CHAPTER III

Methodology Design

This chapter presents the method and procedure that will be applied in this study.

It was organized under the following sub-headings method and technique used, research

respondents, research instrument, validation of the instrument, data gathering procedure,

and statistical tools.

Method and Techniques Used

The researchers will gather the numerical data needed for this quantitative research

via survey questionnaires through randomly selected respondents.

Correlational study will be used in this research. A correlational study focuses on

determining if two variables have an apparent relationship. This decides whether the

variables have a negative, positive or no relation at all. By doing so, the research becomes

non-experimental (Kalla, 2018).

Survey type questions shall be used in acquiring data needed in this research.

Survey design will be utilized to help the researches plan and outline the totality of the

survey and the steps to take in order to conduct it (Sincero, 2012). Survey allows the

researchers to collect information from a randomly selected group of people. The

information to be gathered from these samples can be generalized and become a

representation of the entire population of focus (Kowalski, 2014). In this research, close

ended questions will be asked to avoid segways that may disrupt the later on research

(Karpinski, 2009).

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Research Respondents

In the study's research design, the researchers will conduct study through the grade

eleven (11) and grade twelve (12) students in the school year 2019-2020 of University of

the East (Manila) from the strand of Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM).

Those respondents use social media as their reference and source of information as 21st

century learners under the purposive sampling method. Purposive sampling method

because the samples are chosen for special. They will be chosen randomly. The Slovin’s

formula was used to determine the sample which is 111 from the population of 154.

Research Instrument

The researchers are going to use questionnaire method to quantify the focused

variables in the research. The questionnaire that will be used for the study will be

standardized which applicable to all and will validated by experts. The questions that are

being covered in the survey questionnaire will be analyzed carefully by the researchers and

experts, questions will be overview to get detailed and certain information from chosen

respondents.

The questionnaire that will be given to these respondents is a combination of the

questionnaires from different scholars. These questionnaires are from social media and

Academic Performance of Students Questionnaire (SMAAPOS) and Effects of Social

Media on Students questionnaire (EOSMOS). Those two questionnaires will be used to get

the desired information from the students. The questionnaire was divided into two sections

(A and B). Section A was for collection of information on personal data of respondents;

the name which is optional, grade and section, 1st semester average grade and hours spent

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on social media. While Section B consisted of questions that elicited responses from the

respondents with response options: Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D) and

Strongly Disagree (SD).

Before seeking for the respondents' opinion over the given statements/ questions,

there will be section which will present the respondents demographic background.

Demographic backgrounds wherein students need to fill in important information such as

their age, gender, and overall average of 2nd quarter of 1st semester.

Validation of the Instrument

The researchers used related literatures and journals as basis of choosing reliable

instruments for the study. The designed questionnaire will be submitted to the Purposive

Communication adviser for vetting, correction and approval before distributing the

questionnaires to the respondents.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will make a letter for the approval to conduct the study at

University of the East (Manila) through Mr. Mark Fabella and the approval of the grade 11

and 12 participants. After the validation, the researchers will distribute respectively the

printed copy of the questionnaires to the ABM students.

The result would hopefully be the basis for enhanced the students’ performance.

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Statistical Tool

The data that are going to be gathered from the respondents are going to be tallied

and tabulated. To determine whether there is a significant relationship among variables

such as the hours spent using social media and academic performance. The Average

Weighted Mean (X) and Pearson (r) will be distinguished in this study. On the other hand,

for the questionnaire, Likert Scale is going to be used.

Average Weighted Mean

The Average Weighted Mean will be used to determine the assessment of the

respondents with regards to their personal profiles.

𝐹𝑥
Formula: X = 𝑁

X is the weighted mean

F is the frequency

x is the weight of each item

N is the number of cases

Pearson (r)

The Pearson (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables X and Y.

It as a value between +1 and -1, where 1 is total positive linear correlation, 0 is no linear

correlation, and -1 is total negative linear correlation. The Pearson (r) is going to use the

formula below:

𝑛(∑ 𝑥𝑦)−(∑ 𝑥)(∑ 𝑦)

Formula: r =
√[𝑛 ∑ 𝑥 2 −(∑ 𝑥)2 ] [𝑛 ∑ 𝑦2 −(∑ 𝑦)2 ]

r – Pearson ( r )

n – number of respondent

x –first variable

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 y – second variable

∑ 𝑥 – Summation of the first variable

∑ 𝑦 – Summation of the second variable

∑ 𝑥𝑦 – Summation of x multiplies to y

Likert Scale

The Likert Scale is going to be used in the questionnaire and it elicited responses

from the respondents with response options:

5- Strongly Agree (SA)

4- Agree (A)

3-Neutral

2-Disagree (D)

1- Strongly Disagree (SD)