‫الدعااااااااء‬

‫لجروب ‪A & B‬‬

‫تفريغ بسيط لعملي السيكولوجي‬

‫ممكن يجي أو ميجيش عادى‬
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AGGRESSION
Def.: a range of behaviors that can result in both physical and psychological harm to yourself, others, or objects in the environment.

Types of Aggression: 5️ ‫ يمكن كالم د ناجى ينفع‬,‫علشان التهيؤ الذهني‬

{Impulsive, Accidental, Instrumental, Hostile, Expressive}

Impulsive Aggression = affective aggression: ‫متتهورش‬

ّ
- strong emotions, usually anger
-not planned "instrumental " ‫"وده الفرق بينه وبين‬

-often takes place in the heat of the moment. ‫🔥 في المواقف السخنة‬

Accidental aggression:
-not intentional ‫مخدتش بالك‬
- carelessness
-often seen in children, person is in a hurry

Instrumental Aggression = predatory-‫ مفترس‬-aggression: ‫مع سبق اإلصرار والترصّد‬

-intended to achieve a larger goal
-planned " impulsive ‫"وده الفرق بينه وبين الـ‬

Hostile aggression: ‫"عدوان عِدائي" كما قال جوجل‬

forms: {Bullying, Reactive aggression, or an aggressive action as a result of provocation-‫تحرش‬-}

Expressive aggression: ‫😂 لما ترمى التليفون علشان متعصب ثم تعيّط عليه بعدين‬
- intentional but not meant to cause harm
- causing harm is not the purpose of the behavior
Factors That Can Influence Aggression:
Biological: male ⚣ ‫ اكتر من الـ‬female ⚢ in physical aggression
Environmental: Bobo doll experiment demonstrated that {observation can also play a role in how aggression is learned.}
Physical: Epilepsy, psychosis, alcohol abuse influence aggression

Bobo doll experiment demonstrated that {observation can also play a role in how aggression is learned.}
‫أوعى تتفرج على عبده موته‬

a key brain structure for mediating violence. {amygdala}

Kluver-Bucy syndrome:
-monkeys who had their temporal lobes removed.
-showed little fear=increase aggression
-hypersexuality
-hyper metamorphosis
- increase oral tendency
augmenting serotonin levels reduces aggression.
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people who die by violent methods of suicide show low levels of the serotonin in their cerebral spinal fluid

the damage to the prefrontal cortex impairs decision making and increasing impulsive behavior.

Cognitive assessments
the mirror test: test of visual self-awareness
T maze test: which tests learning ability
cognitive assessment measure: assess abilities involved in thinking
Cognitive Delay: Intellectual disability is a term used when a person has certain limitations in mental functioning and in skills
the 3 main cognitive theories:
-Piaget's cognitive developmental theory
-Vygotsky's sociocultural theory
-information-processing theory.
Piaget's theory states that: children construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages
of cognitive development.
Mini mental state examination: quantify cognitive function

Doctor–Patient Relationship
Fundamentals-‫ األساسيّات‬- for Dynamic DPR 5 :‫علشان التهيؤ الذهنى‬
- Communication
- Doctor empathy not sympathy {‫}التف ّهم وليس التعاطف‬
- Trust
- Informed consent ‫موافقه مسبّقه‬

-Professional boundaries
Empathy-‫التف ّهم‬-: is the capacity of a person to put himself into the psychological frame of reference of another ‫حط نفسك مكانه‬
Rapport: is the spontaneous, conscious-‫ واعى‬-feeling of harmonious responsiveness-‫استجابة متناغمة‬- that promotes the development of a
constructive therapeutic alliance.
Establishing Rapport: Putting patients at ease, finding patients' pain, Evaluating patients' insight, Showing expertise, Establishing
authority, Balancing the roles of empathic listener, expert, and authority
Transference: the process of patients unconsciously attributing to their doctors' aspects of important past relationships, especially
those with their parents.
Countertransference: when doctors unconsciously attributes to patients that come from the doctor’s past relationships
Models of DPR 4: ‫مهمه تقريبا‬
- The paternalistic model: "‫ بنصح وكده "اسمع كالمي مين الدكتور انا وال انت‬,‫نموذج أبوي‬
{autocratic model-‫موديل استبدادي‬- , Dr knows the best, Doctor Takes on role of “parent”}
-The informative model: ‫ بدون أي عاطفه‬, " .. ‫ "احنا اكتشفنا ان حرضتك عندك كذا وكذا‬,‫نموذج إخباري‬
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{information Without suggestion, Dr. Likely to be perceived as cold and uncaring}
-The interpretive model: ‫ وترغى معاه‬, ‫ بتشرحله أسباب المرض‬, ‫النموذج المفسر‬
{make recommendations, sense of shared decision making, Consider criticism and alternative suggestions}
-The deliberative model: ‫ دخل بتفاصيل العيان الى ملهاش الزمه بيحاول يصلح بينه وبين مشكلته‬, ‫شيخ البلد‬

{Dr acts as a friend or counselor-‫مستشار‬- ,commonly used hoping to modify injurious behaviors as to stop smoking or lose weight.}
The most appropriate model of DPR for certain one-time consultations {The informative model}
Patient-Centered Interviewing Styles is based on: {the introspective model}

Disorder-Centered Interviewing Styles Is based on a Descriptive model of psychiatric disorders called the medical model

Human development
psychosexual development
‫ م‬,‫خلّى الك من صورته‬
Sigmund Freud ‫ن جي علي ا س ال‬

‫وع ل أ ه‬ ‫مني د‬

believed that we all had a conscious, preconscious, and unconscious level.

In the conscious: we are aware of our mental process.
In The preconscious: information which not currently in our thoughts, can be brought into consciousness.
In the unconscious: mental processes we are unaware of

developed three personality structures: the id, ego, and superego.

In The id: the most primitive of the three, it's function to seek pleasure and avoid pain.
In The superego: plays the critical and moralizing role. ‫دور أخالقي حاسم‬

In the ego: is the organized, realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the superego.

5 stages of Psychosexual development

Oral: ,‫أول سنه ونص‬ the libido ‫ الرغبة الجنسية‬is centered in a baby's mouth."
Anal: ‫من سنه ونص لتالته‬ the child defecates from the anus.
Phallic: ‫ من تالته لست سنني‬the child is aware of their sexual organs
Latency: ‫من ست سنني للبلوغ‬, the child's sexual interests are repressed‫قمع‬
Genital

‫ تعرف العناوين أهم حاجه الى هيا كونشس وبري كونشس وان كونشس‬,‫ تعرف انه عمل سيكوسيكشوال ديفيلوبمنت‬:‫أهم حاجه فـ فرويد‬
‫ والـ خمسه ستيدجس بتوع الديفيلوبمنت‬,‫ايد وايجو وسوبر ايجو‬

Cognitive development
Jean Piaget
children learn by constructing knowledge through hands-on experience.
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4 stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational.

‫ انهم عمل كوجنتيف ديفيلوبمنت وليس سيكوسيكشوال الى عملها فرويد‬:‫أهم حاجه ف جين باياجيت‬
‫الفور ستيدجس بتوع الكوجنتيف ديفيلوبمنت‬

Moral development
Lawrence Kohlberg

3 levels of moral reasoning:

pre-conventional moral reasoning: reasoning that is based on rewards and punishments
conventional moral reasoning: reasoning based on rules and conventions of society.
post-conventional moral reasoning: society's rules and conventions as relative, rather than as authoritative.‫موثوقة‬

Heinz Dilemma
Kohlberg used the Heinz Dilemma to apply to his stages of moral development.
‫ جوزها قدامه انه رسق الدوا أو ستسلم وميجب وش‬,‫"ال ش له هيا واحد عندها كانرس وصيدلى واحد عند العالج ومغلّيه جدا‬

‫ ود غالب اختيار األطفال‬, ‫روكونفينشينال‬ ‫لو انت م ان جوزها واخرتت انك متاخدش الدوا لسبب انك خا ف من العقاب فانت كد‬

‫يبقي اختيار الناس الى داخلني الرماهقه جد د عىن وكد‬ ‫بقي انت كونفينشينال ود‬ ّ ‫ولو انت اخرتت انك متاخدش الدوا لسبب ان دى قواعد وهو‬
‫حقه ع ل كد وال جت ع وال الم د‬

" ‫ بقي انت وست كونفينشينال‬, ‫ولو انت أخرتت أ نك ترسق الدوا لسبب ان قواعد ال جت ع دى أمر نسىب وانت محتاجه وكد وان القواعد مش الزم ن شي أوى علي ا‬

psychosocial development
Erik Erikson
Eight stages of psychosocial development
"Trust vs. Mistrust"
"Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt ‫"شك‬
"Initiative vs. Guilt"
"Industry (competence) vs. Inferiority".
"Identity vs. Role Confusion".
"Intimacy vs. Isolation"
"Generativity vs. Stagnation".
"Ego Integrity vs. Despair".

Substance use and abuse

Changes in the Brain due to addiction:
Brain Structure: Prefrontal Cortex, limbic system
Brain Pathways: Dopamine pathway, serotonin pathway
Brain Chemical: Dopamine, serotonin, endorphin, glutamate
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‫الفنكشن‬ Dopamine Serotonin
Reward, pleasure, euphoria Mood, memory
Motor function, compulsion-‫إكراه‬- Sleep, cognition

Brain Chemicals: dopamine, serotonin...‫الخ‬

The Addiction Cycle 4 C’s: Craving‫حنين‬, Compulsion"‫االكراه "مرتجمة فوق فالجدول علفكره‬,Loss of Control,Continued Use

Drug misuse Drug abuse

‫دكتور كتب للعيان ترامدول علشان‬ ‫شخص طبيعي مش عيان وال‬
ّ
‫ راح أدمنه‬،‫يسكن ألمه‬ ‫حاجه وبيتعاطى ترامادول‬

‫ياريت حد يقول عالجروب بتتكتب ازاى باالنجلزيى‬

Is addiction a Disease?

not disease, it's Disorder

Addiction is not a disease because:[4]
Not transmissible.
Not autoimmune, hereditary, or degenerative.
Self-acquired.

Addiction: a brain Disorder characterized by compulsive‫ القهري‬engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse
consequences‫عواقب‬
Tolerance: the diminishing effect of a drug resulting from repeated administration at a given dose.
Withdrawal: symptoms that occur upon cessation‫ وقف‬of repeated drug use.
What is SBIRT? (Screening Brief‫ موجز‬Interventions Referral to Treatment)

Pain
Psychogenic pain: is physical pain that is caused, increased, or prolonged by mental, emotional, or behavioral
factors.
It accompanies or is induced by: social rejection, broken heart💔, lovesickness, or other such emotional events.
pain: "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described
in terms of such damage".
Ttt.: psychotherapy, antidepressants, analgesics.
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Fibromyalgia: is a disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain,

accompanied by fatigue, sleep, memory and mood issues.
Symptoms of fibromyalgia include:
Widespread pain: lasted for at least three months, occur on both sides of your body and above and below your waist.
, Fatigue, Cognitive difficulties.
Fibromyalgia often co-exists with other painful conditions, such as:
Irritable bowel syndrome-‫القولون العصبي‬-
Migraine and other types of headaches-‫صداع نصفي‬-
Interstitial cystitis or painful bladder syndrome
TMJ disorders
Tips for coping with pain:
Stay active, know your limits, Exercise, Make Social Connections, Distract Yourself, Don't Lose Hope, Follow
Prescriptions carefully

Personality
Biological classification:
-body type: asthenic{ ‫أكرث عرضه لألمراض الذهانيّه‬psychotic }-athletic{ ‫أكرث عرضه لألمراض العصابيّه‬psychosomatic }-pyknic{‫ أكرث عرضه لـ‬bipolar disorder}
‫زي الشزيوفرانيا‬

-physiological: -introvert - extrovert

-type A ‫بيجيلهم الضغط‬ -type B ّ

‫السكر‬ ‫بيجيلهم‬

‫الصور هدى مهمّ ه هتقول فيها ان ده تصنيف بيلوجى للشخصيه تتبعا للجسم وتقول األثينيك واالثيليتك والبيكنك عادى‬

‫ واكسرتوفريت يعىن مش انطوائي وال حاجه‬،‫ انتوفريت يعىن انطوائي‬، ‫الصوره دى هتقول ان ده تصنيف بيلوجى للشخصيّه متقسمه لنوعني‬

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Introvert Extrovert

Reflective, quiet, focus Active, hearty, variety

think then speak Speak as they think

H solitude ‫منعزل‬ social

Type A Type B
Competitive, time Relaxed, one thing

urgent, aggressive at time, express

feeling
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‫الل م ما كان من توفيق ف نك‬

‫وحدك سبحانك‪ .‬وما كان من تقصري‬

‫أو خطأ أو نسيان ف ن نفيس ومن‬

‫الشيطان‬
‫‪.‬‬