQAVAD GITA – meaning song of the lord is actually one of the books in
Mahabharata that extols the power and benevolence of Krishna and his
instruction to Arjuna.
e. PURANAS – these are stories that depict the sectarian divisions within
Hinduism.

THE FAMOUS TRINITY of HINDU GODS

a. BRAHMA – (WORLD SOUL) is the chief God, the creator of the universe
b. VISHNU – as the preserver
c. SHIVA – destroyer
 LESSER DELIVES ARE:
a. AGRI – God of fire
b. INDRA – God of the storm
c. GANESHA – God of the Elephant
d. SHIVA – Goddess portrayed with more than two arms
e. LAKSMI – Goddess of good luck/ wealth
f. VASANTI – Goddess of festivity

DOCTRINE OF ATMAN

- Hinduism believes in the doctrine of Atman, which claims that there is a “soul” (called
Atman) that claims that assumes a physical body (through reincarnation) depending on
the merits of one’s deeds. It is the Atman that transfers or transmigrate during death
and rebirth so that one’s present life in the earthly realm is connected to all previous
lives man sorrow and pain (temptation)

CASTE SYSTEM (SOCIAL GROUPS OR VARNAS)

1. BRAHMANS – the caste of the priest, scholars and wise men.

2. KSHATRIYAS – class of political rulers and warriors
3. VAIYAS – the class of merenants, traders and landowners.
4. SHUDRAS – they are the workers, servants and manual laborers.

SHUDRAS – are considered to be improve and is considered as UNTOUCHABLES.

They are the outcastes; condemned to perform unclean tasks such as scavenging,
slaughter of animals street sweeping, laundry and so on.

It was Mohandas Karamchand Ganani (better known as Mahatma Gandhi)

during his time demanded for the abolition of this caste and spoke of them as Harijans
(Children of God)
HINDU CONCEPTS

1. DHARMA

– refers to inherent way all things are intended to be, or to act according to their
nature.
- The Dharma of man is duty and to act properly such as showing respected for the
gods, priests, and the scriptures.

2. KARMA

– simply means action, more so, the consequences of one’s action.

- The law of Karma means that the person’s actions in the present will have
consequences, and thus will have the person’s future.

3. ARTHA
- Refers to he goal of seeking well-being, wealth and power.

4. SAMSARA
- Is the transmigration of the soul
- It is the process or the cycle of life’s birth-death and rebirth.
- Atman’s goal is to achieve level of enlightenment and detachment from material
goods and pleasures to reborn again and again in different material receptacles
so as to end and stop the wheel of Samsara.

MOKSHA
- Withdrawal from the attachment and dependence upon thing.

PUJA
- The most common way to express worship for deities that consists of offering
material goods and ritual acts to the altar of God or Goddesses.
FESTIVALS
1. DIVALI – The festival of lights for five days and considered to be the beginning of
New considered to be the beginning od New ear that honors the return of Rama and
Sita to their home kingdom.
2. HOLI – the festival of spring and colors to celebrate the slaying of the demoness
Holika by Prahalad a Vishnuce devotee.
3. DUSSHERA – it celebrates the actual victory of Rama over the demon Rasana.
4. MAKARA SANKRANTI – festival of the harvest every Jan. 14 as a thanksgiving
offering to the Sun God.
5. KRISHNA JANMAASHTAMI – a celebration of the birth of Krishna, a popular God of
Hindus.
6. MAHA SHIVARATRI – the great knight if Shiva.
7. GANESHA CHATURTHI – a celebration of the birth of Ganesh, a God represented as
an elephant.
8. GURU PURNIMA – the festival of one’s teacher.
9. KUMBHA MELA – the largest Hindu festival in the world that celebrates the sarawari
river (a river of enlightenment where they both and purify themselves).

BUDDHISM
-It was Gautama Buddha who founded and rejected Hinduism in the Indian sub-
continent. Prince Siddhara Gautama, a son of a rich rajan in Nepal lived in a princely
manner and luxury. He was unhappy because of the poverty of his people; he left the
palace in quest of truth and salvation, he then became the BUDDHA (the Enlightened
one).

THERAVADA SCRIPTURE
From where all the teachings of Gautama has been written.

THERAVADA BUDDHISM
Known as Southern Buddhism spread to Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and
Vietnam

MAYANA BUDDHISM
Also known as Northern Buddhism found in china Japan, Korea, Tibet and
Mongolia.
TEACHINGS OF BUDDHISM
MAN’S LIFE IS FILLED WITH SUFFERINGS;
Mans sufferings are caused by his selfish desires; Man can end these sufferings
by eliminating his selfish desires. And man after ridding himself of suffering can attain
NIRVANA (perfect happiness)

FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS

1. DUKKHA Suffering exists
2. SANUDAYA Cause of sufferings
3. NIRODAYA There is an end to suffering
4. MANGGA In order to end suffering, you must
follow the eightfold path

THE EIGHTFOLD PATH TO THE CESSATION OF SUFFERING

1. RIGHT VIEW – to understands that mans craving and his attachment to worldly
things cause suffering.
2. RIGHT ASPIRATION – to resolve of renouncing selfishness and sensual
pleasure.
3. RIGHT SPEECH – abstaining from falsehood, slander, abusive words and
frivolous talk.
4. RIGHT ACTION – abstaining from talking life, taking w/c is not given, from
sexual immortality and from evil acts and to perform any ethical acts.
5. RIGHT LIVELIHOOD – earning one’s living by occupation that does not harm
anyone
6. RIGHT EFFORT – Mental effort to rid oneself of unwholesome stares of mind
while developing, perfecting and preventing good wholesome attitude.
7. RIGHT MINDFULLNESS – the giving of disciplined mental attentiveness,
observation and control to one’s body, thoughts and feelings ever mindful of the
end to be achieve of overcoming ones craving and wordly attachments.
8. RIGHT CONTEMPLATION – the practice of meditation with the intent of
purifying the mind of its attachments to the things of life and to life itself so that
wisdom maybe acquired the peacefulness of nirvana experienced and the cycle of
rebirths broken.
CONFUCIANISM
- The greatest and most influential Chinese philosopher was King Fu Tze (Kung the
philosopher) known to the west as Confucius. He was concerned on what made
the good life, that good life depended on order and that order depended on
good and just government. Virtue according to him consists of correct behavior
such as Benevolence, Righteousness, Propriety, Wisdom & loyalty. A basic
principle resembled the Golden Rule of the REN although stated negatively what
you do not like when done into yourself, do not do unto others.
- Yung chung-snu formulated another belief that from the prime came else the
either that permeates all space from the Ether came all else YIN, the Heaven
and YANG, the Earth, the four seasons, the pasio elements and all other living
organisms.

TAOISM

- LAOTZU was the founder of a philosophy called TAOISM, derived its name from
its central idea, TAO ( pronounced “DOW”, the way of nature according to
Taoism man reaches understanding from the world and contemplating nature.
Man according to Lao Tzu may bring himself in harmony with Tao by practicing
the Three Virtues: Humility, Frugality and contentment. Man should not strive
far learning riches and power but rather they should find lasting happiness by
being quiet, thoughtful and humble. “He who overcomes others is strong, he who
overcomes himself is mighty.

SHINTOISM AND THE BUSHIDO CODE

It is an ancient religion means the way of the gods. It is an amimistic

religion teaching that spirits inhabit even in objects as waterfalls, trees, sand
and stories. It is a polythecnic, believing in a number of gods called KAMI, which
mean superior. The chief Shinto virtue is ceremonial cleanliness rather than
ethical good.
Reverence and respect for the Japanese emperor however is stronger
than Shinto as a foundation for Japanese life. Japanese emperors claimed divine
descent from AMETERASU, the sun goddess.
The authority of the DAIMIO (Japanese Feudral Lord) rested in part of
his control of the land, aristrocratic ancestry and skill with the sword. Each
Daimio maintained fighting force called SAMURAI; They resembled the knights
of medieval Europe for they have the code of conduct called the Bushnido (way
of the warrior) that stressed honor above all courage, loyalty and politeness. To
a samurai, to fight and die for his lord was the highest obligation. If he failed or
disobeyed the lord, he had the opportunity to redeem himself by commiting
SEPUKU of HARA KIRI (belly slitting) which is a ceremonial suicide.