Agreement , Disagreement or Emotively Neutral Language

Report On Topic

(Agreement , Disagreement or Emotively Neutral

Language )
Submitted To:
"Maam Laila "

Submitted By:

Muhammad Asad BBAFE-17-58

Usama Farooq Rana BBFAE-17-56

Hamza Munir BBFAE-17-04

Aun Raza Naqvi BBAFE-17-19

Husnain Ali Zaidi BBFAE-17-11

Subject:

Logic

Class:
(BBA- 5th - Evening)

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 Agreement , Disagreement or Emotively Neutral Language

1. Agreement
In agreeing with an opinion you have to use the expression of the agreement
but in some case you may wish to qualify your agreement with an expression of
regret etc.

For Example

His Speech was boring. Yes I am afraid it was.

I have to agree that it was.
I must say I found it so.

2. Disagreement
Notice that you need to be very polite when disagreeing with someone in
arguments even someone you know quite well. When you deny or contradict
what someone else has stated the effect is often impolite unless the denial is
qualified in some way.

For Example

His Speech was boring. I Disagree.

I am not with you.
I can’t be along be with you.
I don’t think so.

3. Connection between Agreement and

Disagreement
 Agreement and disagreement speech acts are connected closely with the
Politeness Theory proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987) which states that
most people want their actions to be unimpeded and want their ‘wants to be
desirable to at least some others’ (Brown & Levinson 1987).

 This points out that most people want to voice out their opinions, values, and
choices in hope that these will be approved by others.

 It is during these kinds of interactions and opinions exchange that will normally
lead to agreements and disagreements between a speaker and listener.

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 Agreement , Disagreement or Emotively Neutral Language

4. Difference

Agreement Disagreement

 According to Wu (2006), agreement  In contrast, disagreement is a

is a speech act of explicitly or
implicitly expressing similar opinion
as an initiator.
 To be in agreement about
something with someone is to
believe the something that the
other person believes.
speech act of explicitly or implicitly
expressing opposition to that of an
initiator (Wu, 2006.
 To disagree with someone about
something is to believe the
negation of what the other
person believes.

 Agreement has traditionally been  Disagreement is called as the dis-

characterized as the preferred preferred response.
response to a proposition or
assessment.

 An agreement is where two or more  Disagreement is the opposite of

people concur with an opinion. For
example if I said that Wiki Answers
is a good place to ask questions
and you thought the same, we
would be in agreement.
this. For example if I said that the
world was flat and you told me that
it was round we would be
disagreeing.

For example

Suppose the matter is ‘one ought to vote for the republican party’. Then the
matter is only that. Beliefs about whether one ought to vote or note, or to vote
for the democratic party are not relevant.

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 Agreement , Disagreement or Emotively Neutral Language

5. Kinds of Agreement and Disagreement

In fact, an excessive reliance on emotively charged language can create the
appearance of disagreement between parties who do not differ on the facts at all, and it
can just as easily disguise substantive disputes under a veneer of emotive agreement.
Since the degrees of agreement in belief and attitude are independent of each other,
there are four possible combinations at work here:

1. Agreement in belief and agreement in attitude: There aren't any problems in this
instance, since both parties hold the same positions and have the same feelings
about them.
For Example

Ali is very honest. Yes, No doubt he is.

Absolutely.

2. Agreement in belief but disagreement in attitude: This case, if unnoticed, may

become the cause of endless (but pointless) shouting between people whose
feelings differ sharply about some fact upon which they are in total agreement.

For Example

Two men are planning to have dinner together. One wants to eat at a restaurant
that the other doesn’t like. The men cannot ‘agree’ on where to dine. The men
have divergent preferences and each is trying to redirect the preference of the
other- though normally, of course, each is willing to revise his own preference in
the light of what the other may say.

3. Disagreement in belief but agreement in attitude: In this situation, parties may

never recognize, much less resolve, their fundamental difference of opinion,
since they are lulled by their shared feelings into supposing themselves allied.

4. Disagreement in belief and disagreement in attitude: Here the parties have so

little in common that communication between them often breaks down entirely.
For Example
Ali is very honest. Nonsense!
I totally disagree
Not at all!

It is often valuable then to recognize the levels of agreement or disagreement at work in

any exchange of views. That wont always resolve the Dispute between two parties of
course, but it will ensure that they don’t waste their time on an inappropriate method of
argument or persuasion.

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 Agreement , Disagreement or Emotively Neutral Language

5.1 Upgraded agreements

Upgraded agreements are those in which when a statement is given by a person to
another person than the other person strongly agrees that with addition.

Example 1

Vimala:….Everybody was more concerned about their children’s safety.

Reporter: Yes, of course. The children’s safety is most important.

Example 2

Carl: …All in all I suppose that it was a pretty good two weeks, wasn’t it?
Andy: Absolutely. It was a great holiday.

Example 3

A: I thought she looked rather silly in that flowery hat, didn’t you?
B: Silly! She looked absolutely ridiculous!

5.2 Disagreements with mitigation

Disagree with opinions or arguments of others by using Hedges and Hesitations.

Expressions of Disagreements with Mitigation

Hedges Hesitations/ Pauses:

1. Er well right so… 1. Not really….
2. Hmm…well, I think so, but 2. Mmm, I’d rather
3. Mm…maybe.. 3. Actually, I don’t think

5.3 Disagreements without mitigation

Disagree with opinions, arguments or situations with complete confidence or satisfied
behavior.

Example

(A car accident occurred and a police report is being lodged at the police station).
Police: How fast were you going before you stopped?
Zarina: ….About 60km per hour.
Mr. Chee: That’s not true! I don’t agree. You were going much faster than that.
Zarina: No, I wasn’t!

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 Agreement , Disagreement or Emotively Neutral Language

6. Expressing Agreement and Disagreement

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 Agreement , Disagreement or Emotively Neutral Language

7. Methodology to Agree or Disagree

This methodology is given by or organizing an activity which is given below:

1. Materials

Data were obtained from the dialogues of the reading texts and the listening transcripts
of the course books as they were textbook representations of natural speech discourse
for teaching students about pragmatics of agreement and disagreement.

2. Data analysis procedures

Once the selected texts were collected, the first step was to identify the expressions of
agreement and disagreement in the dialogues based on Pomerantz’s (1984) turn
sequence for agreement and disagreement so as not to confuse them with other speech
acts such as assertion and criticism.

3. Findings and discussion

After analysis of data everybody has its own opinion about it .Now the arguments ,
debates and statements are done by each other and whose statement is more valid or
given with some proof or evidence will draw or set conclusion.

4. Same level agreements

In contrast, most same level agreements for example, Yeah, occurred within less formal
contexts such as during a conversation between two friends

8. Theories of Rejection in Dialogue

 A common view of dialogue is that the conversational record is part of the
COMMON GROUND of the conversant.
 As conversant A and B participate in a dialogue, A and B communicate through
dialogue speech acts such as PROPOSALS, ASSERTIONS, ACCEPTANCES
and REJECTIONS.
 If A asserts a proposition and B accepts A’s assertion, the proposition becomes a
mutual belief in the common ground. If B rejects A’s assertion or proposal, the
common ground remains as it was.
 For conversant to remain coordinated, they must monitor whether their
utterances are accepted or rejected by their conversational partners.

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 Agreement , Disagreement or Emotively Neutral Language

9. Emotively Neutral Language

 It is preferable when we are trying to get the facts or follow an argument since
our emotions often cloud our reasoning .It is considered fair, accurate and
objective.
 When our purpose is to communicate clearly (i.e., the informative use of
language), then, if we wish to avoid being misunderstood usually language
having the least emotive impact is the most useful.
 When resolving disputes or disagreements between persons, it is usually best to
try to reformulate the disagreement in neutral language. In essence, as we will
see later, we are distinguishing between the belief (i.e., factual reference) and
the attitude (the “emotional” reference) expressed by a given speaker or writer.

9.1 Emotive Language

Emotive language is the deliberate choice of words to elicit emotion (usually to

influence).

Examples of Emotive Language

Ideas can be expressed in a way that is positive or negative or welcoming or

threatening. It all depends on the words selected. Look at this example:

1. The victims were executed in cold blood.

Compare the example above to the one below, which uses non-emotive words.

2. The men were killed.

Real-Life Examples of Emotive Language

Emotive language is designed to tell you the facts while influencing you to adopt the
author's opinion. Here are examples of emotive language.

 Non-emotive version:

1. Another person in the bar was injured by the man's glass.

2. The government will reduce interest rates.
3. Mr Smith was attacked by Mr Jones for two minutes.

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 Agreement , Disagreement or Emotively Neutral Language

 Emotive version:

1. An innocent bystander suffered facial injuries when the thug launched his
glass across the bar.
2. The government will slash interest rates.
3. For what seemed a lifetime, Mr Smith was subjected to a vicious, cowardly
assault by the unemployed, steroid-pumped monster

Examples of Emotive Language Using Connotation

Emotive language can be created far more subtly than the examples above. It can also
be achieved with connotation. For example:

 He is svelte.
(positive spin)

 He is skinny.
(negative spin)

 You are meticulous.

(positive spin)

 You are nitpicking.

(negative spin)

 You are unassuming.

(positive spin)

 You are plain.

(negative spin)

10. Neutral Language

 The "neutral language" has a totally regular grammar that does not favor anyone,
a limited a-priori basic vocabulary, word-building by compounding, and phonetic
spelling.

Phonemes:

16 initial consonants (c): p b t d k g f v s z x j m n l r

5 vowels (v): i e a o u
2 diphthongs (d): ai au
8 double vowels (vv): ia, io, ea, eo, oa, oe, ua, ue
6 diphthong-vowels (dv): aia, aio, aiu, aua, aue, aui
7 final consonants (f): f s x m n l r

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 Agreement , Disagreement or Emotively Neutral Language

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