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Listen attentively and participate in class

discussion.
Raise your hand before speaking.
Listen to directions and stay on task.
Practice CL-A-Y Go (Clean As You Go)
REVIEW
• Radian and Degree Measure
• Rotational Motion
• Kinematics in 1 Dimension: Gravity and
Free fall
The Racing Game of Knowledge
Continue
MECHANICS
 Group yourselves into six with 5 members in each group.
 Each group will be given metacards and pen for your answers.
 Write your answer on the metacard.
 Wait for the teacher’s signal before raising your metacards.
 Groups who answered correctly will be given corresponding
points.
 The group who earned the highest score at the end will be
declared the winner.
 1 What is the value
of the
gravitational
constant?
A. 6.67 x 10-12 C. 6.67 x 10-11
N.m2/kg2 N.m2/kg2

D. 6.76 x 10-12
B. 9.8 m/s2
N.m2/kg2
2 Who determined the
value of gravitational
constant?

A. Isaac newton C. John Michell

B. Henry Cavendish D. Galileo Galilei

3 What is the rotational
equivalence of FORCE
for linear motion?

A. Moment of
C. Torque
Inertia

B. Angular D. Angular
velocity acceleration
 4 An object moving only
through the action of gravity
is said to be in what type of
motion?

A. Circular motion C. Gravity

B. Free fall D. Electrostatic

motion force
5 Who among the scientists
below relate gravity as the
curvature of space-time
continuum?
A. Isaac Newton C. Aristotle

B. Albert Einstein D. Galileo Galilei

6 What is the equivalent
degree measure of
𝟑𝝅
radians written in
𝟔
simplest terms?

90 degrees
or 90o
7
Which of the
following equations
is not used in
dealing with free
fall?
1
A. d = Vft – gt2 C. gt = Vf - Vi
2

B. 2gd = Vf2 - Vi2 D. 2d = (Vf - Vi)t

GUESS THE WORD

P T J E
E
C R I O L
 HINT:
GUESS
THE WORD
 It is a form of motion experienced by an object or particle that is
thrown near the Earth's surface and moves along a curved path
under the action of gravity.
PROJECT I LE
mo t I o n
It’s “WORD HUNT” time!
 Objectives
At the end of the lesson, learners are able to:
a. Describe motion using the concept of relative velocities in 2D.
b. Deduce the consequences of the independence of vertical and
horizontal components of projectile motion.
c. Calculate range, time of flight, and maximum heights of projectiles.
For REITERATION:
GRAVITY is defined as the force of attraction between two objects.
Theories of Gravity
 Aristotle explained gravity in terms of its natural resting place.
 Galileo Galilei performed experiments to know the nature of gravity by
using an inclined plane. He was able to demonstrate that object falls at
the same rate regardless of their mass and volume. He also dropped two
balls from the Leaning Tower of Pisa.
 Isaac Newton established the concept of gravitation as it is known
today – Universal Law of Gravitation.
 Albert Einstein defined gravity NOT as an attractive force proportional
to mass but rather, as the curvature of space-time continuum.
For REITERATION:
 Universal Law of Gravitation states that the
magnitude of gravitational force between two
objects is directly proportional to the product of the
masses of the object and inversely proportional to
the distance between the objects.
𝑚1𝑚2
 Fg = G 2
𝑟
The value of G = 6.67 x 10-11 N.m2/kg2
FREE FALL MOTION
• GRAVITY is the only force acting on it.
• The motion is along the vertical. The velocity is either
upward or downward.
• The acceleration is always g = 9.8 m/s2 downward (or
it is equivalent to 980 cm/s2 downward or 32.2 ft. /s2
downward).
• Air resistance or drag is not experienced.
Three scenarios that may happen in a free
falling object depending on its initial velocity
• Scenario 1: If the object is dropped, it will have zero initial
velocity and accelerates at 9.8 m/s2 as it falls.
• Scenario 2: If the object is thrown downward (i.e., strike
the floor), it will have non-zero initial velocity and
accelerates at 9.8 m/s2 as it falls.
• Scenario 3: If the object is thrown upward, it will gradually
slow down on its way up until its speed becomes zero (at
rest). The object will then fall, accelerating at 9.8 m/s2 and
moves opposite to the direction of its initial velocity.
Kinematic Equations: Free Fall
𝟏 2
d = vit + gt
𝟐
𝟏 2
d = v ft - gt
𝟐

gt = Vf – Vi

2gd = Vf2 – Vi2

2d = (Vf + Vi) t
PROJECTILE MOTION
• A projectile motion is a case of free-falling motion
where velocity of the object has a horizontal
component.
• Since it is also a free-falling motion, the only force
acting on the object is gravity.
• The path or trajectory of the motion is in the shape of
a parabola, ot part of it.
Variables of Projectile Motion
Initial velocity (v) Velocity of the object at the
start of its trajectory
Angle of elevation(ϴ) Angle of initial velocity with
respect to the horizontal ground
Maximum height (h) Highest altitude the object
along its trajectory
Range (R) Maximum horizontal
displacement
Total time of flight (T) Total amount of time it takes for
the projectile to travel
Variables of Projectile Motion
Range of Projectile
• The maximum horizontal displacement is known as
the range (R) of the projectile.
• The range of a projectile is at maximum at 45o for any
particular magnitude of initial velocity.

Total time of flight (T)

• Is the total amount of time it takes for the projectile
to travel.
Solving problems on projectile motion:
• To solve problems on projectile motion, the components of
displacement, velocity and acceleration are solved separately,
with time as the only variable linking these components to one
another.
• For the horizontal component:
dx = vxt
where:
vx = vi cosϴ ; vx is constant
Solving problems on projectile motion:

• For the vertical component, the equation of free-fall shall apply:

where:
viy = vi sinϴ
Example:
An arrow leaves a bow at 30.0 m/s at angle of 30o
from the horizontal.
a. What is its maximum range?
b. Find the maximum height of the arrow.
c. How long would it take the arrow to land
on the other side?
Analyze the problem:
An arrow leaves a bow at 30.0 m/s at angle of 30o from the
horizontal.
a. What is its maximum range? – Horizontal component
b. Find the maximum height of the arrow.
– Vertical component
c. How long would it take the arrow to land on the other
side? – Time
What is 30 m/s? – initial velocity
What is 30o? – angle of elevation
Solution:
• It will be easier to solve for (b) first. Using the answer
in (b),the answers for (a) and (c) can easily be found:
b. Along the y-axis, the initial speed of the projectile is:
viy = vi sinϴ
= (30 m/s) sin30o
= (30 m/s) (0.5)
viy = 15 m/s
• At maximum height, the y-component of the velocity is 0
(vfy = 0) and the vertical displacement is the height itself
(h = dy), applying the equations of uniformly accelerated
motion with a = g = -9.8 m/s2.
2gdy = vfy2 – viy2
2(-9.8 m/s2)h = 0-(15m/s)2
(-19.6 m/s2)h = -225 m2/s2
−225 m2/s2
h= 2
−19.6 𝑚/𝑠
h = 11.5 m
• In this particular case (but not always), the total time of flight
is twice the total time it takes to travel to maximum height:
T = 2th
First, solve for the time it takes to reach the maximum height.
gt = vfy – viy
gth= 0 – viy
−𝑣𝑖𝑦 T = 2th
th= = 2 (1.5 s)
𝑔
−15 𝑚/𝑠 T=3s
ht=
−9.8 𝑚/𝑠2
th= 1.5 s
a. Along the x-axis, the initial speed of the projectile is:
vix = vi cosϴ
= (30 m/s) cos 30o
vix = 26 m/s
Since the velocity along the horizontal is constant, one can get the
range by simply multiplying the horizontal component of the
velocity by the total time of flight.
d = vt
R = vixt
= (26 m/s)(3 s)
R = 78 m
Practice Exercises: Group Activity
An arrow leaves a bow at 20.0 m/s at angle of 45o from
the horizontal.
a. What is its maximum range?
b. Find the maximum height of the arrow.
c. How long would it take the arrow to land on the
other side?
Projectile Motion Simulation
Problem Solving: Group Activity
Suppose that a coin rolls off the edge of a table 1.5 m
high at a horizontal speed of 1.0 m/s.
a. Find the time it would take before the coin lands on
the floor.
b. How far from the base of the table will it land?
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