INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
DUAL DEGREE ENGINEERING PHYSICS

AE216 THERMODYNAMICS : ASSIGNMENT – 1

Last date of submission : 20 August 2018

Choose any 20 Problems of your choice:

1. Find the lowest temperature at which it is possible to have water in the liquid phase. At what
pressure must the liquid exist?

2. Water at 27◦ C can exist in different phases, depending on the pressure. Give the approximate
pressure range in kPa for water in each of the three phases: vapor, liquid, and solid.

3. Dry ice is the name of solid carbon dioxide. How cold must it be at atmospheric (100 kPa)
pressure? If it is heated at 100 kPa, what eventually happens?

4. A substance is at 2 MPa and 17◦ C in a rigid tank. Using only the critical properties, can the
phase of the mass be determined if the substance is oxygen, water, or propane?

5. Give the phase for the following states:

a) CO2 at T = 40◦ C and P = 0.5 MPa.
b) Air at T = 20◦ C and P = 200 kPa.
c) NH3 at T = 170◦ C and P = 0.7 MPa.

6. For water at 200 kPa with a quality of 10%, find the volume fraction of vapor.

7. Give the missing property of P-v-T and x for water at

a) 10 MPa, 0.003 m3 /kg.
b) 1 MPa, 190◦ C.
c) 200◦ C, 0.1 m3 /kg.
d) 10 kPa, 10◦ C.

8. Determine the phase or phases in a system consisting of H2 O at the following conditions and
sketch P-v and T -v diagrams showing the location of each state.
a) P = 10 bar, T = 179.9◦ C.
b) P = 10 bar, T = 150◦ C.
c) T = 100◦ C, P = 0.5 bar.
d) T = 20◦ C, P = 50 bar.
e) P = 1 bar, T = −6◦ C.

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 9. For H2 O, determine the specified property at the indicated state. Locate the state on a sketch
of the T -v diagram.
a) T = 140◦ C, v = 0.5 m3 /kg. Find T , in ◦ C.
b) P = 30 MPa, T = 100◦ C. Find v, in m3 /kg.
c) P = 10 MPa, T = 485◦ C. Find v, in m3 /kg.
d) T = 80◦ C, x = 0.75. Find P, in bar, and v, in m3 /kg.

10. You want a pot of water to boil at 105◦ C. How heavy a lid should you put on the 15-cm-diameter
pot when Patm = 101 kPa?

11. Water at 400 kPa with a quality of 25% has its pressure raised 50 kPa in a constant-volume
process. What is the new quality and temperature?

12. A sealed rigid vessel has volume of 1 m3 and contains 2 kg of water at 100◦ C. The vessel is now
heated. If a safety pressure valve is installed, at what pressure should the valve be set to have
a maximum temperature of 200◦ C?

13. Saturated liquid water at 60◦ C is put under pressure to decrease the volume by 1% while
keeping the temperature constant. To what pressure should it be compressed?

14. Saturated water vapor at 60◦ C has its pressure decreased to increase the volume by 10% while
keeping the temperature constant. To what pressure should it be expanded?

15. In your refrigerator, the working substance evaporates from liquid to vapor at −20◦ C inside a
pipe around the cold section. Outside (on the back or below) is a black grille, inside of which
the working substance condenses from vapor to liquid at +45◦ C. For each location, find the
pressure and the change in specific volume (v) if the substance is ammonia.

16. Pressure cooker (closed tank) contains water at 100◦ C, with the liquid volume being 1/20th of
the vapor volume. It is heated until the pressure reaches 2.0 MPa. Find the final temperature.
Has the final state more or less vapor than the initial state?

17. A 1.8-m3 rigid tank contains steam at 220◦ C. One-third of the volume is in the liquid phase
and the rest is in the vapor form. Determine (a) the pressure of the steam, (b) the quality of
the saturated mixture, and (c) the density of the mixture.

18. A cooking pan whose inner diameter is 20 cm is filled with water and covered with a 4-kg lid. If
the local atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa, determine the temperature at which the water starts
boiling when it is heated.

19. A piston-cylinder device contains 0.85 kg of refrigerant-134a at 210◦ C. The piston that is free
to move has a mass of 12 kg and a diameter of 25 cm. The local atmospheric pressure is 88 kPa.
Now, heat is transferred to refrigerant-134a until the temperature is 15◦ C. Determine (a) the
final pressure and (b) the change in the volume of the cylinder.

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20. Water is being heated in a vertical piston-cylinder device. The piston has a mass of 40 kg and
a cross-sectional area of 150 cm2 . If the local atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa, determine the
temperature at which the water starts boiling.

21. A rigid tank with a volume of 1.8 m3 contains 15 kg of saturated liquid-vapor mixture of water
at 90◦ C. Now the water is slowly heated. Determine the temperature at which the liquid in
the tank is completely vaporized. Also, show the process on a T -v diagram with respect to
saturation lines.

22. What is the quality of a two-phase liquid-vapor mixture of H2 O at 40◦ C with a specific volume
of 10 m3 /kg ?

23. A system consists of liquid water in equilibrium with a gaseous mixture of air and water vapor.
How many phases are present? Does the system consist of a pure substance? Explain. Repeat
for a system consisting of ice and liquid water in equilibrium with a gaseous mixture of air and
water vapor.

24. Determine the volume change, in m3 , when 1 kg of water, initially saturated liquid, is heated to
saturated vapor while pressure remains constant at 0.06, 1, 6, and 30, each in bar. Comment.

25. A tank contains a two-phase liquid-vapor mixture of Refrigerant 22 at 10 bar. The mass of
saturated liquid in the tank is 25 kg and the quality is 60%. Determine the volume of the tank,
in m3 , and the fraction of the total volume occupied by saturated vapor.

26. Water vapor is cooled in a closed, rigid tank from 520◦ C and 100 bar to a final temperature of
270◦ C. Determine the final pressure, in bar, and sketch the process on P-v and T -v diagrams.

27. Five kg of steam occupies a volume of 10 m3 . Find the quality and the pressure if the temper-
ature is measured at (a) 40◦ C and (b) 86◦ C.

28. A rigid container contains 1.0 kg of water at the critical state. Determine the volume of the
vapor present in the container after it has been cooled to 100◦ C.