Kerala Economy

For KAS Exam

First Edition

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| Ernakulam 9995916183
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First edition

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Shabna Mol PS
S Vijay Jagadeesh

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 Contents
1. Introduction to Kerala Economy ........................................................................................................................................ 15
2. Population Profile of the State............................................................................................................................................. 15
Child Population............................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Urbanisation .................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Literacy .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Sex Ratio ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Years) ........................................................................................................................................................ 19
Density of Population................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Age Group Distribution 1961-2011 ....................................................................................................................................... 19
District-Wise Age Group Distribution ................................................................................................................................... 19
3. Agriculture ................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Land Use ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 20
Cropping Pattern ........................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Crop-Wise Analysis ....................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Rice ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Interventions to promote paddy cultivation ...................................................................................................................... 21
Coconut .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 21
Pepper ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 22
Cashew ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Plantation crops ............................................................................................................................................................................. 22
Rubber................................................................................................................................................................................................ 23
Coffee .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 23
Tea ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Cardamom ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 24
Consumption of Fertilisers and Pesticides.......................................................................................................................... 24
Collective Farming through Kudumbasree ......................................................................................................................... 24
Major Achievements of Department of Agriculture ........................................................................................................ 24
Crop Insurance Schemes ............................................................................................................................................................ 25
Under Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (RWBCIS), ............................................................. 25
State Horticulture Mission (SHM) .......................................................................................................................................... 25
Vegetable and Fruit Promotion ............................................................................................................................................... 26
Council, Kerala (VFPCK) ............................................................................................................................................................. 26
Agriculture Research and Education ..................................................................................................................................... 26
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Major achievements ..................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Kerala’s GI registration products ............................................................................................................................................ 27
Financing Agriculture .................................................................................................................................................................. 27
Long Term Rural Credit Fund (LTRCF) ................................................................................................................................ 28
Assistance from NABARD........................................................................................................................................................... 28
Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) .............................................................................................................. 28
4. Co-operative Sector.................................................................................................................................................................. 28
Consumer Co-operatives ............................................................................................................................................................ 29
Formation of Kerala Bank .......................................................................................................................................................... 29
Advantages of Kerala Bank ........................................................................................................................................................ 30
5. Livestock....................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Contribution to the National and State Economy ............................................................................................................ 31
Livestock Population .................................................................................................................................................................... 31
Employment in Livestock Sector............................................................................................................................................. 31
20th Livestock Census ................................................................................................................................................................. 32
Major Livestock Products in Kerala ....................................................................................................................................... 32
Milk production .............................................................................................................................................................................. 32
Egg production ............................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Meat production............................................................................................................................................................................. 33
Milk Marketing................................................................................................................................................................................ 33
Feed and Fodder Base ................................................................................................................................................................. 34
Establishing Distinct Dairy Zones in the State................................................................................................................... 34
Breeding Support........................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Special Livestock Breeding Programme (SLBP) ............................................................................................................... 35
Animal Health Care ....................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Emergency veterinary service during night hours .......................................................................................................... 35
Gosamrudhi – comprehensive livestock insurance scheme ........................................................................................ 35
Production of vaccine in Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Palode ................................ 36
Physical Achievements in 2017-18 ........................................................................................................................................ 36
State Cattle Breeding Policy-2018 .......................................................................................................................................... 36
Key Initiatives in 2018-19.......................................................................................................................................................... 37
6. Fisheries ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Key Initiatives in 2018-19.......................................................................................................................................................... 39
Major Developmental Programmes ....................................................................................................................................... 39
Harbour Engineering Department and Fishing Harbours ............................................................................................ 40
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Kerala State Coastal Area Development Corporation (KSCADC) ............................................................................... 41
Social Security and Livelihood Support to Fish workers Community ..................................................................... 41
Matsyafed.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
Society for Assistance to Fisherwomen (SAF) and Women Empowerment ......................................................... 41
7. Water Resources ....................................................................................................................................................................... 42
Major and Medium Irrigation Projects ................................................................................................................................. 43
The Muvattupuzha Valley Irrigation Project (MVIP) ...................................................................................................... 43
Flood Damages to MVIP Canals ............................................................................................................................................... 43
Idamalayar Irrigation Project (IIP) ........................................................................................................................................ 43
Karapuzha Irrigation Project (KIP) ........................................................................................................................................ 44
Banasurasagar Irrigation Project............................................................................................................................................ 44
Kuttanad Flood Management Component .......................................................................................................................... 45
Irrigation Status ............................................................................................................................................................................. 45
Minor Irrigation ............................................................................................................................................................................. 45
8. Forestry and Wild Life ............................................................................................................................................................ 46
Productivity of Plantations ........................................................................................................................................................ 47
Human Animal Interface............................................................................................................................................................. 47
Major Forest Produce and Revenue from Forests ........................................................................................................... 47
Biodiversity Conservation and Management of Protected Areas .............................................................................. 48
Social Forestry ................................................................................................................................................................................ 48
Environment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 48
Environment Quality .................................................................................................................................................................... 49
Air Quality Monitoring ................................................................................................................................................................ 49
Biodiversity of Kerala .................................................................................................................................................................. 49
Major initiatives and activities of the Departments ........................................................................................................ 50
9. Food Security and Public Distribution System ............................................................................................................. 51
Distribution of Ration Cards ..................................................................................................................................................... 52
Subsidy Spent by GoK for Various Card Holders .............................................................................................................. 52
Anthyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) and Annapoorna Scheme (ANP)............................................................................ 53
Central Allotment of Sugar and Kerosene ........................................................................................................................... 53
District-Wise Distribution of Food Grains........................................................................................................................... 53
Kerala State Civil Supplies Corporation (Supplyco)........................................................................................................ 53
Mid-Day Meal Programme ......................................................................................................................................................... 54
10. Industries and Infrastructure ........................................................................................................................................... 54
Manufacturing................................................................................................................................................................................. 55
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Mineral-Wise Production and Revenue Collection 2017-18 ....................................................................................... 56
District-Wise Analysis of Revenue Collected from Major/Minor Minerals ........................................................... 56
Implementation of e-Governance Projects ......................................................................................................................... 57
Mineral Based Industries in Kerala ........................................................................................................................................ 57
Public Sector Undertakings ....................................................................................................................................................... 57
Public Sector Restructuring and Internal Audit Board (RIAB) ................................................................................... 57
Joint Stock Companies ................................................................................................................................................................. 57
Industrial Financing ..................................................................................................................................................................... 58
Ongoing projects initiated by KSIDC. .................................................................................................................................... 58
Major Initiatives of KSIDC Ease of Doing Business (EoDB).......................................................................................... 58
Kerala Financial Corporation (KFC) ...................................................................................................................................... 60
Kerala Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (KINFRA) .................................................................. 60
Industrial Policy 2018 ................................................................................................................................................................. 61
Vision .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 61
Objectives.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 61
Strategy and Approach ................................................................................................................................................................ 62
Agro and Food Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 62
Micro Small and Medium Enterprises ................................................................................................................................... 63
MSME Sector in Kerala ................................................................................................................................................................ 63
MSME data bank............................................................................................................................................................................. 64
Udyog Aadhar Memorandum (UAM) in the State ............................................................................................................ 64
Performance of the Sector ......................................................................................................................................................... 64
Industrial Co-operative Societies ............................................................................................................................................ 65
Mini Industrial Estates ................................................................................................................................................................ 65
Entrepreneur Support Scheme (ESS) .................................................................................................................................... 65
Draft industrial and commercial policy 2017 – MSME sector .................................................................................... 66
Financial Incentives ...................................................................................................................................................................... 66
E-Commerce Portal ....................................................................................................................................................................... 66
Price preference ............................................................................................................................................................................. 67
Dovetailing with GoI Schemes .................................................................................................................................................. 67
Kerala Institute of Entrepreneur Development (KIED)................................................................................................. 67
Vyavasaya Jalakam, Kerala MSME Geoportal ..................................................................................................................... 67
Capacity Building Programme ................................................................................................................................................. 68
Kerala-Post Disaster Needs Assessment.............................................................................................................................. 68
Departmental Interventions on Rebuild Kerala ............................................................................................................... 68
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Industrial Cluster Development .............................................................................................................................................. 68
Skill development and training institutes in Kerala........................................................................................................ 69
Kerala Academy of Skill excellence (KASE) ........................................................................................................................ 69
Kerala Institute of Labour and Employment (KILE) ....................................................................................................... 69
Promoting Entrepreneurship and Skill Development.................................................................................................... 70
Food Processing ............................................................................................................................................................................. 70
KINFRA Mega Food Park, Palakkad ....................................................................................................................................... 71
11. Traditional Industries .......................................................................................................................................................... 71
Handicraft Industry in Kerala................................................................................................................................................... 71
Kerala State Handicrafts Apex Co-operative Society (SURABHI) .............................................................................. 72
Handicrafts Development Corporation of Kerala (HDCK)............................................................................................ 72
The Kerala Artisans Development Corporation (KADCO) ............................................................................................ 72
Bamboo Industry ........................................................................................................................................................................... 72
The Kerala State Bamboo Mission (KSBM) ......................................................................................................................... 73
The Kerala State Bamboo Corporation ................................................................................................................................. 73
Physical Analysis of Major Schemes in the Handloom Sector in 2017-18 ............................................................. 76
Overall Performance of Handloom Industry in Kerala .................................................................................................. 76
Kerala State Textile Corporation Limited (KSTC) ............................................................................................................ 77
Kerala State Co-operative Textile Federation Limited (TEXFED) ............................................................................. 77
Modernisation of Co-operative Spinning Mills .................................................................................................................. 77
Powerloom Industry .................................................................................................................................................................... 78
School uniform project ................................................................................................................................................................ 78
Phase I ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 78
Phase II............................................................................................................................................................................................... 78
Phase III ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 79
Khadi and Village Industries ..................................................................................................................................................... 79
Kerala Khadi and Village Industries Board (KKVIB)....................................................................................................... 79
Budget 2018-19.............................................................................................................................................................................. 79
Kerala-Post Disaster Needs Assessment.............................................................................................................................. 80
Constraints and Strategies of Khadi and Village Industry ............................................................................................ 80
Coir Industry.................................................................................................................................................................................... 81
Kerala State Co-operative Coir Marketing Federation (COIRFED) ........................................................................... 81
National Coir Research and Management Institute (NCRMI) ..................................................................................... 82
Export of Coir and Coir Products ............................................................................................................................................ 83
Coir Udyami Yojana ...................................................................................................................................................................... 84
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Coir Vikas Yojana ........................................................................................................................................................................... 84
Mahila Coir Yojana ........................................................................................................................................................................ 84
Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 84
‘Coir Kerala’ ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
Husk Collection Scheme .............................................................................................................................................................. 85
Cashew Industry ............................................................................................................................................................................ 85
Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation (KSCDC)............................................................................................ 86
Kerala State Cashew Workers Apex Industrial Co-operative Society Ltd. (CAPEX) .......................................... 86
Kerala State Agency for the Expansion of Cashew Cultivation (KSACC) ................................................................ 87
Cashew Export Promotion Council of India (CEPCI) ...................................................................................................... 87
12. Infrastructure .......................................................................................................................................................................... 88
Transport .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 88
Road Transport Sector ................................................................................................................................................................ 89
Public Works Department (PWD) .......................................................................................................................................... 90
Kerala State Transport Project (KSTP)................................................................................................................................. 91
Kerala Road Fund Board (KRFB) ............................................................................................................................................ 92
Road Infrastructure Company Kerala Limited (RICK) ................................................................................................... 92
DRIQ Board ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 94
Post Flood Scenario in Kerala ................................................................................................................................................... 94
Automatic Driver Licensing System and Automatic Vehicle Testing System ....................................................... 95
Activities Initiated by KSRTC in 2017-18 ............................................................................................................................ 97
Policy on electric mobility ......................................................................................................................................................... 97
Vision .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 98
EV Population targets .................................................................................................................................................................. 98
Strategic Initiatives ....................................................................................................................................................................... 98
Railways ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 98
Kerala Rail Development Corporation (KRDCL) .............................................................................................................. 98
Kochi Metro Rail Project (KMRP) ........................................................................................................................................... 99
Light Metro Rail Projects at Thiruvananthapuram and Kozhikode.......................................................................... 99
Kannur International Airport Limited (KIAL) ................................................................................................................ 100
Water Transport ......................................................................................................................................................................... 100
Cargo Traffic in Major Ports of Kerala ............................................................................................................................... 101
Cargo Traffic in Cochin Port ................................................................................................................................................... 101
Ports in Kerala ............................................................................................................................................................................. 102
Cargo Traffic in Non-Major Ports of Kerala ..................................................................................................................... 102
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Kerala Inland Vessel (KIV) Rules, 2010............................................................................................................................. 102
Physical Achievement of Port Department ...................................................................................................................... 103
Harbour Engineering Department ...................................................................................................................................... 104
Hydrographic Survey Wing .................................................................................................................................................... 104
Vizhinjam International Seaport Ltd (VISL) .................................................................................................................... 104
Azhikkal Port Ltd. ....................................................................................................................................................................... 105
Kerala State Maritime Development Corporation Ltd (KSMDCL) .......................................................................... 105
Kerala Maritime Board ............................................................................................................................................................. 105
Inland Water Transport (IWT) ............................................................................................................................................. 106
Vega 120 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 107
Inland Water Authority of India (IWAI) ............................................................................................................................ 108
Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation Ltd (KSINCL) ...................................................................... 108
Nefertiti – New Cruise Vessel ................................................................................................................................................ 108
Physical Achievements of KWIL ........................................................................................................................................... 109
Energy ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 109
Power Sector in Kerala ............................................................................................................................................................. 109
Kerala State Electricity Board Limited (KSEBL) ............................................................................................................ 110
Generation ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 110
Solar Projects................................................................................................................................................................................ 110
Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) ..................................................................................................................................... 111
100 Per Cent Electrification ................................................................................................................................................... 111
Restructured-Accelerated Power Development and Reform Programme (R-APDRP) ................................. 112
Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS) for Urban and Semi Urban Areas ........................................ 112
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyothi Yojana (DDUGJY)............................................................................................... 112
Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement .............................................................................................................................. 112
Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY) ........................................................................................................................ 112
‘Saubhagya’.................................................................................................................................................................................... 113
IT based Initiatives of KSEBL ................................................................................................................................................. 113
Innovation Projects.................................................................................................................................................................... 114
Main Achievements of KSEBL in 2017-18 ........................................................................................................................ 115
Agency for Non-Conventional Energy and Rural Technology (ANERT) .............................................................. 115
Energy Management Centre (EMC) .................................................................................................................................... 116
Filament free Kerala .................................................................................................................................................................. 117
Jagratha programme ................................................................................................................................................................. 117
Kerala State Electricity Regulatory Commission (KSERC) ........................................................................................ 118
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13. Kerala Diaspora.................................................................................................................................................................... 119
District-Wise Details of NRKs ................................................................................................................................................ 119
Santhwana ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 120
Loka Kerala Sabha ...................................................................................................................................................................... 121
Swapna Saphalyam .................................................................................................................................................................... 121
Pravasi Legal Assistance (Pravasi Legal Aid Cell) ......................................................................................................... 121
14. Kerala Model of development ........................................................................................................................................ 122
Kerala Model Development Overview ............................................................................................................................... 122
Per Capita State Income ........................................................................................................................................................... 124
Sectoral Distribution of Gross State Value Added (GSVA) ......................................................................................... 124
District-Wise GSVA .................................................................................................................................................................... 124
District-Wise Per Capita Income(GSVA) ........................................................................................................................... 125
15. Land Reforms ........................................................................................................................................................................ 125
Land Reforms in Kerala............................................................................................................................................................ 126
Tribal Land Question and Land Reforms In Kerala land reforms .......................................................................... 127
Development in Kerala ............................................................................................................................................................. 127
The Scheduled Tribes of Kerala ............................................................................................................................................ 127
Kerala Scheduled Tribes Act,1975 ...................................................................................................................................... 128
16. Social Security ...................................................................................................................................................................... 128
Gender and Development ....................................................................................................................................................... 128
Literacy and Education ............................................................................................................................................................ 129
Health Status of Women in Kerala ....................................................................................................................................... 129
Morbidity ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 129
Participation in Economy ........................................................................................................................................................ 130
Inequality in Wage Rates ......................................................................................................................................................... 131
Establishment of women and child department in Kerala ........................................................................................ 131
Crimes Against Women ............................................................................................................................................................ 132
Transgenders (TGs) in Kerala ............................................................................................................................................... 132
Nirbhaya ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 132
Gender Budgeting ....................................................................................................................................................................... 133
Impact of Flood, 2018 ............................................................................................................................................................... 134
Towards a New Awakening .................................................................................................................................................... 134
Sadhayiryam Munnottu ........................................................................................................................................................... 134
Addressing Socio-Economic Vulnerabilities ................................................................................................................... 135
Development Programmes for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes ............................................................ 136
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Programmes of Scheduled Caste Development Department ................................................................................... 136
Pooled Fund .................................................................................................................................................................................. 136
Special Central Assistance to Scheduled Caste Sub Plan (SCA to SCSP) .............................................................. 137
Programmes of Scheduled Tribes Development Department ................................................................................. 137
Flood-2018 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 137
Future Potential .......................................................................................................................................................................... 138
Special Central Assistance to Tribal Sub Plan (SCA to TSP)...................................................................................... 138
Kerala Institute for Research Training and Development Studies for SC/ST (KIRTADS) ............................ 138
Protection of Civil Rights and Enforcement of Prevention of Atrocities Act ..................................................... 138
Kerala State Development Corporation for SCs and STs ............................................................................................ 139
Welfare of Other Backward Classes .................................................................................................................................... 139
The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes Prevention of Atrocities Amendment Act, 2018 ......... 139
Kerala State Backward Classes Development Corporation (KSBCDC) ................................................................. 140
Kerala State Development Corporation for Christian Converts from Scheduled Caste and the
Recommended Communities................................................................................................................................................. 140
Welfare of Minorities ................................................................................................................................................................ 140
Kerala State Minorities Development Finance Corporation Limited .................................................................... 141
Welfare of Forward Communities (Samunnathi).......................................................................................................... 141
Perspective of the13th Five-Year Plan on SCs and STs ............................................................................................... 141
Social Security Measures ......................................................................................................................................................... 141
Categorisation of Social Security Programmes in Kerala........................................................................................... 142
Social Security Pension Schemes through Local Governments ............................................................................... 143
Welfare of Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) .................................................................................................................. 143
State Policy for Persons with Disabilities ......................................................................................................................... 143
Institutions for Empowering Persons with Disabilities ............................................................................................. 144
National Institute of Speech and Hearing (NISH) ......................................................................................................... 144
Kerala State Handicapped Persons Welfare Corporation .......................................................................................... 144
State Commissionerate for Persons with Disabilities ................................................................................................. 144
National Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (NIPMR) .................................................................. 144
Programmes for Persons with Disabilities ...................................................................................................................... 144
Issuing Disability Certificate to Differently Abled ........................................................................................................ 145
Aswasakiranam Scheme .......................................................................................................................................................... 145
Hunger Free City Scheme ........................................................................................................................................................ 145
State Initiative on Disabilities (SID).................................................................................................................................... 145
MMR Vaccination ........................................................................................................................................................................ 145

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Universal Hearing Screening ................................................................................................................................................. 145
District Early Intervention Centres ..................................................................................................................................... 145
Establishing of Special Anganwadies for Pre-school Children with Disabilities .............................................. 146
ANUYATRA-M Power ................................................................................................................................................................ 146
State Initiative on Dementia................................................................................................................................................... 146
Insight Project .............................................................................................................................................................................. 146
Transgenders (TGs) ................................................................................................................................................................... 146
Welfare of Women ..................................................................................................................................................................... 147
Scheme for transgender........................................................................................................................................................... 147
Institutions for Welfare and Empowerment of Women ............................................................................................. 147
Kerala Women’s Commission ................................................................................................................................................ 147
Kerala State Women’s Development Corporation ........................................................................................................ 148
Gender Park .................................................................................................................................................................................. 148
Programmes for the Welfare and Empowerment of Women .................................................................................. 148
Pradhan Manthri Mathru Vandana Yojana/Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana ...................................... 148
Snehasparsham ........................................................................................................................................................................... 149
Women Development Programme ...................................................................................................................................... 149
Nirbhaya Programme ............................................................................................................................................................... 149
One Stop Centre........................................................................................................................................................................... 149
Welfare of Children .................................................................................................................................................................... 149
Major Programmes on Child Protection, Care and Development........................................................................... 149
Children’s Right to Protection ............................................................................................................................................... 149
Crimes Against Children .......................................................................................................................................................... 149
Girl Child......................................................................................................................................................................................... 150
Child Marriage ............................................................................................................................................................................. 150
Child Abuse ................................................................................................................................................................................... 150
Children’s Right to Development ......................................................................................................................................... 150
Children’s Right to Survival .................................................................................................................................................... 150
Children’s Right to Participation .......................................................................................................................................... 151
Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012........................................................................... 151
Kerala State Commission for Protection of Child Rights ............................................................................................ 151
Adoption Services....................................................................................................................................................................... 151
Child Line Services ..................................................................................................................................................................... 151
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) ............................................................................................................. 151
Integrated Child Protection Scheme ................................................................................................................................... 152
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Scheme for Adolescent Girls (Erstwhile Rajeev Gandhi Scheme for Adolescent Girls)................................. 152
Cancer Suraksha and Thalolam Schemes for Child Patients..................................................................................... 152
Snehapoorvam ............................................................................................................................................................................. 152
Snehasanthwanam ..................................................................................................................................................................... 152
Our Responsibility to Children Kerala (ORC) ................................................................................................................. 153
Psycho Social Services for Adolescent Girls .................................................................................................................... 153
Cochlear Implantation in Children ...................................................................................................................................... 153
First 1,000 Days Programme for Infants in Attappadi ................................................................................................ 153
GIS Based Mother and Child Health Tracking System in Mananthawadi Block ............................................... 153
Social Support Scheme for Children Affected with Juvenile Diabetes (Mittayi) ............................................... 153
Saranabalyam............................................................................................................................................................................... 153
Vigjana Deepthi ........................................................................................................................................................................... 154
Bala Nidhi (Juvenile Justice Fund) ....................................................................................................................................... 154
Registration of Child Care Institutions in Kerala ........................................................................................................... 154
Mangalya ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 154
Welfare of Ex-Servicemen and War Widows .................................................................................................................. 154
17. Decentralized Planning ..................................................................................................................................................... 154
Major Policy Changes Initiated in the First Year of 13th Five-Year Plan............................................................. 155
Annual Plan 2018-19 ................................................................................................................................................................ 156
Silver jubilee declaration on Panchayati Raj, Thiruvananthapuram, April 25, 2018 ..................................... 157
Performance under Special Sector Plans .......................................................................................................................... 158
Strengthening of District Planning Committees (DPCs) ............................................................................................. 158
Review of Central and State Programmes Implemented by Local Governments ............................................ 158
I. Infrastructure Development .............................................................................................................................................. 159
i. Housing........................................................................................................................................................................................ 159
ii. Sanitation and Waste Management................................................................................................................................ 160
iii. Urban Infrastructure ........................................................................................................................................................... 162
iv. Rural Connectivity ................................................................................................................................................................ 162
II.Employment Generation and Livelihood Support .................................................................................................... 163
Kudumbashree ............................................................................................................................................................................ 165
18. Tourism ................................................................................................................................................................................... 167
Tourist Arrivals ........................................................................................................................................................................... 167
Foreign Tourists .......................................................................................................................................................................... 167
Source Market of Foreign Tourist Arrivals ...................................................................................................................... 167
Foreign Tourist Arrival – District-Wise............................................................................................................................. 168
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Domestic Tourists ...................................................................................................................................................................... 168
Seasonality in Domestic Tourists Arrivals ....................................................................................................................... 168
Source of Domestic Tourism .................................................................................................................................................. 168
District-Wise Arrivals of Domestic Tourists.................................................................................................................... 168
Accommodation Units in Kerala ........................................................................................................................................... 169
Economic Impact of Tourism................................................................................................................................................. 169
State Plan Outlay and Expenditure ..................................................................................................................................... 169
Jatayu earth centre project ..................................................................................................................................................... 169
Awards and Acclaims for Kerala .......................................................................................................................................... 170
Tourism .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 170
Kerala Tourism Policy 2017, highlights ............................................................................................................................ 170
National Tourism Awards ....................................................................................................................................................... 170
19. Kerala in Health and Education Sector....................................................................................................................... 171
Literacy ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 171
National Achievement Survey (NAS), 2017-18 .............................................................................................................. 171
Elementary Education .............................................................................................................................................................. 172
Physical Infrastructure and Facilities in Government Schools ................................................................................ 172
Enrolment of Students.............................................................................................................................................................. 172
Enrolment of Girls in Schools ................................................................................................................................................ 172
Dropout Rate ................................................................................................................................................................................ 173
Kerala Infrastructure and Technology for Education (KITE)................................................................................... 173
Educational Schemes ................................................................................................................................................................ 174
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA), and Samagra Shiksha
Abhiyan ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 174
Little KITES IT clubs .................................................................................................................................................................. 174
India’s largest students’ ICT network ................................................................................................................................ 174
Vocational Higher Secondary Education .......................................................................................................................... 174
Hello English, project of Sarva Siksha Abhiyan .............................................................................................................. 174
University and Higher Education ......................................................................................................................................... 175
Arts and Science Colleges ........................................................................................................................................................ 175
Enrolment of Students.............................................................................................................................................................. 175
Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe Students.................................................................................................................... 175
Sastrayan, festival of knowledge .......................................................................................................................................... 175
Kerala State Higher Education Council.............................................................................................................................. 176
Health .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 176

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AARDRAM Mission..................................................................................................................................................................... 176
Nipah Virus Disease Outbreak in Kerala 2018 ............................................................................................................... 177
e-Health Project........................................................................................................................................................................... 177
National Health Policy, 2017 ................................................................................................................................................. 177
Salient features of the National Health Policy 2017..................................................................................................... 178
State Health Policy ..................................................................................................................................................................... 178
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Targets Set by Kerala .............................................................................. 178
Major Health Problems in Kerala ......................................................................................................................................... 178
Communicable Diseases .......................................................................................................................................................... 178
Non Communicable Diseases in Kerala ............................................................................................................................. 178
Kerala COPD Prevention and Control Program – SWAAS.......................................................................................... 179
Cancer.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 179
Mental Health ............................................................................................................................................................................... 179
District Mental Health Programme (DMHP) ................................................................................................................... 180
Mental Health Scenario in Kerala – Survey by Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences .................. 180
Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) ......................................................................................................................... 181
Comprehensive Health Insurance Scheme (CHIS) ........................................................................................................ 181
Arogyakiranam ............................................................................................................................................................................ 182
Demographic Transition in Kerala ...................................................................................................................................... 182
Demographic Transition – A Comparison of Kerala and the All India Context................................................. 183
Kerala Disability Census 2015 .............................................................................................................................................. 183
Increasing Old Age Dependency........................................................................................................................................... 183
Senior Citizens as Experienced Human Resource ......................................................................................................... 183
Nutritional Considerations for the Elderly ...................................................................................................................... 184
Government’s Role in Welfare of Aged .............................................................................................................................. 184
State’s Old Age Policy, 2013 ................................................................................................................................................... 184
Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment ................................................................................................................. 184
National Policy on Senior Citizens, 2011 .......................................................................................................................... 184
The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 ........................................................... 185
Kerala Maintenance and Welfare of Senior Citizens Rules, 2008 ........................................................................... 185
Vayoshreshta Samman Award for the Aged .................................................................................................................... 185
Schemes of the Central Government Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana (RVY).............................................................. 185
Integrated Programme for Older Persons........................................................................................................................ 185
Schemes of the Government of Kerala Age Friendly Panchayat ............................................................................. 186
Vayomithram................................................................................................................................................................................ 186
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 VayoAmrutham ........................................................................................................................................................................... 186
Mandahasam ................................................................................................................................................................................ 186
Sayamprabha Home – Comprehensive Scheme for Senior Citizens ...................................................................... 186
Vayomadhuram ........................................................................................................................................................................... 187
Old Age Home and Day Care Centre.................................................................................................................................... 187
20. Kerala State Planning Board (KSPB) ........................................................................................................................... 187
Functions of State Planning Board ...................................................................................................................................... 189
Preparation of Economic Review......................................................................................................................................... 189
Formulation of Annual Plan ................................................................................................................................................... 190

Syllabus
 Economy of Kerala State-an overview, Population, Major agriculture, Industry, Service sector issues.
Insfrastructure and resources, Major Developmental Projects, Programmes and Schemes. Co-opeartive
Sector. History and relevant policies in traditional industies, IT Sector, Pravasi and Foreign remittance.

 Kerala model development – (Land reforms, Social security, devolution of Power, Decentralised
Planning, Housing, Tourism, Women Empowerment, Social Welfare Schemes, Disaster Management.
Role and Function of Kerala Planning Board, Achievements of Kerala in Health and Education Sector:
Policies, Programmes, Initiatives and Impacts.

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