UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE

Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch)

Traffic and Transportation (ART-506)

Ar. Md Shahroz Alam

TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

 Mass
Transportation
Course Outcome
CO Title Level
Number

CO1 Students will gain knowledge about the various traffic Remember
and transportation systems.

CO2 Students will learn about various road network Understand

planning

Source: https://www.limitstogrowth.org/articles/2011/07/16/more-indians-
dot-not-feather-crossing-the-border/

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 Urban Mass Transportation
• Urbanization + Transport = Urban Mass Transportation
• Cities (Urban Areas) play a vital role in promoting economic growth
and prosperity of a nation.
• The development of cities largely depends upon their physical,
social, and institutional infrastructure.
• Transport demand in most Indian cities has increased substantially,
due to increases in population as a result of both natural increase
and migration from rural areas and smaller towns.

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Urbanization Trend : India

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 Requirement of Mass transit system
• Surat city is an outcome of the expansion of the city's limits at various intervals
geared to accommodate the additional population and the increasing economic
activities.
• In the year 1664, the city was limited to the inner walled city covering an area
of 1.78 sq. kms. In 1707, with the construction of the outer wall, the area of the
city increased to 7.36 sq. kms.
• For the next almost 250 years the increase in the city area wasn't very
significant and in 1963 the city covered an area of 8.18 sq. kms.
• In the same year 13.77 sq. kms. was added to the katy area, increasing its total
area to 21.95 sq. kms.
• From 112.27 sq. kms, the present area of Surat city is 326.515 sq. kms.
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Requirement of Mass transit system

• Surat's population has grown drastically.

• In the year 2001 the population of the city was
around 25 lakhs and at present it is 40 lakhs plus.

YEAR WISE POPULATION OF SURAT CITY 6

Source: Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC)
Vehicular Population: Ownership Profile

Source: http://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~dhingra/ce751.htm
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Transit Use by City Size

Source: http://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~dhingra/ce751.htm
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 Travel Options???
• To solve the traffic congestion problem, the best method is
encourage the use of public transport or mass transport

Source: http://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~dhingra/ce751.htm
hi

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Share of Public Transport

hi

Source: http://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~dhingra/ce751.htm
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Planning Approach….Reversal Needed….

hi

Source: http://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~dhingra/ce751.htm
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 Concept of travel demand

• Travel demand :- it refers to the amount and type of travel people

would choose under specific conditions. considering factors such as
the quality of transport option available and their prices.
• Hidden demand:- it refers to decisions related to creation and
management of transportation and hi
traffic facilities.
• Transportation demand :-It is concentrated at specific times that are
related to the current activity pattern of the society for example
social and recreational trips. also in such type of demand forecasts
will be poor.

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 Major Aspects in travel demand

• Land use :- It refers to pattern of land usage in an area. Land use

affects the transportation demand through generation and
distribution of trips.
• Trip purpose:- It refers to purpose for which the trip is being
undertaken. A trip is a movement hi
from origin to destination, the
distance between origin and destination is called trip length. and
the time taken is known as trip time.

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 Factors affecting travel demand

• Socio-economic factors
• Location factors
• Public transport accessibility factors

hi

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 Socio-economic factors

• Household income
• Occupation status
• Family size and composition of household
• Cultural aspects
hi
• Number of cars per household

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 Location factors

• Population
• Residential density
• Distance of household from town center( central business district)

hi

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 Public transport accessibility factors

• Nearness of public transport facility

• Efficiency and reliability of public transport
• Fare structure, routing etc.
• Factors affecting choice of travel mode
hi
• Purpose of trip
• Distance traveled
• Income of traveler
• Occupational status of the traveler

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 Sequential and simultaneous models

• It consists of four descriptors.

• Trip frequency
• Destination
• Mode
hi
• Route and other choice

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 Sequential and
simultaneous models

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Source: http://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~dhingra/ce751.htm
 Aggregate and disaggregate approaches

• Aggregate approach:- This develops relationship between trip

production and attraction with appropriate independent variable, at
zone level, using regression analysis. It refers to grouped data &
pattern but may vary from zone to zone.(simultaneous models)
• Disaggregate approach :- This ishibased on development of
equations describing independent variable on the trip making as a
basic unit. Data required is based on household characteristics.
(sequential models)

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 REFERENCES
Text Book:
• Kadiyali, “Traffic and Transportation”
• Agarwala S C,-- “Architecture and Town Planning”
• UDPFI Guidelines – Ministry of Urban Development
Reference Books
• National Transport Policy- Government of India- Ministry of Surface Transport
• Institute of Town Planner (India) – Readers Volume on Transportation
• National Building Code,2005
Reference Website
• https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105101087/
• https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/705/9/09_chapter%201.pdf
• https://theconstructor.org/transportation/classification-of-roads/17470/
• https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/2002cpr/pdf/ch14.pdf
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292617453_Urban_Corridor_Noise_Pollution_A_case_study_of_Surat_city_India

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THANK YOU

For queries
Email: shahroz.e7674@cumail.in