Design Report of Retaining Wall

DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL
CONTRACTOR KEC INTERNATIONAL LTD.
CONSULTANT LAHMEYER INTERNATIONAL / NORCONSULT

2 FOR APPROVAL 31-08-2018 PRK SWD SNC CLIENT UPPER TAMAKOSHI HYDROELECTRIC POWER LTD
1 FOR APPROVAL 15-06-2018 RKM SWD SNC PROJECT NEW KHIMTI 220/132KV SUBSTATION
0 FOR APPROVAL 23-03-2018 RKM SWD SNC TITLE DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL
REV DESCRIPTION DATE DESGND. CHKD. APPVD. DOC. NO KEC/UTKHEP/17-2066/67/KHIMTI/C1/097 REV 2
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PROJECT 220/132KV NEW KHIMTI SUBSTATION
KEC/UTKHEP/17-2066/67/KHIMTI/C1/097 31-08-2018
DESIGNED CHECKED SHEET
TITLE DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL
PRK SWD
Design of Retaining Wall (4.0 m height from FGL/NGL)
Input Data:
fck = 2
Grade of Concrete 25 N/mm
fyk = 2
Grade of Steel 500 N/mm
Coefficient of Friction, µ = 0.55
SBC of soil qa = 200 KN/m²
(In case of seismic, allowable pressure shall be increased by 25%) = 250 KN/m²
Allowable gross capacity, qG,allow = qa + γsDf (=200+19.21x1.5) = 228.815 KN/m²
(In case of seismic, allowable pressure shall be increased by 25%)
Angle of repose φ = 29 deg

Angle of sloping sand i = 0.0 deg
Angle of external friction between wall and earthfill, assume δ = (2/3 φ) δ = 19.3 deg
Angle which earth face of the wall makes with the vertical = α = 0 deg
Ka = 1 - sin Φ
Coefficient of active earth pressure (sloping backfill) 1 + sin Φ
Ka = 0.35
Coefficient of passive earth pressure (at rest)
Kp = 2.88
Density of concrete γc = 25 KN/m³

Density of soil γs = 19.21 KN/m³
Design parameters and Levels:
Lower side ground level = 658.000 M
FGL 654.000 M
Depth of Foundation below FGL Df = 1.5 m
Height of Wall above from FGL h1 = 4.0 m
Thickness of footing Tfooting = 0.60 m
Height of wall (upto top of footing only) h0 = 4.90 m
Total height of wall (including thickness of footing) H = 5.50 m
Depth of top of footing below FGL h2 = 0.90 m
Dimensions of Retaining Wall:

Thickness of wall @ Top Ttop = 0.30 m
Thickness of wall @ Bottom Tbottom = 0.60 m
Thickness of footing Tf = 0.60 m
Length of toe Ltoe = 2.15 m
Length of heel Lheel = 4.00 m
Length of footing B = Ltoe + Tbottom + Lheel = 6.75 m
W3
W1
h1
h0
H
α
FGL/NGL
W4
W5 h2
LToe LHeel
B
W2
B
Loading:
(Pressure at Point B): (bottom of wall)
Pressure due to inside sloping sand Pe =Ka x γs x h0
:. Pe =0.35x19.21x4.9 = 32.66 KN/m²
Calculation of Force and Moment

Force acting on wall from inside soil Pa = 0.5 x Pe x h0 = 80.02 KN
Moment acting on wall at point B MB = Pa x h0/3 = 130.70 KN-m
Earth pressure coeifficients

Active earth pressure co-efficient Ka = 0.35
Passive earth pressure co-efficient Kp = 2.88
design horizontal seismic coefficient Ah = 0.510 for MCE As per Technical Specification
= 0.350 for DBE
Design vertical seismic coefficient Av = (2/3)Ah

= 0.340 for MCE
0.233 for DBE
(1±αv)cos2( φ-λ-α)/(cosλcos2αcos(δ+α+λ)) x [1/{1+{sin(φ+δ)x

Active seismic pressure coefficient Casi
sin (φ-i-λ)/(cos(α-i)xcos(δ+α+λ))}0.5]2 (Refer IS:1893-1984-clause
8.1.1)
λ = tan-1αh/(1+-αv)
λ1min = 20.834 Degree MCE
= 15.843 Degree DBE
λ2max = 28.000 Degree MCE (Value of λ kept at max
= 24.535 Degree DBE value to keep the formulae
For simplifying the calculation of dynamic earth pressure coefficient, value of β can be taken = 0 feasible)
i = 0 Degree
α = 0 Degree
Active seismic pressure coefficient Casi = 0.976 MCE
Caso = 0.705 DBE
As per clause 8.1.1.2 of IS 1893, static active pressure due to earthquake is obtained by putting αh & αv and λ = 0
Static active seismic pressure coefficient ki = 0.31
Passive seismic pressure coefficient Cpsi (1±αv)cos2( φ-λ+α)/(cosλcos2αcos(δ-α+λ)) x [1/{1-{sin(φ+δ)x

sin (φ+i-λ)/(cos(α-i)xcos(δ-α+λ))}0.5]2 (Refer IS:1893-1984-clause
8.1.2)
= 15.843 Degree DBE
λ2max = 28.000 Degree MCE
= 24.535 Degree DBE
Passive seismic pressure coefficient Cpsi = 1.487 MCE
Cpso = 2.268 DBE
As per clause 8.1.2.2 of IS 1893, static passive pressure due to earthquake is obtained by putting αh & αv and λ = 0
Static passive seismic pressure coefficient k0 = 5.602
Load Cases: Load Combination:

1. DL with pressure due to backfill soil 1.5DL
2. DL+ Pressure due to backfill + Seismic earth presure (MCE) 1.0(DL+EL) for MCE
3. DL+ Pressure due to backfill + Seismic earth presure (DBE) 1.5(DL+EL) for DBE
Table-1: Load and moment calculation for load case1
C.G. Seismic Force Overturning
Point of Stablizing
Vertical Downward Weight Distance due to self moment due Remarks
application of Pi Moment
from Toe weight, Pi to Pi
Moi=Pihi (kN- Mw = Wd
Wi (kN/m) d (m) αhWi (kN/m) hi(m)
m/m) (kN-m/m)
Wall weight (rectangular
W 1 = Ttop x h0 x γc 36.75 2.60 - - - 95.55
portion)
W 2 = B x Tf x γc 101.25 3.38 - - - 341.72 Toe & heel slab weight
W 3 = Lheelxh0x γs backfill weight (over

376.52 4.75 - - - 1788.45
heel)
W 4 = 0.5 x h0 x (Tbottom-Ttop) Wall weight (triangular

18.38 2.35 - - - 43.18
x γs portion)
W 5 = Ltoexh2x γs
37.17 1.08 39.96 backfill weight (over toe)
Total W i 570.06 - - - 2308.86
Table-2: Load and moment calculation for load case1 (MCE)

Point of Stablizing
m/m) (kN-m/m)
W 1 = Ttop x h0 x γc 36.75 2.60 18.74 3.05 57.16 95.55
portion)
W 2 = B x Tf x γc 101.25 3.38 51.64 0.3 15.49 341.72 Toe & heel slab weight

376.52 4.75 1788.45
heel)

18.38 2.35 9.37 2.23 20.93 43.18
x γs portion)
W 5 = Ltoexh2x γs
Total W i 570.06 79.75 93.59 2308.86
Table-3: Load and moment calculation for load case3 (DBE)

Point of Stablizing
m/m) (kN-m/m)
W 1 = Ttop x h0 x γc 36.75 2.60 12.86 3.05 39.23 95.55 Wall weight

376.52 4.75 1788.45
heel)
W 4 = 0.5 x h0 x (Tbottom-Ttop) backfill weight (triangular

18.38 2.35 6.43 2.23 14.36 43.18
x γs portion)
W 5 = Ltoexh2x γs
Total W i 570.06 54.73 64.23 2308.86
Overall depth of Wall, H H = 5.500 m

P'av
H
Pav
β Pah
Ht/3
LOAD CASE 1 : PRESSURE DUE TO BACKFILL
Active pressure due to backfill, PA = KaxγsxH = 36.66 kN/m2

Active Force due to Backfill, Fa = PAxH/2 = 100.82 kN/m
Active pressure due to surchage load of vehicle, PS = Kaxγsx1.2 = 8.00 kN/m2 (Refer CL 214.1 of IRC 6-
Active Force due to Backfill, FS = PSx1.2 = 9.6 kN/m 2014)
Total horizontal force, Ph1 = (Fa+Pi+FS) = 110.42 kN/m

Passive pressure due to backfill, PP = KpxγsxDf = 83.05 kN/m2
Passive Force due to Backfill, Fp = PPxDf/2 = 62.29 kN/m
Overturning moment, Mo1 (= FaxH/3 + FSx(H-0.5*1.2)) = 231.88 kN-m/m
Stability against overturning:

Overturning moment for load case1 M01 = 231.88 kN-m/m
Stablizing moment due to passive pressure Mp = FpxDf/3 = 31.14375 kN-m/m
Stablizing moment, Ms Mw = 2340.00 kN-m/m
(FS) overturning = 0.9* Ms/Mo1 = 9.08 > 2.0, Hence OK
Stability against sliding:

Sliding force, Ph1 = 110.42 kN
Resisting Force F = µ (Wi) + Fp = 378.28 kN
(FS)Sliding 0.9*F/Ph1 = 3.08 > 1.5, Hence OK
Soil pressure at footing base

Distance of vertical force from Toe Xw = Mw/Wi = 4.05 m
Stabilising Moment at heel, Mr = Wi ( B-Xw) = 1539.06 m
Resultant vertical reaction = R = Wi = 570.06 kN/m
Distance from heel Lr = (Mr + Mo1 - Mp)/R = 3.05 m
Eccentricity e = Lr - B/2 = 0.32 m < B/6
B/6 = 1.13 m

Soil pressure at footing base:
q = ΣW ( 1± 6e/B)
B
:. ρmax,GROSS = 108.48 KN/m²
:. ρmin,GROSS = 60.43 KN/m² No tension at base
LOAD CASE 2 : PRESSURE DUE TO BACKFILL+ SEISMIC (MCE) PRESSURE INCREMENT DUE TO BACKFILL AND
SURCHARGE+SEISMIC (MCE) FORCE DUE TO SELFWEIGHT
Static Active pressure due to backfill, Psoil = KixγsxH = 32.65 kN/m2

Force due to Backfill, Pa1 = PsoilxH/2 = 89.79 kN/m
Dynamic Active Seismic Force by backfill, Pa1si = CasixγsxHt2/2 = 283.58 kN/m
Dynamic force increment due to backfill, Pa2 =Pa1si - Pa1 = 193.79 kN/m
Dynamic pressure due to surchage load of vehicle, PS = Casixγsx1.2 = 22.50 kN/m2
Active Force due to Backfill, FS = PSx1.2 = 27 kN/m
Total horizontal force, Ph1 = (Pa1+Pa2+Pi+Ps) (89.79+193.79+79.75+27) = 390.33 kN/m
Static passive force, Pp1 = (1/2)xK0xγsxDf2 = 121.06 kN/m

Dynamic Passive Seismic Force by backfill, Pp1si = CpsixγsxDf2/2 = 32.14 kN/m
Dynamic force decrement due to backfill, Pp2 =Pp1-Pp1si = 88.93 kN/m
Net horizontal passive force, Ph2 = Pp1si = 32.14 kN/m
The dynamic increment shall be considered separately in addition to the static pressure and this will be considered to act at the
mid-height of the wall as per the provision of the code IS 1893.
The point of application of the dynamic decrement shall be assumed to be at an elevation 0.66H above the wall.
Overturning moment, M01 (= Pa1xH/3 + Pa2xH/2 + Moi + FSx(H-0.5*1.2)) = 923.42 kN-m/m

Counter moment due to passive pressure, M02 (= Pp1xDf/3 + Pp2x(2/3)Df) = 149.46 kN-m/m
Overturning moment M01 = 923.42 kN-m/m
Stablizing moment Mw + M02 = 2458.32 kN-m/m
(for seismic case)
Resisting Force F = µ ΣWi + Ph2 = 348.13 kN
(FS)Sliding 0.9*F/Ph1 = 0.8 < 1.0, Not OK
Shear key need to be provided:

Depth of shear key ds = 1.5 m
Total depth acting for passive pressure dt = 3 m
Passive Force due to Backfill, Fp = CpsixγsxDt2/2 = 128.54 kN/m
Resisting Force F = µ (ΣWi) + Fp = 444.53 kN
Fp
dt ds
Shear Key

Distance from heel Lr = (Mr + Mo1 - M02)/R = 4.06 m
B/6 = 1.13 m

q = ΣW ( 1± 6e/B)
B
Pressure on face of wall (Heel side) P1 = 93.91 KN/m²

Pressure on face of wall (Toe side) P2 = 102.98 KN/m²
Pmin,gross
Pmax,gross P2 P1
LOAD CASE 3 : PRESSURE DUE TO BACKFILL+ SEISMIC (OBE) PRESSURE INCREMENT DUE TO BACKFILL AND
SURCHARGE+SEISMIC (OBE) FORCE DUE TO SELFWEIGHT

2
Dynamic Active Seismic Force by backfill, Pa1si = CasoxγsxH /2 = 204.84 kN/m
Active Force due to Backfill, FS = PSx1.2 = 19.5 kN/m
Total horizontal force, Ph1 = (Pa1+Pa2+Pi+Ps) = 279.07 kN/m
2
Static passive pressure, Pp1 = (1/2)xK0xγsxDf = 121.06 kN/m
2
Dynamic Passive Seismic Force by backfill, Pp1si = Cps0xγsxDf /2 = 49.01 kN/m
Overturning moment, Mo1 (= Pa1xH/3 + Pa2xH/2 + Moi + FSx(H-0.5*1.2)) = 640.78 kN-m/m




Total depth acting for passive pressure dt = 3 m
Passive Force due to Backfill, Fp = Cps0xγsxDt2/2 = 196.06 kN/m


B/6 = 1.13 m

q = ΣW ( 1± 6e/B)
B
Pmin,gross
Pmax,gross P2 P1
Design of Toe slab

The net pressure acting on toe slab shall be obtained by reducing net upward pressure of self weight
of toe slab from gross pressure at base.
Self weight of toe slab, POT γC x Tfooting = 15 KN/m²
Case 1: OBE Governing load combination is 1.5 DL + 1.5 EL L

Net pressure acting on toe slab, Max. Pressure
1.5x100.97 - 1.5x15 = 128.96 KN/m² W2
W1
Min. Pressure
1.5x90.45 - 1.5x15 = 113.18 KN/m²
For trapezoidal area, moment shall be calculated as  2W1  W2  L

xW1  W2 x
L
Mu =  x

2  W1  W2  3
Factored Moment, Mu = 285.89 KN-m
Case 2: MCE Governing load combination is 1.0 DL + 1.0 EL

1.0x135.5 - 1.0x15 = 120.50 KN/m²
Min. Pressure
1.0x102.98 - 1.0x15 = 87.98 KN/m²
Calculation of Steel:
Area of steel required in toe slab, Ast,Required = 0.5xfck / fy x [1- sqrt{1 - (4.6 x K}] x b d
Governing Factored Moment, Mu = 285.89 KN-m
Effective Depth of Footing, d = D-(Clear Cover) - (0.5*Dia of Rebar)
Clear Cover d' = 50 mm
Dia of Rebar Φ = 20 mm
:. d = 540 mm
2
K= Mu/(fckbd ) = 0.039
Ast,Required = 1278.19 Sq.mm
Minimum area of steel required, As,min = 0.0012 b*d = 648.00 Sq.mm
Area of steel required, As,req = = 1278 Sq.mm
Required spacing will be, SRequired = (π*Ø2/4)*1000/(As,req) = 245.8 mm
Provide 20 Φ @ 140 mm c/c

Area of steel provided, Ast,Provided = (Ø2*π/4)*1000/Sprovided = 2244 Sq.mm
pt % = 100*Ast/(b*d)
pt % = 0.416 (where, b = 1000mm, unit width)
L
Shear Check
The design shear force at d distance from face of wall (towards toe) W2
W1
Shear , V = W W 
 1 2
 x L  d 
 2 
Factored shear force, Vu = 194.91 KNm/m
Nominal shear stress, τv = 0.36 N/mm2
Design shear stress, for pt % = 0.416
τc = 0.45 N/mm2 OK
Design of Heel slab
The net pressure acting on Heel slab shall be obtained by reducing net upward pressure of self weight
of heel slab plus overburden pressure of soil from gross pressure at base.
Self weight of Heel slab, = γC x Tfooting = 15 KN/m²

Soil pressure on heel slab, = γs x (H-Tfooting) = 94.129 KN/m²
Net Downward = 109.129 KN/m²
Case 1: OBE Governing load combination is 1.5 DL + 1.5 EL W1

Net pressure acting on heel slab, Min. Pressure W2
1.5x109.129 - 1.5x87.51 = 32.43 KN/m²
Max. Pressure
1.5x109.129 - 1.5x67.94 = 61.78 KN/m²
 2W1  W2  L
x W1  W2 x
L
Mu =  x
2  W1  W2  3

1.0x109.129 - 1.0x93.91 = 15.22 KN/m²
Min. Pressure
1.0x109.129 - 1.0x33.41 = 75.72 KN/m²
Effective Depth of Footing, d = D-(Clear Cover)-(0.5*Dia of Rebar)
:. d = 540 mm
K= Mu/(fckbd2) = 0.061

pt % = 100*Ast/(b*d)
Shear Check
The design shear force at d distance from face of wall (towards toe)
τc = 0.45 N/mm2 OK
Design of Wall
Calculation of Steel: Load Combination: 1.5DL
At bottom 4.90 m from top for DBE 1.5(DL+EL)
for MCE 1.0(DL+EL)
Factored Pressure
Case1: Static Earth pressure, P1 = Ka x γs x h0 = 32.66 kN/m2 48.99 kN/m2
Case2: MCE Dynamic Earth pressure, P2 = Casi x γs x h0 = 91.87 kN/m2 91.87 kN/m2
2
Case3: DBE Dynamic Earth pressure, P3 = Cas0 x γs x h0 = 66.36 kN/m 99.54 kN/m2
So, case3 is governing
Moment acting at bottom of wall (At point B), [0.5xKixγsxh02x(h0/3) + 0.5x(Caso-Ki)xγsxho2x(h0/2)] 340.13 KN-m
factored moment, Mu = (1.5x340.13) = 510.195 KN-m
Area of steel required , Ast,Required = 0.5xfck / fy x [1- sqrt{1 - (4.6 x K}] x b d
Effective thickness of wall, d = Tf-(Clear Cover)-(0.5*Dia of Rebar)
:. d = 540 mm
2
K= Mu/(fckbd ) = 0.070
Minimum area of vertical steel required, As,min = 0.0012 b*d = 648.00 Sq.mm
2
Required spacing will be, SRequired = (π*Ø /4)*1000/(As,req) = 131.8 mm

pt % = 100*Ast/(b*d)
Curtailment of bar: Ast1/Ast2 = (h1/h2)2 Ast1 = 0.5Ast2 Since, 50% of bar shall be Curtailed
this gives h1 = 0.7071*h2 [sqrt(1/2) = 0.7071]
= 3.46 m
So, upto h1 height calculated as above 50% bar can be curtailed
Minimum area of vertical steel required at outer face of wall, As,min = 0.0012 b*d = 648.00 Sq.mm
Φ = 12 mm
Minimum area of horizontal steel required, As,min = 0.002 b*d = 1080.00 Sq.mm
Φ = 16 mm
Shear Check
At d distance from bottom 4.36 m from top h' = 4.36
The design shear force at h' distance from top of wall
Shear , V = 128.72 KNm/m
Load Factor = 1.5 Since DBE is governing
τc = 0.45 N/mm2 OK
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PRK SWD
Input Data:
fck = 2
fyk = 2

Ka = 1 - sin Φ
Ka = 0.35
Kp = 2.88


W3
W1
h1
h0
H
α
FGL/NGL
W4
W5 h2
LToe LHeel
B
W2
B
Loading:
:. Pe =0.35x19.21x3.8 = 25.33 KN/m²


= 0.350 for DBE

= 0.340 for MCE
0.233 for DBE

8.1.1)
= 15.843 Degree DBE
i = 0 Degree
α = 0 Degree
Caso = 0.705 DBE

8.1.2)
= 15.843 Degree DBE
= 24.535 Degree DBE
Cpso = 2.268 DBE

Point of Stablizing
m/m) (kN-m/m)
W 1 = Ttop x h0 x γc 28.50 1.75 - - - 49.88
portion)

226.29 3.45 - - - 780.71
heel)

9.50 1.53 - - - 14.57
x γs portion)
W 5 = Ltoexh2x γs
Total W i 342.06 - - - 1000.84

Point of Stablizing
m/m) (kN-m/m)
W 1 = Ttop x h0 x γc 28.50 1.75 14.54 2.35 34.16 49.88
portion)

226.29 3.45 780.71
heel)

9.50 1.53 4.85 1.72 8.32 14.57
x γs portion)
W 5 = Ltoexh2x γs
Total W i 342.06 48.07 48.93 1000.84

Point of Stablizing
m/m) (kN-m/m)

226.29 3.45 780.71
heel)

9.50 1.53 3.33 1.72 5.71 14.57
x γs portion)
W 5 = Ltoexh2x γs
Total W i 342.06 32.99 33.58 1000.84

P'av
H
Pav
β Pah
Ht/3




(FS)Sliding 0.9*F/Ph1 = 3 > 1.5, Hence OK

B/6 = 0.83 m

q = ΣW ( 1± 6e/B)
B



(for seismic case)

Total depth acting for passive pressure dt = 2.5 m
Fp
dt ds
Shear Key

B/6 = 0.83 m

q = ΣW ( 1± 6e/B)
B

Pmin,gross
Pmax,gross P2 P1

2
2
2






B/6 = 0.83 m

q = ΣW ( 1± 6e/B)
B
Pmin,gross
Pmax,gross P2 P1
Design of Toe slab

Self weight of toe slab, POT γC x Tfooting = 11.25 KN/m²

1.5x93.04 - 1.5x11.25 = 122.69 KN/m² W2
W1
Min. Pressure
1.5x79.25 - 1.5x11.25 = 102.00 KN/m²

xW1  W2 x
L
Mu =  x

2  W1  W2  3

1.0x125.06 - 1.0x11.25 = 113.81 KN/m²
Min. Pressure
1.0x93.34 - 1.0x11.25 = 82.09 KN/m²
:. d = 392 mm
2
K= Mu/(fckbd ) = 0.030

pt % = 100*Ast/(b*d)
L
Shear Check
W1
 1 2
 x L  d 
 2 
τc = 0.44 N/mm2 OK
Design of Heel slab
Self weight of Heel slab, = γC x Tfooting = 11.25 KN/m²


1.5x84.248 - 1.5x74.32 = 14.89 KN/m²
Max. Pressure
1.5x84.248 - 1.5x43.78 = 60.70 KN/m²
 2W1  W2  L
xW1  W2 x
Mu = L
 x
2  W1  W2  3

1.0x84.248 - 1.0x82.01 = 2.24 KN/m²
Min. Pressure
1.0x84.248 - 1.0x11.77 = 72.48 KN/m²
:. d = 392 mm
K= Mu/(fckbd2) = 0.061

pt % = 100*Ast/(b*d)
Shear Check
τc = 0.44 N/mm2 OK
Design of Wall
for MCE 1.0(DL+EL)
Factored Pressure
Case3: DBE Dynamic Earth pressure, P3 = Cas0 x γs x h0 = 51.46 kN/m2 77.20 kN/m2
:. d = 442 mm
2
K= Mu/(fckbd ) = 0.049
2

pt % = 100*Ast/(b*d)
Φ = 12 mm
Φ = 12 mm
Shear Check
τc = 0.40 N/mm2 OK
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PRK SWD
Input Data:
fck = 2
fyk = 2

Ka = 1 - sin Φ
Ka = 0.35
Kp = 2.88


W3
W1
h1
h0
H
α
FGL/NGL
W4
W5 h2
LToe LHeel
B
W2
B
Loading:
:. Pe =0.35x19.21x2.95 = 19.66 KN/m²


= 0.350 for DBE

= 0.340 for MCE
0.233 for DBE

8.1.1)
= 15.843 Degree DBE
i = 0 Degree
α = 0 Degree
Caso = 0.705 DBE

8.1.2)
= 15.843 Degree DBE
= 24.535 Degree DBE
Cpso = 2.268 DBE

Point of Stablizing
m/m) (kN-m/m)
W 1 = Ttop x h0 x γc 14.75 1.45 - - - 21.39
portion)

138.84 2.78 - - - 385.28
heel)

5.53 1.30 - - - 7.19
x γs portion)
W 5 = Ltoexh2x γs
Total W i 211.02 - - - 487.00

Point of Stablizing
m/m) (kN-m/m)
W 1 = Ttop x h0 x γc 14.75 1.45 7.52 1.775 13.35 21.39
portion)

138.84 2.78 385.28
heel)

5.53 1.30 2.82 1.28 3.62 7.19
x γs portion)
W 5 = Ltoexh2x γs
Total W i 211.02 25.64 19.27 487.00

Point of Stablizing
m/m) (kN-m/m)

138.84 2.78 385.28
heel)

5.53 1.30 1.94 1.28 2.48 7.19
x γs portion)
W 5 = Ltoexh2x γs
Total W i 211.02 17.60 13.22 487.00

P'av
H
Pav
β Pah
Ht/3





B/6 = 0.67 m

q = ΣW ( 1± 6e/B)
B



(for seismic case)

Fp
dt ds
Shear Key

B/6 = 0.67 m

q = ΣW ( 1± 6e/B)
B

Pmin,gross
Pmax,gross P2 P1

2
2
2






B/6 = 0.67 m

q = ΣW ( 1± 6e/B)
B
Pmin,gross
Pmax,gross P2 P1
Design of Toe slab


1.5x61.46 - 1.5x7.5 = 80.94 KN/m² W2
W1
Min. Pressure
1.5x56.24 - 1.5x7.5 = 73.11 KN/m²

xW1  W2 x
L
Mu =  W W 
x 3
2  1 2 

1.0x83.62 - 1.0x7.5 = 76.12 KN/m²
Min. Pressure
1.0x65.1 - 1.0x7.5 = 57.60 KN/m²
:. d = 244 mm
K= Mu/(fckbd2) = 0.038

pt % = 100*Ast/(b*d)
L
Shear Check
W1
 1 2
 x L  d 
 2 
τc = 0.41 N/mm2 OK
Design of Heel slab


1.5x64.1695 - 1.5x54.71 = 14.19 KN/m²
Max. Pressure
1.5x64.1695 - 1.5x44.05 = 30.18 KN/m²
 2W1  W2  L
xW1  W2 x
Mu = L
 x
2  W1  W2  3

1.0x64.1695 - 1.0x59.7 = 4.47 KN/m²
Min. Pressure
1.0x64.1695 - 1.0x21.89 = 42.28 KN/m²
:. d = 244 mm
K= Mu/(fckbd2) = 0.060

pt % = 100*Ast/(b*d)
Shear Check
τc = 0.44 N/mm2 OK
Design of Wall
for MCE 1.0(DL+EL)
Factored Pressure
:. d = 294 mm
2
K= Mu/(fckbd ) = 0.052
2

pt % = 100*Ast/(b*d)
Φ = 10 mm
Φ = 10 mm
Shear Check
τc = 0.40 N/mm2 OK
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PRK SWD
Input Data:
fck = 2
fyk = 2
(In case of seismic, allowable pressure shall be increased by 25%) = 218.75 KN/m²
Allowable gross capacity, qG,allow = qa + γsDf (=218.75+19.21x1.2) = 241.802 KN/m²

Ka = 1 - sin Φ
Ka = 0.35
Kp = 2.88


W3
W1
h1
h0
H
α
FGL/NGL
W4
W5 h2
LToe LHeel
B
W2
B
Loading:
:. Pe =0.35x19.21x1.9 = 12.66 KN/m²


= 0.350 for DBE

= 0.340 for MCE
0.233 for DBE

8.1.1)
= 15.843 Degree DBE
i = 0 Degree
α = 0 Degree
Caso = 0.705 DBE

8.1.2)
= 15.843 Degree DBE
= 24.535 Degree DBE
Cpso = 2.268 DBE

Point of Stablizing
m/m) (kN-m/m)
W 1 = Ttop x h0 x γc 9.50 0.90 - - - 8.55
portion)

65.70 1.90 - - - 124.83
heel)

1.19 0.78 - - - 0.93
x γs portion)
W 5 = Ltoexh2x γs
Total W i 110.35 - - - 168.57

Point of Stablizing
m/m) (kN-m/m)
W 1 = Ttop x h0 x γc 9.50 0.90 4.85 1.25 6.06 8.55
portion)

65.70 1.90 124.83
heel)

1.19 0.78 0.61 0.93 0.57 0.93
x γs portion)
W 5 = Ltoexh2x γs
Total W i 110.35 16.16 8.23 168.57

Point of Stablizing
m/m) (kN-m/m)

65.70 1.90 124.83
heel)

1.19 0.78 0.42 0.93 0.39 0.93
x γs portion)
W 5 = Ltoexh2x γs
Total W i 110.35 11.09 5.65 168.57

P'av
H
Pav
β Pah
Ht/3





B/6 = 0.47 m

q = ΣW ( 1± 6e/B)
B

Dynamic force increment due to backfill, Pa2 =Pa1si - Pa1 = 31 kN/m
Total horizontal force, Ph1 = (Pa1+Pa2+Pi+Ps) (14.37+31+16.16+27) = 88.53 kN/m


(for seismic case)

Fp
dt ds
Shear Key

B/6 = 0.47 m

q = ΣW ( 1± 6e/B)
B

Pmin,gross
Pmax,gross P2 P1

2
2
2






B/6 = 0.47 m

q = ΣW ( 1± 6e/B)
B
Pmin,gross
Pmax,gross P2 P1
Design of Toe slab


1.5x50.39 - 1.5x7.5 = 64.34 KN/m² W2
W1
Min. Pressure
1.5x44.51 - 1.5x7.5 = 55.52 KN/m²

xW1  W2 x
L
Mu =  x

2  W1  W2  3

1.0x43.63 - 1.0x7.5 = 36.13 KN/m²
Min. Pressure
1.0x41.37 - 1.0x7.5 = 33.87 KN/m²
:. d = 245 mm
2
K= Mu/(fckbd ) = 0.012

pt % = 100*Ast/(b*d)
L
Shear Check
W1
 1 2
 x L  d 
 2 
τc = 0.33 N/mm2 OK
Design of Heel slab


1.5x43.999 - 1.5x42.55 = 2.17 KN/m²
Max. Pressure
1.5x43.999 - 1.5x28.43 = 23.35 KN/m²
 2W1  W2  L
xW1  W2 x
Mu = L
 x
2  W1  W2  3

1.0x43.999 - 1.0x40.62 = 3.38 KN/m²
Min. Pressure
1.0x43.999 - 1.0x35.19 = 8.81 KN/m²
:. d = 245 mm
K= Mu/(fckbd2) = 0.018

pt % = 100*Ast/(b*d)
Shear Check
τc = 0.33 N/mm2 OK
Design of Wall
for MCE 1.0(DL+EL)
Factored Pressure
2 2
Moment acting at bottom of wall (At point B), [0.5xKixγsxh0 x(h0/3) + 0.5x(Caso-Ki)xγsxho x(h0/2)] 19.83 KN-m
:. d = 195 mm
2
K= Mu/(fckbd ) = 0.031
2

pt % = 100*Ast/(b*d)
Φ = 10 mm
Φ = 10 mm
Shear Check
τc = 0.37 N/mm2 OK

Design Report of Retaining Wall

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Design Report of Retaining Wall

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DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL

CONTRACTOR KEC INTERNATIONAL LTD.

CONSULTANT LAHMEYER INTERNATIONAL / NORCONSULT

Design of Retaining Wall (4.0 m height from FGL/NGL)

Angle of repose φ = 29 deg

Coefficient of passive earth pressure (at rest)

Density of concrete γc = 25 KN/m³

Dimensions of Retaining Wall:

Calculation of Force and Moment

Moment acting on wall at point B MB = Pa x h0/3 = 130.70 KN-m

Earth pressure coeifficients

= 0.350 for DBE

Design vertical seismic coefficient Av = (2/3)Ah

0.233 for DBE

(1±αv)cos2( φ-λ-α)/(cosλcos2αcos(δ+α+λ)) x [1/{1+{sin(φ+δ)x

Passive seismic pressure coefficient Cpsi (1±αv)cos2( φ-λ+α)/(cosλcos2αcos(δ-α+λ)) x [1/{1-{sin(φ+δ)x

Load Cases: Load Combination:

W 2 = B x Tf x γc 101.25 3.38 - - - 341.72 Toe & heel slab weight

W 3 = Lheelxh0x γs backfill weight (over

W 4 = 0.5 x h0 x (Tbottom-Ttop) Wall weight (triangular

Total W i 570.06 - - - 2308.86

Table-2: Load and moment calculation for load case1 (MCE)

W 3 = Lheelxh0x γs backfill weight (over

W 4 = 0.5 x h0 x (Tbottom-Ttop) Wall weight (triangular

Total W i 570.06 79.75 93.59 2308.86

Table-3: Load and moment calculation for load case3 (DBE)

W 3 = Lheelxh0x γs backfill weight (over

W 4 = 0.5 x h0 x (Tbottom-Ttop) backfill weight (triangular

Total W i 570.06 54.73 64.23 2308.86

Overall depth of Wall, H H = 5.500 m

LOAD CASE 1 : PRESSURE DUE TO BACKFILL

Active pressure due to backfill, PA = KaxγsxH = 36.66 kN/m2

Total horizontal force, Ph1 = (Fa+Pi+FS) = 110.42 kN/m

Overturning moment, Mo1 (= FaxH/3 + FSx(H-0.5*1.2)) = 231.88 kN-m/m

Stability against overturning:

Stability against sliding:

(FS)Sliding 0.9*F/Ph1 = 3.08 > 1.5, Hence OK

Soil pressure at footing base

Soil pressure at footing base

Static Active pressure due to backfill, Psoil = KixγsxH = 32.65 kN/m2

Total horizontal force, Ph1 = (Pa1+Pa2+Pi+Ps) (89.79+193.79+79.75+27) = 390.33 kN/m

Static passive force, Pp1 = (1/2)xK0xγsxDf2 = 121.06 kN/m

Overturning moment, M01 (= Pa1xH/3 + Pa2xH/2 + Moi + FSx(H-0.5*1.2)) = 923.42 kN-m/m

(FS)Sliding 0.9*F/Ph1 = 0.8 < 1.0, Not OK

Shear key need to be provided:

Sliding force, Ph1 = 390.33 kN

Resisting Force F = µ (ΣWi) + Fp = 444.53 kN

(FS)Sliding 0.9*F/Ph1 = 1.02 > 1.0, Hence OK

Soil pressure at footing base

Soil pressure at footing base

Pressure on face of wall (Heel side) P1 = 93.91 KN/m²

Static Active pressure due to backfill, Psoil = KixγsxH = 32.65 kN/m2

Total horizontal force, Ph1 = (Pa1+Pa2+Pi+Ps) = 279.07 kN/m

Overturning moment, Mo1 (= Pa1xH/3 + Pa2xH/2 + Moi + FSx(H-0.5*1.2)) = 640.78 kN-m/m

Stability against overturning:

Stability against sliding:

(FS)Sliding 0.9*F/Ph1 = 1.18 > 1.0, Hence OK

Shear key need to be provided:

Sliding force, Ph1 = 279.07 kN

(FS)Sliding 0.9*F/Ph1 = 1.65 > 1.0, Hence OK

Soil pressure at footing base

Soil pressure at footing base

Design of Toe slab

Self weight of toe slab, POT γC x Tfooting = 15 KN/m²