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A Research Project
Presented to the
In Partial Fulfilment
AND
By
The ineffectivity of some cleanings ups led to more and more plastics being
disposed improperly anywhere. As this study procures, aiming its goal is to produce a
cement for construction intentions. The environment will not only benefit, it will also
give rise to develop a new knowledge and innovation. The engineering firms, and
In order to attain this study, we'll have to use methodologies in making a cement
This will help the community to give rise to a lot of opportunities and doors for
new beginnings. This study will serve as an eye-opener to all, as to how to exceed the
recycling of plastics.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
ecologist to our environment. Ecologists are concerned about on the year 2050 plastic
will increase more than fishes. This kind of concern must take an action especially here
in the Philippines, that most of us used plastics in our daily life. The scarcity of space in
the Philippines is really alarming in point that people have no way in dealing it and one
of its causes is about wastes. The wastes occupies very large amount of land. Research
carried out that recycling plastics can be part in producing cement in construction
industries. One is used is plastics, which used in many applications. Recycling plastics
as one of the components in producing cement is one of the best solution in solving the
problem. Efforts has explore plastics as one of the components in cements. In recycling
Plastics are part of our lives that gives advantage and disadvantage. It increases
each year and steadily has a long life than us human. This has been a great for us
humans for this could be used in packing, deliveries and etc. As plastic is things that
people need, it has lots of application in our daily life that is why it increases each year.
Last June 5, 2018 Philippine EnviroNews published a news that says "The country
generates about 2.7 million metric tons of plastic waste and half a million metric tons of
plastic-waste leakage each year, data from the Ocean Conservancy stated. In Metro
Manila, which is home to more than 12 million people, about 8,600 tons of waste per
day are generated." Our country next to China, Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia that
Theoretical Background
A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and
Cements are believed to have a purpose in the society. To further understand this
study, the product is believed to have undergone a process to be able to produce such
equipments.
This will not only help in construction, but will also lessen the probability of
plastic waste disposals. Through which, plastics tend to build a stronger components, fit
reduced slump values of waste plastic concrete mixes show that it can be used only in
situations that required low-degree workability. Such situations are numerous in civil
engineering applications, namely, precast bricks, partition wall panels, canal linings,
superplasticizer is added to the waste plastic mix concrete. The comprehensive strength
decreases with increasing waste plastic ratios at all curing ages. This may be attributed
to the decrease in the adhesive strength between the waste plastic and the cement paste.
It seems that the bonding between the plastic particles and the cement paste is weak.
superplasticizer to the mix. With increasing amount of waste plastic, the rate of
reduction in strength gets flatter and the maximum reduction is only about 15% for all
grades of concrete. Flexural strength of waste plastic mix concrete decreases with the
increase in percentage of plastic waste. It was observed that the effect of plasticizer on
RECYCLED PLASTICS
Dependent Variable
CEMENT
Independent Variable
INVENTORY OF TESTING OF
CEMENT CEMENT
Construction
The Proposed
Factors
alternative
Durability ingredient/component
ENGINEERING
FIRMS
Application
THE PROBLEM
Plastics are harmful because it is non-biodegradable. It can not be useful and not
nature friendly products. When plastics are thrown on land it makes the soil less fertile.
When thrown in water it chokes ponds, rivers and oceans and harms the sea life. If
animals eat plastic, it gets stuck in their belly and makes them sick because the bacteria
in their stomach cannot break the plastic up into smaller pieces. In order to save the
environment and create new economic opportunities. Recycling plastics keeps useful
materials out of landfills and encourages businesses to develop new and innovative
Statement of Hypothesis
that could be added in cements that are used in constructing infrastructures or buildings.
Significance of the Study
Construction Site - This study will help them to have a durable cement.
Government - This study can help them lessen natural calamities because of
Schools - The school can donate plastic to be recycled and to avoid pollution in
the school.
Community - This would help the community or the people to lessen its plastic
Definition of Terms
and keeping them healthy, calcium enables our blood to clot, our muscles to contract,
Silicon - It is the most abundant electropositive element in The Earth's crust. It's
Concrete - formed when portland cement creates a paste with water that binds
Plastic waste as aggregate for cement is one of the accepted ways in recycling
them. Studies shown that there are a lot of ways to produce such equipment. Furtherly
elaborated by one of the studies is the use of cement in construction sites. According to
the University of Bath; Waste plastic in concrete could support sustainable construction
in India, the research demonstrates how the team investigated various different types of
plastic to see if they could be crushed and used as a replacement for sand, which
typically accounts for 30 percent of a concrete mixture. In doing the research they
gathered variety of plastics such as plastic bottles and plastic bags. They replaced the
sand into plastic by 10% and have concluded that it could save 820 million tones of
sand a year. Upon doing the research, the researchers have ground and graded to match
the sand being replaced, were found to perform best. That is why the research
for sand, published in Construction and Building Materials have been given a
Lecturer in Concrete Structures, Dr. John Orr has completed this research and have said
that viable material for use in some areas of construction that might help us to tackle
issues of not being able to recycle the plastic and meeting a demand for
strength of concrete. It was given in their data that improvement in splitting tensile
strength after addition of plastic pieces in concrete has strengthen the concrete. Up to
concrete decreases with addition of plastic. Therefore it has been conclude that the use
plastic can possibly increase the tensile strength of concrete. (International Journal of
In the study by Jibrin Sule, Sule Emmanuel, Ismaila Joseph, Osagie Ibhadobe,
Buba Y. Alfred, Farida Idris Waziri, and Emeson Sunny they have concluded that the
lightweight concrete can be used as floor tiles, roofing material, walling / partition
material in storey buildings due to its light weight, non corrosive and weather proof
capability. They have said also that Plastics can be used to replace some of the
concrete, due to low density of plastics as compared to the density of fine aggregates.
concrete panel.(Jibrin Sule, Sule Emmanuel, Ismaila Joseph, Osagie Ibhadobe, Buba Y.
the research that they have conducted is testing its physical appearance and its lightness.
They have been concluded that it has been proven that if sand would replace with 40%
of plastic waste bag the concrete would be lighter. Their research also results that more
waste content increases the fluidity of concrete improves, that is favorable for concretes.
This improvement can be attributed to the fact that plastic particles have an outer
smoother surface than that of the sand. Moreover, plastic bag aggregates can be a
successful one to replace conventional aggregates in concrete without any long term
ISSN 1314-7269)
CHAPTER III
Research Design
measuring the subject before and after a treatment. This design attempts to establish
some casuality between the variables that are designated for this research.
Research Procedure
Materials
Procedure
Prepare all the materials, Put a small amount of used cooking oil in the frying
pan. In melting the plastics, use an old frying pan so that it can easily be disposed after
melting. Melt the plastic wrappers and plastic bottles one at a time until it liquidise.
After melting all the plastics, the cement will be made next. Put the cement
then apply water on it. Using a small shovel, mix it until it become sticky enough.
Separate the cement into half, the one with no plastic and the other one mixed with
plastics. Put the first half on a small box without anything mixed on it.While the other
half, mix the melted plastics with the cement and put it on a box. Wait until 24 hours to
dry the cement. There will be differences with the plain cement and the cement mixed
with plastics.
Gathering of Data
The researchers would like to know what is the difference between a pure
cement and a cement with recyclable plastics; plastic bottle, and plastics wrappers.
There will be 2 set-ups of cements, the pure cement one and the cement with recyclable
plastics. Then, will identify which is better for construction firms and to solve the
Treatment of Data
The data gathered will serve as a guide to this study. The datas collected in this
study, will be translated as the number of hours the cement is being hardened, in order
to form a brick. This research doesn't require respondents, so it focuses on the processes
The scope of this study is to produce recyclable plastics as cement ingredient for
construction purposes. In order to ensure the quality of this study, other studies has also
tested on its strength in structure and durability. The purpose of this study is to give
awareness to everyone of how bombarded on community with plastics with. This will
help to lessen the plastics that are scattered everywhere in our community.