NATURAL HAZARDS,

MITIGATION,
ADAPTATION
INTRODUCTION
NATURAL HAZARDS VUNERABILITY

Events that occur as a part of the natural cycles Defines by the United Nations Office of Disaster
of Earth and may cause damage to a community. Risk Reduction-

It refers to the “characteristic and circumstances

of a community, system, or asset that make of it
The disruption of the normal functioning of a susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.”
community is called disaster.
HAZARDS CAUSED BY GEOLOGIC
PROCESS
EARTHQUAKES

a. Ground Shaking
Ground shaking or ground motion, a principal cause of the
partial or total collapse of structures, is the vibration of the
ground caused by seismic waves during an earthquake.
b. Surface Faulting
Surface faulting is the offset or tearing of the ground surface
by differential movement along a fault during an earthquake.
C. Tsunamis
Very high, large waves or seismic sea waves caused by the
sudden movement of the ocean floor.
HAZARDS CAUSED BY GEOLOGIC
PROCESS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

a. Lahars and Floods

A lahar (or mudflow) is a flowing slurry of volcanic debris and
water that originates on a volcano. The eruption of a snow-
covered volcano can melt enough snow to cause a lahar.
b. Lava Flows and Domes
Fluid lava forms long thin flows on slopes and flat-topped lava
lakes in flat areas and topographic depressions, while
viscous lava forms short stubby flows on slopes and steep-
sided domes around their vents. In either case lava flows
seldom threaten human life because they move slowly and
their path can be predicted.

Volcanic Eruption may only be predicted a week or days

before occurrence. Despite Philippines being part of the Ring
of Fire.
HAZARDS CAUSED BY GEOLOGIC
PROCESS
LANDSLIDES

Occur in a sloping terrain. It can be triggered by

rainfall or earthquake.

1. Rainfall-induced- caused by heavy rains

that can loosen soil and makes the
foundations of the structures weak.

2. Earthquake-induced- occurs during or after

an earthquake due to gravity.

Earthquakes may either be a natural occurance

or man-made.
PREVENTION MANAGEMENT of GEOLOGICAL
HAZARDS
 PREVENTION MANAGEMENT of GEOLOGICAL
HAZARDS
What to Do Before an Earthquake
Make sure you have a fire extinguisher, first
aid kit, a battery-powered radio, a
flashlight, and extra batteries at home.
Learn first aid.
Learn how to turn off the gas, water, and
electricity.
Make up a plan of where to meet your family
after an earthquake.
Don't leave heavy objects on shelves (they'll
fall during a quake).
What to Do During an Earthquake
Stay calm! If you're indoors, stay inside. If you're
outside, stay outside.
If you're indoors, stand against a wall near the center of
the building, stand in a doorway, or crawl under
heavy furniture (a desk or table). Stay away from
windows and outside doors.
If you're outdoors, stay in the open away from power
lines or anything that might fall. Stay away from
buildings (stuff might fall off the building or the
building could fall on you).
Don't use matches, candles, or any flame. Broken gas
lines and fire don't mix.
If you're in a car, stop the car and stay inside the car
PREVENTION MANAGEMENT of GEOLOGICAL
HAZARDS
What to Do After an Earthquake
Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide first
Be careful of chimneys (they may fall on you).
aid for anyone who needs it.

Stay away from beaches. Tsunamis and seiches

Check water, gas, and electric lines for damage. If
sometimes hit after the ground has stopped
any are damaged, shut off the valves. Check
shaking.
for the smell of gas. If you smell it, open all
the windows and doors, leave immediately,
and report it to the authorities (use someone Stay away from damaged areas.
else's phone).
If you're at school or work, follow the emergency
Turn on the radio. Don't use the phone unless it's an plan or the instructions of the person in
emergency. charge.

Stay out of damaged buildings. Expect aftershocks.

PREVENTION MANAGEMENT of GEOLOGICAL
HAZARDS
MANAGING VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

1. Take note of surroundings.

2. Gather all members of household.

3. Put together an emergency supply kit.

4. Put important things on containers etc.

preventing from ashfall.

5. Follow instruction of local authorities.

Volcanic activities is being watched by the-

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology or
PHILVOCS
PREVENTION MANAGEMENT of GEOLOGICAL
HAZARDS
MANAGING LANDSLIDES

1. Plant more trees. If landslides occur without warning:

2. Build channels for diversion of 1. Stay alert

mudflow
2. Be attentive
3. Put together an emergency
3. Stay away from lower elevations
supply kit.
or paths of debris
4. Put important things on
4. Take shelter under sturdy table
containers etc. preventing from
or structure.
ashfall.
Hazards caused by
Common Hydrometeorological Phenomenon
Hydrometeorologica
1. Tropical Cyclones-
l Phenomena
Typhoons (Northwest Pacific) or hurricanes (Atlantic and
FACTS: Northeast region) are storm system characterized by rapid
spiraling storms, low-pressure center, and intensely strong winds.
Intertropical Convergence Zone
Cyclones can increase the Strength of winds, which may cause
-the area that encircles the Earth near the tropical depression (45-62 km/h), storm (63-117 km/h), a typhonn
equator where trade winds meet. (118-239 km/h), and a super typhoon (240 km/h or higher).

The Philippines is in the Northern

Hemisphere, near the equator.

PAGASA or Philippine Atmospheric,

Geophysical and Astronomical Services and
Administration- the govern ment agency that
provides information on meteorological,
astronomical and climatological activities in
the Philippine territory.
 Hazards caused by Hydrometeorological
Phenomena
2. Monsoons

These are seasonal winds. The Philippines

expect two monsoons every year:

Amihan - or northeast monsoon is

characterized by cold gusty winds with little
precipitation. It begins in early Sptember -
May or June. Winds vlow in the east.

Habagat- or southwest monsoon is

characterized by hot and humid atmosphere
with fequent or heavy rainfall. It begins in
June snd Ends in August or September.
Winds blow in the west
 Hazards caused by Hydrometeorological
Phenomena
3. Tornado

Locally known as ipo-ipo. It is a rapidly swirling

condensation funnel whose narrow end comes in contact
with the ground. It usually carries debris and other objects
that can be picked up from the ground.

Tornadoes occur anywhere in an average number of 12-24

times a year.

Characterized by:

Storm

Debris

Fire
 Common
COMMON COASTAL HAZARDS:
Coastal Hazard
Coastal Erosion
Coastal areas are transition places
between land and sea. These areas Submersion
are considered low-lying. It is very
dynamic, It interacts with all Storm Surges
natural systems and proocesses
that happened on land, in the Saltwater Intrusion
marine environment and in the
atmosphere.
Coastal Erosion
-is the wearing away of land and the removal of
beach or dune sediments by wave action, tidal
currents, wave currents, drainage or high winds
(see also beach evolution).
Submersion
-s the sustainable cyclic portion of coastal erosion
where coastal sediments move from the visible
portion of a beach to the submerged near shore
region, and later return to the original visible portion of
the beach. The recovery portion of the sustainable
cycle of sediment behaviour is (accretion).

Storm Surges
-is a rise in sea level that occurs during tropical
cyclones, intensestorms also known as typhoons or
hurricanes. The storms produce strong winds that push
the water into shore, which can lead to flooding. This
makes storm surges very dangerous for coastal
regions.
Saltwater Intrusion
-Saltwater intrusion is the movement of saline water
into freshwater aquifers, which can lead to
contamination of drinking water sources and other
consequences. Saltwater intrusion occurs naturally to
some degree in most coastal aquifers, owing to the
hydraulic connection between groundwater and
seawater.
Coastal Hazard-prone areas in the PH
Local government units in areas that are ranked
extremely high in susceptibility to landslide and
flooding are advised to immediately relocate the
residents of these zones to safer areas. Especially
typhoons that can cause coastal hazards.

The figure shows the areas prone to coastal

hazard.
Prevention and Management of Marine and Coastal Hazards

1. Prepare and emergency survival

kit.

2. Create an evacuation plan.

3. Know where the evacuation

center is and how to get there.

4. Listen to news from any means.