Date: 26-08-2019

EXPERIMENT NO. 1

STRESS-STRAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCRETE USING LVDT.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the stress-strain characteristics of concrete.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Compression testing machine, LVDT (Linear variable differential

transducer), Aluminium point attached to specimen

THEORY:

LVDT is a device which produces an AC voltage output proportional to

relative displacement of the transducer. LVDT’s are fixed b/w two points
on a concrete specimen which are at a known distance apart. It act as a
secondary transducer, it is used to measure force weight and pressure. It
measures the relative displacement due to application of load from
which strain can be computed. Young’s modulus can be then computed
to establish the stress – strain relationship of concrete.

Fig 1: Linear Variable Differential Transducer

YOUNG’S MODULUS :

within linear elastic range under uniaxial loading.

Acc. to IS 456:2000,

SPECIMEN DETAILS:

TESTING PROCEDURE:

 Two pairs of aluminium gauge points are glued to the surface of the
specimen at a distance of gauge length apart on two sides of the
specimen.
 Attach LVDT’s on each pair of aluminium points on each side.
 Connect one end of LVDT to the digital display unit.
 Apply constant load through UTM.
 Note the deformation corresponding to the load increment.
 Calculate strain and corresponding stress.

𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
 Strain =
𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
 Stress =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐/𝑠

 Plot stress – strain graph and compute modulus of elasticity.

 Fig 2: Experimental setup

Fig 3: Stress-strain curve for concrete

 OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS

Load Stress Deformation Change in length

Sl.No Strain
(tonne) (MPa) (mm) (mm)
1 0 0.000 5.54 0 0
2 1 0.555 5.55 0.01 1×10-4
3 2 1.110 5.55 0.01 1×10-4
4 3 1.665 5.55 0.01 1×10-4
5 4 2.220 5.55 0.02 1×10-4
6 5 2.775 5.56 0.02 2×10-4
7 6 3.330 5.56 0.02 2×10-4
8 7 3.885 5.56 0.02 2×10-4
9 8 4.440 5.56 0.02 2×10-4
10 9 4.995 5.57 0.03 3×10-4
11 10 5.550 5.57 0.03 3×10-4
12 11 6.105 5.57 0.03 3×10-4
13 12 6.660 5.58 0.04 4×10-4
14 13 7.215 5.58 0.04 4×10-4
15 14 7.770 5.58 0.04 4×10-4
16 15 8.325 5.59 0.05 5×10-4
17 16 8.880 5.59 0.05 5×10-4
18 17 9.435 5.6 0.06 6×10-4
19 18 9.990 5.62 0.08 8×10-4
20 19 10.545 5.63 0.09 9×10-4
21 20 11.100 5.68 0.14 14×10-4
22 20.5 11.378 5.72 0.18 18×10-4
23 21 11.655 6.15 0.61 61×10-4
CALCULATIONS:

RESULT :

1. Stress – strain curve was established for concrete specimen.

2. Modulus of elasticity of specimen = MPa

INFERENCE :