WK9

(7 pages)
APRIL 2013 72013/SAM6A

Time : Three hours Maximum : 75 marks

PART A — (10 × 2 = 20 marks)

Answer any TEN questions.
Each question carries 2 marks.

1. If V is a vector space over F , prove that α 0 = 0

for every α ∈ F .
V Gߣx F &ß ÷©À J¸ vø\¯ß öÁÎ GÛÀ
G¢uöÁõ¸ α ∈ F US® α 0 = 0 GßÖ {ÖÄP.

2. If S is a nonempty subset of a vector space V ,

define the linear span of S .
S Gߣx V GßÓ vø\¯ß öÁ롧 öÁØÓÀ»õu
EmPn® GÛÀ S &ß ÷|›¯À ÷\ºUøP°ß öuõS¨¦
Áøµ¯Ö.

3. Show that the elements V1 = 1 and V2 = i are

linearly dependent over the complexes.

V1 = 1 ©ØÖ® V2 = i GßÓ EÖ¨¦PÒ ]UPÀ GsPÎß

÷©À ÷|›¯À \õº¦øh¯uõP C¸US® GßÖ {ÖÄP.

4. If dim F V = m , what is dim F Hom(V , V ) ?

dim F V = m GÛÀ dim F Hom(V , V ) &ß ©v¨¦

¯õx?
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5. If W is a subspace of a vector space V define the

annihilator of W .

W Gߣx V GßÓ vø\¯ß öÁ롧 J¸ EÒöÁÎ

GÛÀ, W &ß }UQø¯ Áøµ¯Ö.

6. Define an orthonormal set of vectors.

J¸ ö|Ô© A»S ö\[Szx vø\¯ßPÎß Pnzøu

Áøµ¯Ö.

7. Define an algebra over a field F .

F GßÓ J¸ PÍzvß ÷©À J¸ AÓ©zvß Áøµ¯øÓ

¯õx?

8. State true or false. Justify your assertion. Every

element in A (V ) which is right-invertible is
invertible.

\› AÀ»x uÁÖ GßÖ GÊxP. E[PÒ Âøhø¯

{ø»|õmkP. A (V ) &ß G¢uöÁõ¸ EÖ¨¦® Á»
÷|º©õØÓÀ Eøh¯uõP C¸¢uõÀ ÷|º©õØÓÀ
Eøh¯uõPÄ® C¸US®.

9. Let V be a finite-dimensional vector space over

F . If the rank of T , r (T ) = dim V , what can you
say about T .
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V Gߣx F &ß ÷©À •iÄÒÍ £›©õn® öPõsh

J¸ vø\¯ß öÁÎ. T &ß uµ Gs, r (T ) = dim V
GÛÀ, T &ø¯¨ £ØÔ GßÚ TÓ •i²®?

10. If T ∈ A (V ) , define a characteristic root of T .

T ∈ A (V ) GÛÀ, T &ß J¸ ]Ó¨¦ ‰»zøu Áøµ¯Ö.

11. If V is an n -dimensional vector space over F and

if T ∈ A (V ) , what can you say about the order of
m(T ) ?

V Gߣx F &ß ÷©À J¸ n &£›©õn® öPõsh J¸

vø\¯ß öÁÎ. T ∈ A (V ) GÛÀ, m(T ) &ß Ao
{ø»©® £ØÔ GßÚ TÓ •i²®?

12. Let W be a subspace of V . When do you say that

W is invariant under T ∈ A (V ) ?

W Gߣx V &ß J¸ EÒöÁÎ GßP. T ∈ A (V )

Gߣuß RÌ W Gߣx J¸ ©õØÓª»õ EÒöÁίõP
C¸US® GßÖ G¨÷£õx TÓ •i²®?
PART B — (5 × 5 = 25 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

Each question carries 5 marks.

13. Prove that if V is finite-dimensional over F then

any two bases of V have the same number of
elements.

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V Gߣx F &ß ÷©À •iÄÒÍ £›©õn®

öPõshuõP C¸¨¤ß, V &ß G¢u Cµsk
AiUPn[PЮ J÷µ GsoUøPø¯U öPõsh
EÖ¨¦PøÍU öPõsi¸US® GßÖ {ÖÄP.

14. If F is the field of real numbers, prove that the

vectors (1,1, 0, 0 ) , (0, 1, − 1, 0 ) and (0, 0, 0, 3) in
F (4 ) are linearly independent over F .

F Gߣx ö©´ö¯sPÎß PÍ®. F (4 ) &À (1,1, 0, 0 ) ,

(0, 1, − 1, 0 ) ©ØÖ® (0, 0, 0, 3) GßÓ vø\¯ßPÒ
F &ß ÷©À ÷|›¯À \õº£ØÓuõP C¸US® GßÖ
{ÖÄP.

15. If V is finite-dimensional and v ≠ 0 ∈ V , then

prove that there is an element f ∈ Vˆ such that
f (v ) ≠ 0 .

V Gߣx •iÄÒÍ £›©õn® öPõshx. v ≠ 0 ∈ V

GÛÀ f (v ) ≠ 0 GÝ©õÖ f ∈ Vˆ GßÓ J¸ EÖ¨¦
C¸US® GßÖ {ÖÄP.

16. Derive Schwarz inequality.

ìSÁõºmì \©Ûßø©ø¯ u¸Â.

17. If V is finite-dimensional over F , prove that

T ∈ A (V ) is regular if and only if T maps V onto
V.

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V Gߣx F &ß ÷©À •iÄÒÍ £›©õn® öPõshx.

T ∈ A (V ) Gߣx ÷|º©õÔhUTÔ¯uõP C¸¨£uØS
÷uøÁ¯õÚx® ÷£õx©õÚx©õÚ {£¢uøÚ
V °¼¸¢x V US ÷©Ø÷PõºzuõS® GÚ {ÖÄP.

18. If T , S ∈ A (V ) and if S is regular, prove that

T and STS −1 have the same minimal polynomial.

T , S ∈ A (V ) GßP. ÷©¾® S Gߣx ÷|º©õÔhU

TÔ¯uõP C¸¨¤ß, T ©ØÖ® STS −1 GߣÚÁØÔØS
J÷µ ]Ö© £À¾Ö¨£õß C¸US® GßÖ {ÖÄP.

19. Let V be the vector space of all polynomials over

F of degree ≤ 3 . Let D be defined by

(α 0 )
+ α1 x + α 2 x 2 + α 3 x 3 D = α1 + 2α 2 x + 3α 3 x 2 . Find
the matrix of D in the basis
v1 = 1, v2 = x , v3 = x , v4 = x .
2 3

V Gߣx F &ß ÷©À £i ≤ 3 Eøh¯ AøÚzx

£À¾Ö¨£õßPøͲ® öPõsh vø\¯ß öÁÎ.
D Gߣuß Áøµ¯øÓ
(α 0 )
+ α1 x + α 2 x 2 + α 3 x 3 D = α1 + 2α 2 x + 3α 3 x 2 .
v1 = 1, v2 = x , v3 = x 2 , v4 = x 3 GßÓ AiUPnzøu¨
ö£õÖzx D &°ß Ao°øÚU PõsP.

PART C — (3 × 10 = 30 marks)

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Answer any THREE questions.

Each question carries 10 marks.

20. Let V be a finite-dimensional vector space and W

be a subspace of V . Prove that W is finite-
dimensional, dim W ≤ dim V and
dim V / W = dim V − dim W .

V Gߣx •iÄÒÍ £›©õn® öPõsh J¸ vø\¯ß

öÁÎ. W Gߣx V &ß EÒöÁÎ. W Gߣx
•iÄÒÍ £›©õn® öPõshx GßÖ {ÖÄP. ÷©¾®
dim W ≤ dim V ©ØÖ® dim V / W = dim V − dim W
GßÖ® {ÖÄP.

21. If V and W are of dimensions m and n ,

respectively, over F , then prove that Hom(V , W )
is of dimension mn over F .

V ©ØÖ® W GߣÚÁØÔØS F &ß ÷©À

£›©õn[PÒ •øÓ÷¯ m ©ØÖ® n GÛÀ
Hom(V , W ) &US F &ß ÷©À £›©õn® mn GßÖ
{ÖÄP.

22. Prove that a finite-dimensional inner product

space has an orthonormal set as a basis.

J¸ •iÄÒÍ £›©õn® öPõsh EÒ ö£¸UPÀ

öÁÎUS J¸ ö|Ô© A»S ö\[Szx Pn® J¸
AiUPn©õP C¸US® GßÖ {ÖÄP.

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23. If A is an algebra, with unit element, over F ,

then prove that A is isomorphic to a subalgebra of
A (V ) for some vector space V over F .

A Gߣx A»S EÖ¨ø£U öPõsh , F &ß ÷©À J¸

AÓ©®. A Gߣx F &ß ÷©À EÒÍ ¯õ÷uõöÁõ¸
vø\¯ß öÁÎ V &ß A (V ) &ß J¸ EÒ AÓ©zvØS
C¯À©õÓõ©À C¸US® GßÖ {ÖÄP.

24. If T ∈ A (V ) has all its characteristic roots in F ,

then prove that there is a basis of V in which the
matrix of T is triangular.
T ∈ A (V ) Gߣuß AøÚzx ]Ó¨¦ ‰»[PЮ F &À
EÒÍÚ GÛÀ T &ß Ao •U÷Põn Ao¯õP
C¸US©õÖ V &US J¸ AiUPn® C¸US® GßÖ
{ÖÄP.

——————

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