ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSTY

COLLEGE OF ELECETRICAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRO-MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Final thesis project

Title: designing and simulation of automatic coffee processing machine

Group members

 Muluken Ayenew ……………………………. ETS 0848/08

 Girma Tesfaye…………………………………ETS 0510/08
 Masreshaw Waltengus………………………..ETS 0733/08
 Meklit Girma ………………………………….ETS 0751/08

Advisor name: mr. Anuar/Mitku

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Table of Contents
1. Background .............................................................................................................................. 2

2. Objective ..................................................................................................................................... 4

2.1 General Objective .................................................................................................................. 4

2.2 Specific objective .................................................................................................................. 4

3. Scope ........................................................................................................................................... 4

4. Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 5

4.1 Mechanical design ................................................................................................................. 5

4.2 Electrical control ................................................................................................................... 5

5. System design ............................................................................................................................. 6

6. Necessary material ...................................................................................................................... 7

7. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 9

List of figures

Table 1: materials needed for our project ....................................................................................... 7

List of tables

Table 1: materials needed for our project ....................................................................................... 7

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 1. Background
Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages all over the world and the second largest commodity
in trading volume. Currently, more than 70 countries produce coffee. Its origin remounts to the
mountains of Ethiopia. Its cultivation is carried out in regions of moderate temperature from
tropical and subtropical areas. More than 1,000 years ago, coffee was a goatherd in Ethiopia
southwestern highlands. It cultivated Yemen earlier, around AD 575. While, it originated in
Ethiopia, from where it traveled to the Yemen about 600 years ago, and from Arabia began its
journey around the world. Among the many legends, Kaldi, an Abyssinian goatherd, who lived
around AD 850 found the origin of coffee. It is vital to the cultural and socio-economic life of
Ethiopians and contributes 25%-30% of the country's foreign exchange, half of GDP, 90% of
exports, 85% of total employments in the country and part of the culture; about 50 % of the
produced coffee is consumed domestically. Coffee exports share of total agricultural exports up to
fourthly-three percent, eg., During the 2017/18 marketing year alone Ethiopia registered a record
almost 917 million U.S. dollars from coffee exports.

Coffee belongs to the family Rubiacea and consist more than one hundred species. Coffea arabica
L. and Coffea canephora P are the two common species of coffee. Coffea arabica L., is more
economical and it represent three quarters of the world coffee productions while Coffea canephora
P. makes the rest one quarter of world coffee production. These species vary in terms of chemical
composition. Arabica beans have good acid balance and chocolaty to flowery aroma while
Robusta coffee beans are more bitter taste and woody to earthy aroma. Arabica coffee is originated
in Ethiopia. It is cornerstone in the Ethiopian export economy and supports directly or indirectly
the livelihood of about 5% of the populations. Coffee production context and prices of the coffee
market, improvement and valorization of coffee quality could provide the coffee chain with a new
impetus. As its volume of sales depends on coffee quality, much attention should pay to quality

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improvement and maintenance. Ethiopia holds a unique position in the world as Coffea arabica L.
has its primary center of diversity in the south-western highlands of the country (figure 1). That
fact is strongly validated by observations of travelers and scientists; and more recently by several
studies using DNA-based genetic markers.

Coffee processing is the process of converting the raw fruit of the coffee plant into finished coffee
which majorly consider roasting, milling and packaging. Roasting, grinding and packaging are the
post harvesting processing after the seed separate from the remaining parts of the coffee fruit and
guarantee a good preservation of the final product. In this last case, ground coffee can be sold as
it is or used to prepare capsules or instant powder. Different types of roast can be employed, based
on several points of view and the modern technologies present as basic principle the passage of a
forced convective flow of hot gases through a moving bed of coffee beans. The beans movement
can be created by rotation or by the flow of roasting gases.

There are two ways coffee can be processed - dry ('natural') processing and wet ('fermented and
washed') processing. In most cases, wet processing is regarded as producing a higher quality
product. However, some areas prefer dry processed coffee for its 'fuller' flavor. Dry processing is
the simpler of the two methods and is popular in Brazil to process Robusta coffee and in Sri Lanka
to process Arabica coffee. In wet processing method the cherry is squeezed in a pulping machine
or pestle and mortar which removes the outer fleshy material (mesocarp and exocarp) leaving a
bean covered in mucilage. This mucilage is fermented and dispersed. The bean is washed and
dried.

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2. Objective
2.1 General Objective
 The main objective of our project is to design and implement automatic coffee roasting,
milling and packaging machine.

2.2 Specific objective

 Controlling the heating mechanism
 Developing software program for the system
 Regulating the cooling system
 Designing each component of the machine
 Interfacing the component with the software

3. Scope
The scope of our project is starting from identifying the problem up to developing
a prototype, which is used to test our machine to implement in the required area.

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 4. Methodology
4.1 Mechanical design
The Proposed mechanical design for this project is based on the principles of indirect roasting
mechanism in which a roasting machine with roasted drum far away from the heat source, ensuring
that the roasting cage is not too hot. Convection heat plays a major role in the heat transfer process
for roasting coffee. The mechanism of heat transfer and heat transfer in coffee roasting machine
plays an important role in determining the quality of coffee beans after roasting. A standard air
roaster can roast a batch of green coffee beans (beans in their natural state) in as little as six to
eight minutes, while the drum method can take upwards of 15 minutes to complete the roasting
process. This is why air-roasted beans are thought to have a more pure flavor than drum-roasted
beans. Roller grinding method will be used to grind the coffee beans into smaller particles to make
the brewing process faster, easier and tastier. In our project the mechanical modeling and 3d
simulation will be conducted using Solid works whereas thermal analysis will be analyzed using
Matlab.

4.2 Electrical control

The longer heat is applied to the coffee beans, the more flavor from the original bean is lost. The
roasting process adds new flavors and very little of the original bean flavor is retained. In order to
get the desired flavors we have to have good controlling mechanism for the roster chamber of our
machine we use microcontroller and different types of sensors to get feedback and we will use an
optimal algorism to compensate diff rent types of disturbances on our control system. At the
grinding stage we use an electric motor to power up grinding rollers here we need to control the
speed as well we will design protective circuitry to protect our motor at over loading conditions.
Above this all eventually we will come up with friendly human machine interface. In our project

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 scope all control system modeling and circuitry design will be conducted with Matlab and
Solidworks Electrical & PCB designing software. For prototyping purpose we will use easily
available microcontrollers sensors and actuators.

5. System design

Grinding Roasting

Ac DC
motor motor

Heater
Microco
ntroller

Fan

HMI

Figure 1: system design of our project

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6. Necessary material

Table 1: materials needed for our project

Quant Unit Total
Type Y Suppliers list and address Remark
ity price price

Haji Awol (0911057069)

Hemars Metal Trade
608 25 250
10 (0911517745, +251 118 53
Bearing 6000 25 250 Including vat
each 48 16)
6002 25 250
Daniel Woldeyesus
(0911 25 94 79)

Hemars Metal Trade

M12 600
2 (0911517745, +251 118 53
M10 600
Bolt with nut pack 300 48 16) Including vat
M8 600
each Daniel Woldeyesus
M6 600
(0911 25 94 79)

Hemars Metal Trade

Area=2m*1m
Aluminum sheet 2 1820 3640 (0911517745, +251 118 53 Including vat
Thickness=1mm
48 16)

Hemars Metal Trade

(0911517745, +251 118 53
Flat metal 40*40*2mm 1 450 450 48 16) Including vat
Daniel Woldeyesus
(0911 25 94 79)

Hemars Metal Trade

40*40*2 mm 1 690 690
(0911517745, +251 118 53
30*30*2 mm 1 500 500
RHS Metal 48 16) Including vat
40*20*2 mm 2 500 500
Daniel Woldeyesus
20*20*1.5 1 250 250
(0911 25 94 79)

Vector for Engineering

(0923522790),
TFT touch screen 3.2 inch 1 1400 1400 Including vat
Mos
electronics(0911664053

Vector for Engineering

(0923522790),
Motor driver L298N 1 800 800 Including vat
Mos
electronics(0911664053

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 Vector for Engineering
(0923522790),
Relay module 4 channel 2 200 400 Including vat
Mos
electronics(0911664053

Vector for Engineering

(0923522790),
Arduino Mega 1 2000 2000 Including vat
Mos
electronics(0911664053

Vector for Engineering

(0923522790),
Key pad 4x4 1 600 600 Including vat
Mos
electronics(0911664053

Vector for Engineering

Male to male 1
(0923522790),
Jumper wire Female to male pack 300 900 Including vat
Mos
Female to female each
electronics(0911664053

Vector for Engineering

(0923522790),
AC motor 220 single phase 1 1000 1000 Including vat
Mos
electronics(0911664053

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 7. Conclusion

Generally in this project developing a machine which roast, mill and pack of coffee in order to
improve the productivity of our country coffee production. Since most processes in coffee
production are performed manual with labor until this time in our country. All manual processes
are time consuming and tedious and also affects the quality of the coffee product. So the will be
developed by our will reduce/eliminate all the above mentioned problems effectively and
efficiently.