Virtualization

Definition
• Virtualization is the ability to run multiple
operating systems on a single physical system
and share the underlying hardware resources*
• It is the process by which one computer hosts
the appearance of many computers.
• Virtualization is used to improve IT throughput
and costs by using physical resources as a pool
from which virtual resources can be allocated.
Virtualization Model
 Virtualization Architecture
• A Virtual machine (VM) is an isolated runtime
environment (guest OS and applications)
• Multiple virtual systems (VMs) can run on a single
physical system
 Hypervisor
• A hypervisor, a virtual machine manager/monitor (VMM),
or virtualization manager, is a program that allows
multiple operating systems to share a single hardware
host.
• Each guest operating system appears to have the host's
processor, memory, and other resources all to itself.
However, the hypervisor is actually controlling the host
processor and resources, allocating what is needed to
each operating system in turn and making sure that the
guest operating systems (called virtual machines) cannot
disrupt each other.
• There are two types of hypervisors: Type 1 and Type 2
hypervisors.
Hypervisor Types
 Type 1 hypervisors
Type 1 hypervisors

• A Type 1 hypervisor runs directly on the host machine's physical hardware, and it's
referred to as a bare-metal hypervisor; it doesn't have to load an underlying OS first.
With direct access to the underlying hardware and no other software -- such as OSes
and device drivers -- to contend with, Type 1 hypervisors are
regarded as the most efficient and best-performing hypervisors available for
enterprise computing. Hypervisors such as VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V server
and open source KVM are examples of Type 1 hypervisors.
• Hypervisors that run directly on physical hardware are also highly secure. The security
flaws and vulnerabilities that are often endemic to OSes are absent from bare-metal
hypervisors because the attack surface of the underlying OS is eliminated. This ensures
the logical isolation of every guest VM against malicious software and activity.
• In many cases, the virtualized system hosts at least one VM with an OS and
management software, which enables admins to manage the physical system using
system management tools such as Microsoft System Center.
 Type 2 Hypervisor
Type 2 hypervisors

• A Type 2 hypervisor is typically installed on top of an existing OS, and it's

called a hosted hypervisor because it relies on the host machine's pre-
existing OS to manage calls to CPU, memory, storage and network
resources. Type 2 hypervisors include Oracle VM VirtualBox, Oracle VM
Server for x86, Oracle Solaris Zones, Parallels and VMware Workstation.
• Consequently, Type 2 hypervisors are generally not used for data center
computing and are reserved for client or end-user systems -- sometimes
called client hypervisors -- where performance and security are lesser
concerns. For example, software developers might use a Type 2
hypervisor to create VMs to test a software product prior to release.
 Vendors
• VMware ESXi

• Citrix Xen

• Microsoft Hyper-V

• Redhat - KVM
 Benefits of Virtualization
• Sharing of resources helps cost reduction
• Isolation: Virtual machines are isolated from
each other as if they are physically separated
• Encapsulation: Virtual machines encapsulate a
complete computing environment
• Hardware Independence: Virtual machines run
independently of underlying hardware
• Portability: Virtual machines can be migrated
between different hosts.
 Virtualization in Cloud Computing
Cloud computing takes virtualization one step
further:
• You don’t need to own the hardware
• Resources are rented as needed from a cloud
• Various providers allow creating virtual servers:
– Choose the OS and software each instance will have
– The chosen OS will run on a large server farm
– Can instantiate more virtual servers or shut down
existing ones within minutes
• You get billed only for what you used
 What is cloud computing ?

• Cloud computing is the delivery of computing as a service

rather than a product, whereby shared resources,
software, and information are provided to computers and
other devices as a utility (like the electricity grid) over a
network (typically the Internet).
• Cloud computing is a model for enabling, convenient, on-
demand network access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources(eg. networks, servers, storage ,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned
and released with minimal management effort or service
provider interaction
Cloud computing
 Cloud Characteristics
• On demand Self service

• Broad Network access

• Resource pooling

• Rapid Elasticity

• Measured Service
Benefits of cloud computing
 Service Models

• Infrastructure as a service(IAAS)
• Platform as a service(PAAS)
• Software as a service(SAAS)
IAAS(Infrastructure as a service)
PAAS (Platform As a Service)
SAAS (Software As a Service)
Traditional Server Model
 Deployment Models

• Public cloud
Example : AWS , AZURE , etc

• Private cloud
Example Openstack

• Hybrid cloud
Combination of public and private cloud
 Cloud computing issue

• Infrastructure
• Losing control of data
• Security
• Cloud outage
• Billing models
• Performance
• SLA’s
• Legal and compliance
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