Aakash Model Test Papers Solutions XI Annually Physics PDF

Physics (Class XI) Solutions of Model Test Paper-1
Solutions
of
Model Test P aper - 1
( for School / Board Exam s)
Exams)
PHYSICS
Topics : Complete Syllabus of Class XI
Ans 1. F = m2r
= 2 × (2)2 × 1
F = 8N [1]
Ans 2. Hooke’s law states that within the elastic limit, stress developed is directly proportional to the strain
produced in a body. [1]
OR
Tensile strength is the maximum load that a material can support without fracture when being stretched
divided by the original cross-sectional area.
Ans 3. When there is relative motion between source and observer then observed frequency of the source is
different from the original frequency of source. [1]
Ans 4.
Particle 1
Particle 2
T
T 
2
2 T
 
T 2
= [1]
GMe m
Ans 5. U 
R
m = mass of the object
Me = mass of earth
R = radius of earth [1]

OR
Practical unit of power is horse power (HP). 1 HP = 746 W.
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office: Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005. Ph.011-47623456
(1)
Solutions of Model Test Paper-1 Physics (Class XI)

Ans 6. R  A2  B 2  2AB cos  [2]
 = 0°, when vector are parallel

R AB
 = 180°, when vectors are opposite to each other

R  A  B,
R A2  B 2 , when right angle to each other, cos90° = 0

OR
h
Work done by gravity in first half = mg
2
= 250 mg
Work done by gravity in second half = 250 mg
1
wg + wf = mv 2
2
wg + wf = 50 m
wf = 50m – 5000 m
wf = –4950 m
= –4950 × 2 × 10–3 = –9.9 J
Ans 7. No, for example, the centre of mass of uniform ring or L shaped uniform rod lies in the region outside the
rod. [2]
Ans 8. An ice skater can increase her angular velocity by folding her arm and bringing the leg closer to the each
other. Her moment of inertia decreases and hence angular speed increases to conserve angular
momentum. [2]
OR
I11 = I22 = L = constant
i.e. I = constant
 If I will decrease,  will increase and vice-versa
2KE
L

 KE 
2 
2KE   2 
L  
 2.
1  2KE 
=  
4  
1
L  L
4
1
Angular momentum becomes times
4
(2)
Ans 9. Heat cannot flow from a cold body to a hot body without performance of work by some external agency
is statement of second law of thermodynamics. No working of refrigerator does not violate this law as
electricity does the work to transfer heat from lower temperature to higher temperature. [2]
Ans 10. The number of independent term in the expression of energy of a molecule is called its degree of freedom.
The degree of freedom of CO is 5. It has 2 rotational, 3 translation at high temperature. We also count
vibrational degrees of freedom per axis are 2. So at high temperature the degrees of freedom of CO is 7.
It has 2 rotational, 2 vibrational and 3 translational. [2]
Ans 11. It is because when we pull a lawn roller, we apply a force in the direction of its handle which is at an angle
with the ground. So there is always a component of force normal to the ground. Thus when we pull, we
reduce the net normal acting on the ground and thus reduce the frictional force and making it easier to
pull, but when we push, we add to the normal force. [2]
OR
A cricketer moves his hands backwards while catching ball. Time of impact increases as a result, force
on hand decreases. Due to this he feels less pain in his hand. [2]
Ans 12. (a) Slope of B < Slope of A, So YB < YA [1]
(b) The material A is more elastic than material B, so material A is more ductile. [1]
Ans 13. (a) The necessary centrifugal force is provided by the friction between the table and coin. The coin will
remain at rest till the centrifugal force becomes equal to the limiting friction. [1½]
(b) As these particle are in circular motion, hence their velocities are directed tangentially to the grinding
stone. [1½]
2 2
Ans 14. (a) The moment of inertia of the hollow sphere is MR2 while of the solid sphere is MR2. When they
3 5
released from the rest over same rough inclined and the moves in pure rolling, the solid sphere will
reach the bottom earlier than hollow sphere. [1]
m1x1  m2 x2
(b) xcom 
m1  m2
2
R R
R 2  0       
2 2
= 2
R
R 2    
2
R 3
8
=
3R 2
4
R
= 
6
ycom = 0
 R 
Co-ordinate =   , 0  [2]
 6 
Ans 15. Statement: For the streamline flow of non-viscous and incompressible liquid, the sum of potential energy,
kinetic energy and pressure energy per unit volume is constant.
1 2
P v  gh  constant
2
(3)
M P2A2
L P2
P1A1
v1
h1
Let us consider the ideal liquid of density  flowing through the pipe LM of varying cross-section. Let P1
and P2 be the pressures at ends L and M and A1 and A2 be the areas of cross-section at ends L and M
respectively.
Let the liquid enter with velocity V1 and leave with velocity v2.
Let A1 > A2.
Now, by equation of continuity,
A1v1 = A2v2
Since, A1 > A2
Therefore,
v2 > v1 and P1 > P2
Let, m be the mass of liquid entering at end L in time t.
The liquid will cover a distance = v1t
Therefore, the work done by pressure on the liquid at end L in time t is,
w1 = Force × displacement
= P1A1v1t ...(ii)
Since same mass m leaves the pipe at end M is same time t, in which liquid will cover the distance given
by v2t.
Therefore, work done by liquid against the force due to pressure P1 is given by,
w2 = P2A2v2t ...(ii)
Net work done by pressure on the liquid in time t is,
w = w1 – w2
= P1A1v1t – P2A2v2t ...(iii)
This work done on liquid by pressure increases its kinetic energy and potential energy.
Increase in K.E of liquid is,
1
K  m v 22  v12  ...(iv)
2
Increase in potential energy of liquid is,
P  mg (h2  h1 ) ...(v)
According to work – energy relation,

P1A1v1t – P2A2v2t
(4)
1
= m v 22  v12   mg  h2  h1  ...(v)
2
If there is no source and sink of liquid, then mass of liquid entering at end L is equal to the mass of liquid
leaving the pipe at end M and is given by,
A1v1t = A2v2t = m
m
 A1v1t = A2v2t = ...(vii)

From equation (vi) and (vii), we have
m m
P1  P2
 
1
= m v 22  v12   mg  h2  h1 
2
That is,
P 1
 gh  v 2  constant [3]
 2
Ans 16. KE1 = mgh = 12 mg
KE2 = 9 mg
12 mg  9 mg
KE =  100%
12 mg
1
=  100%
4
KE = 25% [3]
OR

Work = F . ds

F  2i  3 j  k

ds  2i  0 j  5k   i  2 j  5k 

ds  i  2 j

Work = ds   2i  2 j  k   i  2 j  J
= (2 + 4) J
= 6J
Ans 17. xP = 2t + 7
dxP
 2 ms1
dt
d2x
0
dt 2
aP = 0
(5)
dxQ
 6t  2
dt
d 2 xQ
 6 ms2
dt
aQ = 6 ms–2
dxR
 15t 2  8t  ms1
dt
d 2 xR
aR  1
  30t  8  ms1
dt
From the above calculation we can clearly see that acceleration of p = aP is zero, acceleration of
Q = aQ = 6ms–2 which is constant and acceleration of R = aR is time variable [3]
Ans 18. (a) No as it is simply detached from a revolving satellite, its velocity is same as orbital speed of the
satellite so it remain moving in same orbit. [2]
(b) Condition required for a geostationary satellite [1]
(i) The satellite must revolve west to east at same rotational speed as that of the earth
(ii) The orbit must be circular and in the equatorial plane to earth.
OR
Let M is the mass of earth and R is its radius. A satellite of mass m is revolving near the earth surface
as shown
r
m
R
mv 2 GmM

r r2
GM
v2 
r
GM
v 
r
When satellite is near to surface of earth then
r=R
GM
v 
R
Ans 19. Volume of the air chamber = V
Area of cross-section of the neck = a
Mass of the ball = m
(6)
The pressure inside the chamber is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Let the ball be depressed by x
units. As a result of this depression, there would be a decrease in the volume and an increase in the
pressure inside the chamber. Decrease in the volume of the air chamber, V = ax. Volumetric strain =
Change in volume/original volume
V ax
 
V V
P
Stress ax
Bulk modulus of air, B  
Strain V
In this case, stress is the increase in pressure. The negative sign indicates that pressure increases with
decrease in volume.
Bax
P
V
The restoring force acting on the ball, F = p × a
Bax
F  .a
V
Ba2
= F  x ...(i)
V
In simple harmonic motion, the equation for restoring force is:
F = –kx ...(ii)
Where, k is the spring constant
Comparing equations (i) and (ii), we get:
Ba 2
k =
V
Time period,
m
 T  2
k
Vm
= 2 [3]
Ba 2
OR
p
(a) a   y [1]
q
a = –2y
p

q
q
 T  2
p
(7)
(b) Let any time t1 the position of the particle is x from mean, v is its velocity,  is its angular speed
and A is amplitude then
1 1
KE  mv 2  mA2 2 cos2 t
2 2
1 2 1
kx  m2  A sin t 
2
PE 
2 2
1
= m2 A2 sin2 t
2
TE = KE + PE
1
= m2 A2 [cos2 t  sin2 t ]
2
1
= m2 A2 is a constant [2]
2
Ans 20. Coefficient of linear expansion ()

The coefficient of linear expansion is the change in the length of the specimen of one unit long when its
temperature is changed by one degree
1 L
= per degree celsius
L T
If L = 1m T = 1°C
The  = L
Coefficient of volume expansion ()
If the change in volume of a specimen of 1 cubic meter when its temperature is changed by one degree.
1 V

V T
T  1C V = 1 m3
 = V
Relation between  and 
Let V = L3
1 V 1 L
 3 . 3L3
V T L T
1 L
  3.
V T
 = 3 [3]
(8)
Ans 21. (a) Heat Engines: [1½]

Heat engine is a device by which a system is made to undergo a cyclic process that results in conversion
of heat to work.
(i) It consists of a working substance of the system. For example, a mixture of fuel vapour and air in a
gasoline or diesel engine or steam in a steam engine are the working substances.
(ii) The working substance goes through a cyclic consisting of several processes. In some of these
processes, it absorbs a total amount of heat Q1 from an external reservoir at some high temperature
T1.
(iii) In some other processes of the cycle, the working substance releases a total amount of heat Q2 to
an external reservoir at some lower temperature T2.
(iv) The work done (W) by the system in a cycle is transferred to the environment via some arrangement
(e.g. the working substance may be in a cylinder with a moving piston that transfers mechanical
energy to the wheels of a vehicle via a shaft. The basic features of a heat engine are schematically
represented in the figure given below.
W
Hot Q1 Q2 Cold
Reservoir Reservoir
T1 T2
(b) T2 = 0°C = 273°K

T1 = 100°C = 373°K
T2
  1
T1
273
  1
373
 = 26.8% [1½]
OR
1st law
Q = u + w
For isobaric process
CpT = CvT + RT
Cp = Cv + R
 Cp – Cv = R
Ans 22. y(k, t) = 5 × 10–3 sin(80x – 3t)
(a) A = 5 × 10–3m
2 
(b)  80   m
 40
2
(c) 3
T
2
T  s [3]
3
(9)
Ans 23. Let H1 and H2 be the heights obtained by the particle thrown at an angle  and 90 –  with the horizontal
ground.
u 2 sin2 
(a) H1 
2g
u 2 sin2  90   
H2 
2g
H1 sin2 

H1 sin2  90   
H1 sin2 
 2
 tan2  [1½]
H1 cos 
(b) Let R1 and R2 be the ranges of the particle thrown at an angle  and 90 –  with the horizontal ground
u 2 sin 2
R1 
g
u 2 sin 2  90   
R2 
g
u 2 sin 2
 R2 
g
 R1 = R2 [1½]
Ans 24. (i) [a] = T2 [1]
T2
b 
ML1T 2L
[b] = M–1T4
a  T2
 b   1 4
M T
a  2
 b   MT
(ii) Application of dimensional analysis

(a) Conversion of system of units
(b) Checking the dimensional correctness of the equation. [2]
dv
Ans 25. (a) (i) a [3]
dt
v
 dv   a. dt
u
v – u = at
v = u + at
(10)
dv
(ii) a
dt
dv ds
. a
ds dt
v
 v. dv   a. ds
a
v 2 u2
  a.s
2 2
v2 – u2 = 2.a.s
(iii) v = u + at
ds
 u  at
dt
 ds   u dt   at. dt
1 2
s  ut  at
2
(b) (v - t) graph uses [2]
(i) The area under velocity-time (v - t) graph with proper sign during a time interval given displacement
of the particle in that interval.
(ii) The slope of v - t graph at any time instant gives the acceleration of the particle at that instant.
OR
1
(a) p   v12  v 22  [3]
2
1 2 2
 1.3 120    90  
2
p = 4095 N/m2
(b) t  x 3 [2]
x t 3
x = (t – 3)2
dx
v   2 t  3
dt
When velocity is zero
2(t – 3) = 0
t = 3 s,
t  x 3
at t = 3 s,
x=0
(11)
Ans 26. (a) Consider a string clamped to a rigid supports at its ends. If the wire be plucked in the middle, the
transverse waves travels along it and get reflected from the ends. These identical waves travelling in
opposite direction gives rise to stationary waves due to boundary conditions the string vibrate in one
or more loops with certain natural frequencies. These are called normal modes
First mode of vibration: If the string is plucked in the middle and released, it vibrates in one segment
with nodes at its ends and an antinode in the middle.

L   = 2L
2
1 T
f 
2L 
Second mode of vibration: It the string is pressed in the middle and plucked at one-forth length, the
string vibrates in two segments.
2
L 
2
1 T
V 
L 
This is called second harmonic or first overtone. [2]
(b) Beats: The waxing and waning of sound due to interaction between two slightly different frequencies.
If f1 and f2 are the two frequencies, then beat of frequency
fb  f1  f2 is heard.
Beats are heard only when f1  f2  10 Hz, since persistence of hearing of our ears is 0.1s. [3]
OR
(a) Forced oscillation
Oscillation produced by an external periodic driving force are called forced oscillation.
Resonant oscillation
When the frequency of the external force equal to the natural frequency of the oscillation, the oscillation
produced are resonant oscillation. In resonant oscillation large amplitude oscillation build up.
(12)
P.E of SHM
1 2
PE  kx
2
1
= m.2 x 2
2
1
PE  m2 A2 sin t
2
PE
KE of SHM
1
KE  mv 2
2
1
m  A cos t 
2
=
2
1
= mA2 2 cos2 t
2
KE
TE = Total Energy
TE
TE = PE + KE
1 1
= m2 A2 sin2 t  m2 A2 cos2 t
2 2
1
TE  m2 A2 [3]
2
(b) x = 10 sin(20t + 45°) [2]
Amplitude = 10 m
 = angular frequency = 20 rad/s
(13)
20 10
Frequency =  Hz
2 
Initial phase = 45°
Ans 27. (a) Banking of roads: Friction is not always reliable at circular turns if the high speeds and sharp turn
are involved. To avoid dependence on the friction, the outer edge of the curved road is raised more
than the inner edge of the road to avoid the slopping of vehicle is called banking of the roads.
Assuming a vehicle of mass m is moving with velocity v on a banked road of inclination .
N cos
N

N sin 
f
Mg

From diagram, net force in vertical direction

N cos = mg + f sin
Net force in horizontal direction
mv 2
N sin + f cos =
R
v2 N sin   f cos 

Rg N cos   f sin 
f = sN and V = Vmax
Rg  s  tan  
Vmax 
1  s tan   [3]
mv 2
(b)  mg
R
v2  Rg
L.H.S
v2 = 225 m2s–2
R.H.S
= 0.6 × 50 × 10
= 300
So the car will not skid [2]
(14)
OR
N  sN
m
 
sin mg cos
mg mg
(a) 
Let at angle , the block is just to slide then

mg sin = sN
= smg cos
tan = s [2]
(b) KE = charge in KE
= Work done by all force
= mgh – mg cos. l
1 1
mv F2  mVi 2  mg l sin   mg l cos 
2 2
R.H.S
1 1 1 3
=  10  10   0.2   10  10 
2 2 2 2
= 25 – 8.66 = 16.33
1 1 2 1 1
 v F    100  16.33
2 2 2 2
vF = 12.85 ms–1 [3]

(15)
Solutions
of
Exams)
PHYSICS
Ans 1. In thermodynamic, an adiabatic process is one that occurs without transfer of heat and mass of substance
between a thermodynamic system and its surrounding [1]
OR
Process A is isothermal and process B is adiabatic
Ans 2. It is called so because it is applicable on all bodies having mass, and these bodies will be governed by
the same law. [1]
Ans 3. The substances which can be stretched to large values of strain are called elastomers, e.g. elastic tissue
of aorta. [1]
Ans 4. fb = (255 – 250) = 5Hz
Number of beats in 5 sec = 5 × 5 = 25 beats [1]
OR
No we cannot hear own words in vaccum neither our friends words. Sound need medium to propagate.
Ans 5. The castor oil will come to rest earlier as, the viscosity of the castor oil is greater than water. [1]
Ans 6. For a uniform circular motion, the speed of the object is constant, but the centripetal acceleration exist.
[2]
OR
2 2 2
v2   dv   20  20  2
a          30 
R   dt   10 
= 50 ms–2
Ans 7. The acceleration does not give direction. Only velocity of object gives direction of motion. For example when
a particle is thrown vertically upward, at the highest point of trajectory the object is at rest but the
acceleration in vertically downward. [2]
a.b
Ans 8. P 
c.d
P  a  b c  d 
    
P  a b c d 
P
 1  3  4  2 
P
= 10% [2]
(16)
l
Ans 9. (i) T  2 , the length of pendulum increases in summer and decreases in winter so time period
g
increases in summer and decreases in winter. So fast in winter and slow in summer. [1]
(ii) The specific heat capacity of water is quite high so it absorb lots of heat before boiling. [1]
Ans 10. (i) Volume of gas molecule is negligible in comparison with volume of the container. [1]
(ii) Collision between gas molecules and that between molecules and container wall is perfectly elastic.
[1]
OR
During evaporation fast moving molecules escape a liquid surface so that average kinetic energy of the
molecules left behind is decreased thus the temperature of the liquid is lowered.
Ans 11.  = mg OQ sin
 = mgx0 [2]
Load Load
Ans 12. Stress  
Area r 2
Load
1 = Stress 1 
r 2
2
1  r2 
=
2  r1 
1 < 2
L Stress
Strain = 
L Y
l1 
 1
l 2  2
l1 < l2 [2]
Ans 13. (a) u2 = 2as
(2u)2 = 2as [1½]
s
4
s
s = 4s
The stopping distance becomes 4 times.
200
(b) VA – VB =
20
200
VA + VB =
10
2VA = 30
VA = 15 ms–1
VA – VB = 10 ms–1
VB = 15 – 10 = 5 ms–1 [1½]
(17)
Ans 14. (i) I11 = I22

Relation between angular momentum (J) and rotational kinetic energy (k).
J2
k as I will decrease k will increase [1½]
2I
 as J is constant so rotational kinetic energy is not conserved.
(ii)  = I.
6 = 3.
 = 2 rad/s2
1
=  2  400
2
 = 400 rad
Work done by torque (w) = 6 × 400 = 2400 J [1½]
OR
(a) The theorem of parallel axes states the moment of inertia of a rigid body about any axis is equal to
its moment of inertia about a parallel axis through centre of mass plus the product of mass of body
and the square of the perpendicular distance between the two parallel axes. [1]
R
O C
I0 = IC + MR2
1
2
M
R
(b) C
2
1
I22 = I11 + MR2
2
I22 = MR 2  MR 2
5
7
I22  MR 2 [2]
5
2T
Ans 15. (a) P  P0  hg 
r
105  50
P = 1.1 × 105 + 1100 × 10 × 2 + 2 
0.2  103
P = 1.1 × 105 + 0.22 × 105 + 0.00005 × 105
(18)
P = (1.1 + 0.22 + 0.00005) × 105 N/m2

P = 1.22005 N/m2 [2]
(b) In case of deep water, the cross-sectional area, through which it flows, as quite large. Hence
according to equation of continuity, its velocity is small and therefore it appears to be still [1]
Ans 16. (a) [1]

v
90°
ar
In uniform circular motion angle between velocity and acceleration is 90°.
mv 2
(b) TB = mg 
R
= 0.4 × 10 + 0.4 × 2R

 = 2rps = 2 × 2 = 4 rad/sec
= 4 + 0.4 × (4)2 × 1.2
= 4 + 0.4 × 162 × 1.2 ( 2 = 10)
= 4 + 6.4 × 1.2 × 10
= 4 + 76.8 = 80.8 N
mv 2
TT =  mg
R
 76.8 – 4 = 72.4 N [2]
OR
Equation of trajectory of projectile
y

x
x = ucos. t
1 2
y  vyt  gt
2
x 1 x2
y  u sin   g 2
u cos  2 u cos2 
1 gx 2
y  x tan  
2 u 2 cos2 
y = ax – bx2 is a equation of parabola
(19)

Ans 17. w  F . dr

dr   2i  0 j  5k    i  2 j  3k 
= i  2 j  2k
w   2i  3 j  k   i  2 j  2k 
w = (2 + 6 – 2) = 6 J [3]
OR
Let the particle with speed of v mass m is moving

P  mv

P  mv
1
KE = mv 2
2
1 2 2
= m v
2m
P2
KE 
2m
P1  2m KE
P2  2m 2KE
P2  2 P1
Ans 18. Pressure wave in fundamental mode
Let L be the length of pipe and V is speed of sound in air then in fundamental mode

L  = 4L
4
V
f1 
4L
In first overtone, the pressure wave is
  3
L  L
2 4 4
(20)
3v 4L
f2  
4L 3
In second overtone
5 4L
L 
4 5
5v
f3 
4L
So
 2n  1
f  , n  1, 2, 3... [3]
4L
94  86  94  86 

Ans 19.  k  20 
2  2 
71  69  71  69 

 k  20 
t  2 
8t  90  20  70
 
4  70  20  50
7 4
t  
5 8
t = 0.7 minute = 42 sec [3]
OR
Q = mL + msT
= 1.5 × 3.34 × 105 + 1.5 × 4.18 × 103 × 25
= 5.01 × 105 + 1.57 × 105
= 6.58 × 105 J
Q = 658 kJ
R
Ans 20. M.
f

g sin
m mg cos
mg

ma = mgsin – f
2
f R  MR 2 
5
(21)
2
f  M . R
5
as rolling R = a
2
ma = mg sin – ma
5
7
ma  mg sin 
5
5
a g sin  [3]
7
Ans 21. (a) The cohesive force between the molecules of mercury is more than the adhesive force between the
molecules of mercury and those of glass. This result in the formation of a convex meniscus for the
surface of mercury.
Mercury
Glass
The adhesive force between the molecules of glass and water is more than the cohesive force between
the molecules of water. Ths result in the formation of concave meniscus for the surface of water
 water [1½]
Glass
(b) Q = A1v1 = A2v2
When the tap is closed with the finger area of tap decreases so velocity of the coming water
increases. [1½]
Ans 22. (a) While putting a body into motion we have to apply the force which should be greater than maximum
static friction called limiting friction. While to maintain a motion we need to apply the force equal to
kinetic friction, which is less than limiting friction [1½]
(b) Due to centrifugal force of rotation the water has tendency to move radially outward so it remain
sticked to the wall and does not fall [1½]
Ans 23. A perfectly inelastic collision occurs when the maximum amount of kinetic energy of a system is lost. In
such a collision the particle sticks together after collision.
u1 u1 v
m1 m2 m1 m2
Before After
Collision Collision
1 1
KEin  m1u12  m2u22 ...(i)
2 2
1
KEfinal = KEfinal   m1  m2  v 2 ...(ii)
2
Linear momentum of the system in conserved
m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1 + m2)v ...(iii)
(22)
KE = loss in energy

= KEin – KEfinal
1 m1m2 2

= 2 m  m  u1  u2  [3]
1 2
Ans 24. P
  F
f sin 
Tensile stress =
A
Asin = A
A
A 
sin 
F sin 
(a) Tensile stress = A [1½]
sin 
F sin2 
=
A
F cos 
(b) Shear stress =
A
F cos 
= A
sin 
F sin  cos  F sin2
=  [1½]
A 2A
Ans 25. (a) Orbital speed: If the speed of body, generally a planet, a natural satellite, an artificial satellite at which
it orbits around more bigger planet or star. Orbital speed of a satellite of mass m around earth in a
circular orbit is calculated as shown below. Let R is the radius and M is the mass of the earth.
r
m
R
A satellite of mass m is revolving around it in circular orbit the necessary centripetal force is obtained
by the gravitational force between earth and satellite.
v2
r
(23)
mv 2 GMm

r r2
GM
v 
r
1
v
r
(b) TEA = TEB [2½]
GMm 1 GMm
E   mv 2 
R 2 3R
1 Gm GMm
= m. 
2 3r 3R
GMm GMm
= 
R 6R
5 GMm
E  [2½]
6 R
OR
(a) It g1 is the acceleration due to gravity at a height h above the earth surface and g2 is the gravity at
a depth d below earth surface.
 2h 
g1  g  1  
 R 
 d
g2  g  1  
 R
If g1 = g2
d = 2h [1½]
(b) T12  R13
T22  R23
3
 T2   R2  2
T    R 
 1  1
=  4 3/2
T2 = 8 T1
T2 = 40 Hrs [1½]
2GM
(c) ve 
R
TEA = TEB
1 m  2GM  GMm GMm

  
2 4 R  R Rh
(24)
3 GMm GMm
 
4 R Rh
3R + 3h = 4R
3h = R
R
h= [2]
3
Ans 26. (a)  stands for atomicity of gas. When the piston moves up through a small distance dx, the work done
by the gas will be dW = PA dx = P dV
where A is the cross-sectional area of the piston and dV = A dx is the increase in the volume of the
gas. As the gas expands adiabatically and changes from the initial state (P1, V1, T1) to the final state
(P2, V2, T2). The total work done by the gas will be
V2
Wadia   PdV
V1
For an adiabatic change

PV = K or P = KV–
V2 dx
 Wadia   KV

dV
V1 Gas
V2
V 1  V2

= K V dV  K  
 1   V1
Insulating wall
V1
K 1  1 
= 1   V2  V1 
1 1  1 
=   1 KV1  KV2 
But K = P1V1 = P2V2
1   1 
 Wadia  PV
1 V  P2V2V21  
  1 1 1
1
Wadia  PV
1 1  P2V2  [2]
 1
(b) Work done in isothermal process in
 Vf 
w = nRT ln  V 
 i 
w = 1 × 8.3 × 400 ln2 = 2301.3 J
Heat absorbed Q is
Q = w + u
u = 0 as the process is isothermal
Q = w = 2301.3 J [3]
(25)
OR
(a) Consider an ideal gas closed in a cubical vessel of edge L. Also there are n molecules per unit volume.
A molecule moving with velocity (vx, vy, vz) hits the planar wall (perpendicular to x-axis) of area A. As
the collision is elastic, the molecule rebounds with the same velocity. The y and z components of
velocity do not change while the x-component reverse sign. So the velocity after the collision is (–vx,
vy, vz). The change in momentum of the molecule
y
(vx, vy, vz) Area = A
(–vx, vy, vz)
vx t
x z
= –mvx – mvx = –2mvx

The momentum imparted to the wall in each collision = 2mvx
 Number of molecules hitting wall of area A in time t
1
= Av x t × number of molecules per unit volume
2
1
= Av x t n
2
Total momentum transferred to the wall in time t is
1
p  2mv x  Av x t n  nmv x2 t
2
p
Force exerted on the wall of area A   nmv x2 A
t
Force nmv x2 A
Pressure on the wall = 
Area A
or P = nmvx2
As the molecules move with different velocities, so we replace vx2 by its average value v x2 in the above
equation.
 P  nmv x2
Again, the gas is isotropic. So the molecular velocities are almost equally distributed in different
directions. By symmetry,
v x2  v y2  v z2 
1 2
3
 1
v x  v y2  v z2  v 2
3

(26)
Where v 2 is the mean square velocity of the molecules.
1
Hence, P  nmv 2
3
Mass nm
Density of gas;     nm
Volume 1
1 2
 P  v [3]
3
 0.5 2  12   2 2
(b) Vrms  km J1 [2]
3
Vrms = 1.32 kms–1
Ans 27. (a) V   A2  x 2
V1   A2  x12
V2   A2  x22
V12  V22  2  x22  x12 
v12  v 22

x22  x22
2 x 2  x12
T   2 12 [2]
 v1  v 22
(b) (i) x = 5cos(2t + /4) [3]
3
at t  s
2
 3 
x  5 cos  2   
 2 4
 
= 5 cos 3  
 4
 5
x   5cos  m
4 2
dx
(ii) Speed =  5 sin  2t   / 4  .2
dt
 
= 10 sin  3  
 4
(27)
 10
= 10 cos 4 
2
10
= ms1
2
 5 
(iii) a = –2x = –42  
 2
20
=  2
2
OR
y(x, t) = 30sin(36t + 0.018x + /4)
36
(a) The waves is travelling wave and travelling in –ve x direction with speed =  2000 cm / s
0.018
= 20 ms–1 [2]
(b) Amplitude = 30 cm [1]
(c) The initial phase at x = 0 and t = 0

y  0,0   sin  
4

p= = 45° [1]
4
2
(d)  0.018 [1]

2
  348.8 cm
0.018
= 3.5 m

(28)
Solutions
of
Exams)
PHYSICS
Ans 1. M    F . T 
 V 
R.H.S
MLT 2 . T
=
LT 1
= [M] [1]
OR
The principle of homogeneity is that we can add, subtract and equate same dimensional quantity.
Ans 2. Surface tension generally decreases with increase in temperature i.e. adhesion increases. Hence, angle
of contact will increase [1]
Ans 3. 14 × 2 = .t
2  14

25
22 14
2 
7 25
88
 rad/sec [1]
25
OR
1 2
k I
2
k 1 2
 I   2
2 2
I
 I 
8
L = I
L = I
I
L   2
8
L
L 
4
(29)
Ans 4. PE = mgh
PE
[1]
2
1  A 1 KA2
Ans 5. PE  K  
2 2 2 4
1 2
TE  KA
2
TE
PE 
4
PE 1
 [1]
TE 4
100 T
Ans 6.   1  1
500 1000
1 T

5 1000
T = 200 K [2]
Ans 7. x = 3t2 + 7t – 9 m
dx
 6t  7 ms–1
dt
d2x
 6 ms–2 [2]
dt 2
 12  8 
Ans 8. a g
 12  8 
4
=  10  2 ms–2
20
2m1m2
T  g
m1  m2
2  12  8
=  10
20
= 96 N [2]
(30)
OR
The charge in momentum of particle is given by area under force-time graph with proper sign
1
P =  2  6  2  3   4  3
2
= 6 – 6 + 12
P = 12 Ns
 d
Ans 9. g  g 1  
 R
7 d
 1
10 R
7 d
1 
10 R
3
R d
10
d = 0.3 × 6.4 × 106 m
d = 1.92 × 106 m [2]
OR

r F
i j k
= 3 3 3
2 5 4
= i 12  15   j 12  6   k  15  6 
= i  27   6 j  21k  27i  6 j  21k
MgLS MgLC
Ans 10. L  
ASYS ACYC
YS LS . AC

YC LC . AS
4.7  4  105
=
3.0  105  3.5
18.8 188
=  [2]
10.5 105
1 A 1 2. L
Ans 11.    L
A T L2 T
1 L
= 2
L T
(31)
1 V 1 L
  3 . 3L2 .
V T L T
1 L
3
L T
 2

 3
3 = 2 [2]
Ans 12. (50)2 = 2.a.S1
(100)2 = 2.a.S2
S2
4
S1
S2 = 4 × 6 = 24 m [2]
OR
1 P2
KE1  mv 2 
2 2m
1.5P1 2
KE2 
2m
1.5 2  1
KE %   100
1
= 125%
Ans 13. Parallelogram law of vector addition
If two vector acting simultaneously at a point can be represented by both in magnitude and direction by
adjacent sides of a parallelogram drawn from a point, then the resultant vector is represented by both in
magnitude and direction by the diagonal of the parallelogram passing through the point.
Q Q
 
P

P P

Q Q

R   P  Q cos   i  Q sin  j
2
R  P  Q cos    Q sin  
2

R  P 2  Q 2 cos2 Q  2PQ cos   Q 2 sin2 
(32)

R  P 2  Q 2  2PQ cos 

When Q = 0, R P Q

When Q = 90, R  P 2  Q2 [3]
OR
Projectile: When a particle is thrown under gravity making an angle (  90°) with the horizontal. Then
it follows a parabolic path know as projectile
u sin

u cos x
Time of flight
1
Sy = UyT – ayT 2
2
Sy = 0 when reach back to same level
1
0  u sin T  g.T 2
2
2u sin 
T 
g
Range = ux. T
2u sin 
= u cos .
g
u 2 sin 2
=
g
Maximum Height
T
will be at t =
2
u sin  1 u 2 sin2 
Sy  u sin .  g.
g 2 g
u 2 sin2 
H 
2g
(33)
Ans 14. m 1m m
1m 1m
m 1m m
U = PE of system
4 Gm 2 2Gm 2

= 12  2
2
= 4 Gm2 + Gm2
= 5 Gm2
V = potential at centre
4 Gm
=  4 2 Gm [3]
 2
 
 2 
3
Ans 15. The average translational kinetic theory of a gas molecule is = kBT . Before mixing the two gases, the
2
average kinetic energy of all the molecules of the gases is
3 3
= kB n1T1  kB n2T2
2 2
3
= kB  n1T1  n2T2 
2
3
After mixing, the mean kinetic energy of both the gases = kB  n1  n2 T
2
3 3 3
Where T is the temperature of the mixture. If there is no loss, then kB  n1  n2 T  kB n1T1  kB n2T2
2 2 2
n1T1  n2T2
T  [3]
n1  n2
OR
Isothermal process
In thermodynamic system isothermal refer to a process in which system changes whether it be pressure,
volume or no of moles but temperature remain constant.
Work done in isothermal process
vf
W   p.dv
vi
PV = nRT
nRT
 P
V
(34)
vf
nRT
W   V
. dv
vi
v 
W  nRT ln  f 
 vi 
vf
= 2.303 RT log
vi
Ans 16. Let a bob of mass m, tied with string of length L is displaced by small angle Q from its equilibrium or
mean position
 L
L
mg
 = –mg sin × l
l = mg sin × L (I = mL2)
g g
 sin    
l l
sin  
g
 
l
 = –2
g

l
l
T  2
g
Time period of pendulum is independent of the mass of the bob. [3]

Ans 17. Torricelli’s theorem
If states that velocity of liquid flowing out of a narrow hole i.e. velocity of eflux at a depth h below the free
surface of liquid is v  2gh
Let consider a tank containing an ideal liquid and having an orifice at O as shown in the figure.
Assume the area of orifice is much smaller than area of tank. Then at A
(35)
hA
Q
h0
1 2 1
PA  ghA  u A  P0  gh0  u02
2 2
P0 = Pa = atmospheric pressure
uA  0 as are is large
1
V02  g  hA  h0 
2
= gh
u0  2gh [3]
OR
Say pressure inside and outside of the bubble is Pi an Po respectively. Say radius of a liquid drop is
increased from r to (r + dr)
 Change in surface area A = 4(r + dr)2 – 4r2
A = 4[(dr)2 + 2rdr]
dr  small so dr2  o
 A = 8rdr
Now W = T × A = P × 4r2
 T × 8 rdr = P × 4r2dr
2T = Pr
2T
 P 
r
2T
 excess pressure (Pi – Po) = [3]
r
Ans 18. The law of equipartition of energy
For any dynamic system in thermal equilibrium, the total energy is distributed equally amongst all the
1
degrees of freedom. The energy associated with each molecule per degree of freedom is kBT where,
2
kB is Boltzmann’s constant and T is temperature of system
For monatomic gas
Degrees of freedom f = 3
3
Specific heat = R
2
(36)
For diatomic gas

Degree of freedom f = 5
5
Specific heat = R
2
For triatomic gas
For linear triatomic gas f = 5
5
Specific heat = R
2
For nonlinear triatomic gas f = 6
Specific heat = 3R [3]
Ans 19. x(t) = 10 cos(2t + /6), at t = 0

Displacement = 10 cos
6
3
= 10 5 3 m
2
dx  
Speed V   20 sin  2t   [1]
dt  6

= 20 sin  
6
1
= 20   10 ms1 [1]
2
Acceleration

a  2 x

a  4 2 .  5 3 

a  20 32 ms2
2 = 10

a  200 3 ms2 [1]
Ans 20. f   m a  d b  k c
 k    v / v   M1LT 2 
 P 
 T 1  Ma L b M1LT 2 

c
T–1 = Ma – c [L]b + c T2c

(37)
2c = –1
1
c
2
1
b
2
1
a
2
d
f  [3]
mk
Ans 21. a is the acceleration down the inclined plane then
g sin 
a
I
1
mR 2
g sin  2
ad = a(disc) =  g sin 
1 MR 2 3
1
2 MR 2
g sin  5
as = a(solid sphere) = 2
 g sin 
2 MR 7
1
5 mR 2
g sin 
ar = a(ring) =
2
as > ad > ar
So solid sphere will reach the bottom earliest and ring will reach the bottom at the last. [3]
OR
xcm 
 dm. x
(a)
 dm
L
kx 2  x4 
L
 2
dx. x
 
0 L 3L
L
  43  
= kx 2 x  4 [1½]
 L2 dx  3 
0
0

m v  m v
1 1 2 2
(b) Vcom 
m1  m2
2  2i  j   3  i  6 j 
Vcom 
5
1
=  4i  2 j  3i  18 j 
5
1
Vcom  7i  16 j  [1½]
5
(38)
Ans 22. (a) Negative work: If a force acting on a body has a component in the opposite direction of displacement,
the work done is negative
For example when a body slides against a rough horizontal surface, its displacement is opposite to
the force of friction. The work done by friction is negative. [1½]
1
(b) KEf  KEin
10
1 1 1
mv f2  mVin2
2 10 2
1
Vf2   200  200
10
Vf  4000
Vf  20 10 ms1
= 63.25 ms–1 [1½]
–1
Ans 23. V(ms )
Vmax
t(s)
40 s 180 s 20 s
a1t1 = a2t2
2a1 = a2
Displacement = area under velocity time graph
1 1
2100  40  Vmax  Vmax  180   20  Vmax
2 2
2100 = 210 Vmax
Vmax = 10 ms–1
a1 × 40 = 10 ms–1
a1 = 0.25 ms–2
a2 = 0.5 ms–2 [3]
(39)
1 GMm
Ans 24. TEinitial  mv12 
2 2R
GM
u1 
2R
GMm GMm
TEinitial  
4R 2R
GMm
=
4R
1 GMm
TEfinal  mv 22 
2 4R
GM
u2 
4R
GMm
TEfinal  
8R
E  TEfinal  TEinitial
GMm GMm
=  
8R 4R
GMm
=
8R
KE = KEfinal – KEin
GMm GMm GMm

=  
8R 4R 8R
PE = PEfinal – PEin
GMm GMm GMm

=    [3]
4R 2R 4R
Ans 25. (a) Consider a body in a circular path of radius r with speed v. The velocity direction is tangential at any
point in the path
v2
r2 v1

r1
(40)
v
v2 v1

v  v 2  v1

v r2  r1 v
 
v r r
v
v  r
r

v v r

t r t
v v2
v  [2]
r r
100
(b) (i) Time period =
7
2 7
  2
T 100
44
  0.44 rad/sec
100
2r 2  22  12  7
Linear speed =   5.28 cms1
T 7  100
(ii) No acceleration is rotating vector its direction is changing while magnitude is constant = 2.3 cm/s2
(iii) Linear displacement = 2r × 7
= 2 × 12 × 7
= 2 × 22 × 12 = 528 cm [3]
OR

(a) Let the two mass m1 and m2 moving with velocities v1 and v 2 on the smooth horizontal floor. They

collide elastically and moves with velocities v1 and v 2 as shown
u1 u2 v1 v2
m1 m2 m1 m2
before collision

m1u1  m2 u2  m1v1  m2 v 2 ...(i)
(41)
1 1 1 1
m1u12  m2u22  m1v12  m2v 22 ...(ii)
2 2 2 2
m1u1  m2u2  m1v1

v2 
m2
from (i), (ii) and (iii)

 m  m  2m2 u2
1 2
v1    u1  m  m
 m1  m2  1 2

 m  m  2m1u1
2 1
v2    u2  m  m [2]
 m1  m2  1 2
1
(b) mv 2  F .S
2
1 mv 2
F 
2 S
1 0.04  90  90
F  
2 60  10 2
2  102  90  90
F 
60  102
F = 270 N [3]
Ans 26. (a) Bernoulli's principle
For a steady flow of a incompressible and non-viscous fluid Bernoulli’s principle states the sum of
the pressure (P), kinetic energy per unit volume (K) and potential energy per unit volume (U) remain
constant throughout the flow. As the work done on the fluid at end A in t time
W1 = P1a11t = P1V
Since the same volume passes in time t at end B, so the work done on the fluid at B is W2 =
P2a22t = P2V
Total work done will be
W1 – W2 = (P1 – P2) V
This work done contributes in changing the KE of the fluid and PE of fluid.
 Change in PE
U = gVh2 – gVh1 = gV(h2 – h1) and change in KE
1 1
K  V  22  V 12
2 2
1
= V   22  12 
2
(42)
From work energy theorem

(P1 – P2)V = K + U
1
(P1 – P2)V = V   22  12   g V  h1  h1 
2
1 2 1 2
 P1  P2   2  1  gh2  gh1
2 2
1 2 1
 P2  1  gh1  P2   22  gh2
2 2
1 2
 P   gh = constant [3]
2
T  0 59  5
(b) 
100 95  5
100
T   54
90
= 60°C [2]
OR
(a) Terminal velocity: It is the maximum constant velocity acquired by the drop while talking in a viscous
medium.
Expression
Consider a spherical ball of radius moving through a viscous liquid of density  and coefficient of
viscosity . let  be the density of the body.
Fv
B
W
4 3
W = mg = r g ...(i)
3
4 3
B= r .g ...(ii)
3
Fv = 6rv ...(iii)
4 3 4
r g  6rv  r 3 g
3 3
2r
2
   g
v 
9 
The air bubble in a medium move upward because buoyancy is greater than weight and viscous force
on the bubble. [3]
(43)
4 d 3 4 D3
(b) 27    
3 8 3 8
D
d 
3
Surface energy = Surface tension × Change in surface are a
 2 2
d  D 
= T  27  4    4   
 2 2 
= T[27d2 – D2]
 D 2 
= T  27  D 2 
 9 
= 2D2. T [2]
Ans 27. (a) Angle of friction (): The angle between the normal reaction N and the resultant of the net contact
force is called angle of friction
N
R

f F
F N
tan   
N N
tan =  [1½]
(b) Angle of repose (): The minimum angle of inclination of a plane with horizontal at which the body
placed over it just starts sliding down is called the angle of repose ().
f
N
mg cos
n
si

g
m
f = mg sin = mg cos

tan =  [1½]
(c)
a
30
(44)
a
2 kg T
8N
3a = 30 – T ...(i)
2a = T – 0.4 × 20
2a = T – 8 ...(ii)
5a = 22
 a = 4.4 ms–2 [2]
OR
M = 40 kg
(a) a = 6 m/s2 (upward)
T – mg = ma
T = m(g + a)
T = 40(10 + 6) = 640 N
T = 640 > 600
rope will break [1¼]
(b) a=4 m/s2 downward
mg – T = ma
T = m(g – a) = 40(10 – 4) = 240 N
T = 240 < 600
rope will not break [1¼]
(c) a=0
T = mg = 400 N
T = 400 < 600
(d) a = g(downward)
T = m(g – a) = 0
T = 0 < 600

(45)
Solutions
of
Exams)
PHYSICS
Ans 1. YES, it is true as at the closed end pressure is maximum [1]

Ans 2. The force between the earth and sun in attractive in nature, so the potential energy of the system is
negative [1]
Ans 3. It states that when two vector are represented by two sides of a triangle in magnitude and direction taken
in same order then third side of that triangle represents magnitude and direction of resultant of these two
vectors
RAB
B
 [1]
A
OR

| A  B || A  B |
A2 + B2 + 2ABcos = A2 + B2 – 2AB cos

cos = 0
 = 90° [1]
Ans 4. Isochoric process - In this thermodynamic process, volume of gas remains constant while temperature,
pressure and number of moles can change.
Isobaric process - In this thermodynamic process, pressure of the gas remain constant while temperature,
volume and number of moles can change. [1]
Ans 5. No Young’s modulus and energy don’t have same dimension. The dimension of energy is [E] = ML2T–2
and Young’s modulus [Y] = ML–1T–2 [1]
OR
Dimensional formula for plank’s constant
E
h   
f 
 ML2 T 2 
=  1 
 T 
= [ML2T–1] [1]
(46)
Ans 6. Slope at PV graph for isothermal process

PV = nRT = constant
dP
P V. 0
dV
dP P
 [2]
dV V
Ans 7. Tension in the cord (T) = M(g – a)
 g
= M g  
 4
3
= mg
4
3
Work done by cord =  mgd [2]
4
F
Ans 8. P Q R
F
3ma = F a=
3m
a
F P N
F – N = ma
F
N F
3
2F
N
3
2F F
 Fnet = F   [2]
3 3
Ans 9. Yield point [2]

B C F
P
A
Stress
0 Strain
Permanent
set
OR
Restoring force in exterior x
AY
F x
L
(47)
Work done in stretching it from zero to x.

x

w dw 
 0
F .dx
AY x 2
= [2]
L 2
S
Ans 10. P r A
p rp
A is aphelion P is perihelion and angular momentum is conserved in orbit
v p rp  v A rA and rA  rp
vp > vA, Hence speed of earth is greater at perihelion [2]

Ans 11. R  A  B

Vector R will be perpendicular to both A and B
i j k

R 3 1 2
2 2 4

R  i  4  4   j 12  4   k  6  2 

R  8i  8 j  8k
8i  8 j  8k i  j  k
 unit vector =  [2]
8 3 3
OR
u 2 sin 2 u 2 sin2 
R and H 
g 2g
R 2u 2 sin  cos  2g

H g. u 2 sin2 
R
 4 cot 
H
4H = Rtan [2]
Ans 12. (m1 > m2)
a
a m2
m1
(48)
 m1  m2  g
a
m1  m2
g  m1  m2 
 g
8  m1  m2 
8m1 – 8m2 = m1 + m2
7m1 = 9m2
m1 9
 [2]
m2 7
Ans 13.
F2 FR
 90°
F1
F2 sin 
tan90     F1  F2 cos 
F1  F2 cos 
F1 + F2 = 18 N
 FR 2  F12  F22  2F1F2 cos 
144  F12  F22  2F12  F12  18  F1 

2
144  F12  324  F12  2F1  18
36F1 = 180 F1 = 5N , F2 = 13 N [3]
a
Ans 14. d  u   2n  1
2
a a
12  u   4  1  u  3
2 2
a 7
20  u   8  1  u  a
2 2
8 = 2a  a = 4 ms–2
3
u  12  4
2
u = 6 ms–1
Distance travelled in 9 sec
1
s9  6  9   4  81
2
s9  216 m
(49)
Distance travelled in 5 sec [½]
1
s5  6  5   4  25
2
s5 = 30 + 50 = 80 m
s = s9 – s5 = distance travelled in 4 second after 5th second = 136 m
OR
VbG = Velocity of bullet with respect to gun

VbG  Vb  VG

Vb  VbG  VG
Vb = (80 – VG)
0.02(80 – VG) = 10 VG
80 = 500 VG + VG
80
VG   0.16 ms–1
501
Ans 15. When transverse wave travel through a medium, medium particle oscillates is a direction perpendicular to
the direction of wave motion. If a transverse wave is moving in X-direction then medium particle will oscillates
in Y-Z plane
T
Speed of travelling wave in wire is given by v 

if tension T = 4T then
4T t
v  2  2v [3]
 
Ans 16. (i) When lift in ascending with acceleration a = 2 ms–2

N1 = m(g + a)
N1 = 10(10 + 2)
N1 = 120 N [1]
(ii) When lift is descending with a = 2 ms–2
N2 = m(g – a)
= 10(10 – 2)
N2 = 80 N [1]
(iii) When left descend with constant speed
a=0
N3 = m(g – 0)
= mg
= 100 N [1]
(50)
Ans 17. Consider a capillary tube of radius r dipped in a liquid of surface tension T and density . The liquid with
the sides of the tube. Its meniscus will be concave. Let h is the height to which water rise in tube then
R 
A
r

B
h
C D
PA = PC = PD = atmospheric pressure
2T
PA  PB  ...(i)
R
R = radius if curvature of concave meniscus
PC – PB = gh = PA – PB = gh ...(ii)
2T
 gh
R
2T
h
gR
r
Rcos = r R=
cos 
2T cos 
h
gr
5  50  45 
Ans 18. K  0  [3]
5  2 
5  45  40 
K  0 
8  2 
8  95  20 
 
5  85  20 
8 × 85 – 160 = 95 × 5 – 100
60 = 205
205
0 =  34.2C [3]
6
OR
v T
V1 T1

V2 T2
1 T1

2 T2
(51)
T2 = 4T1
T2 = 4(300) = 1200 K°
T2 = 927°C
f
Kinetic energy per molecule = kB .T , {where f = degrees of freedom of gas molecules}
2
1
=  1.38  1023  300 f [3]
2
Ans 19. A
B
k
120° k
120° m 120°
When the m is displaced along c

ma = –2k x1 cos60° – kx
x cos60° = x1
= –2k x cos260°
2
 1
ma = –2k   x – kx
2
3 k
a x
2m
3k

2m
2m
T  2 [3]
3k
OR
(i) Damped Oscillation
The oscillation of a body whose amplitude goes on decreasing with time is defined as damped
oscillation. In these oscillation the amplitude of oscillation decreases potentially due to damping forces
like frictional force, viscous force, hysteresis etc.
t
[1½]
(52)
(ii) Free oscillation

The oscillation of particle with fundamental frequency under the influence of restoring force are defined
as free oscillations. The amplitude, frequency and energy of oscillation remain constant
y
t
[1½]
B
Ans 20.
v0
A
Let v0 be the velocity given to the bob of mass m so it can complete a vertical circle.
When particle is at highest point B, the tension in the string is minimum
m
mg
mv 2
T  mg 
r
mv 2
mg 
r
mv2 = mgr
apply conservation of energy at A and B
1 1
mv 02  2mgr  mv B2
2 2
mgr
= 2mgr 
2
v 0  5gr [3]
OR
l0
m
Let a block of mass m is attached with a light spring having spring constant k and relaxed length l0. The
block is given a velocity at this position toward right wards such that extension in spring is x. The work
done by spring
(53)
m
x
is stored as potential energy in the spring
x
 
dW   F . dx
0

W   Kx. dx
0
1
W   Kx 2
2
Potential energy = – work done by spring force
1 2
PE  Kx
2
 
1 2
1
KE of oscillation = mv 2 = m  A2  x 2
2 2
=
1
2

m2 A2  x 2 
1 1
TE(Total Energy) = mv 2  Kx 2
2 2
1 1 1
= m2 A2  Kx 2  Kx 2
2 2 2
and K = m2
1 1
TE = m2 A2  KA2
2 2
TE
KE
PE [3]
–x o x
Ans 21. M, R
I = I1 – I2
MR 2
I1 
2
2 2
1 R R
I2  M   M 
2 2 2
(54)
2 2 2 2
1 M R R M R R
I2  2
.        
2 R 2 2 R 2 2 2
1 M R2 M R2
= 
2 4 4 4 4
MR 2  2MR 2
=
32
3
= MR 2
32
MR 2 3
I=  MR 2
2 32
13
= MR 2 [3]
32
Ans 22. (a) Modulus of Rigidity : Within elastic limit, the ratio of tangential stress to shear strain in called
modulus of rigidity. [1]
Stress
(b) Y 
Strain
107
Y   1011 N/m2 [2]
10 4
Ans 23.
d P
r
R
Let P be the point at distance r from the centre of earth. M is the mass and R in the radius of earth.
The gravitation field at P is
GM 1 G M 4
g   . . r 3
r 2
r 2 4 3 3
R
3
GM
g  r ,r = R – d
R3
GM  d
g  2 
1 
R  R
 d
 g  g 1  
 R
g
g
d
d=R
(55)
When d = R
GM  R 
g  1  
R2  R 
GM
= 1  1  0 [3]
R2
Ans 24. The amount of heat Q flowing through a body depends on various factors
(i) It is directly proportional to the cross sectional area A.
(ii) It is directly proportional to the temperature difference (T1 – T2) between the opposite faces.
(iii) It is directly proportional to time t for which the heat flows.
(iv) It is inversely proportional to thickness x of the block.
(v) It depends on the nature of the material of the block.
A T1  T2  KA T1  T2  t
 Q or Q  [1]
x x
The coefficient of thermal conductivity of a material is defined as the quantity of heat that flows per unit
time through a unit cube of the material when its opposite faces are kept at a temperature difference of
one degree.
Its S.I unit is Js–1 m–1 K–1 or Wm–1 K–1. [1]
The ability of material to conduct the heat through it is known as thermal conductivity.
ML2 T 2 L  
Dimensions of K   MLT 3K 1  [1]
L2 K T 
Ans 25. y
3.5 5.5 7.5

x
(i) The wave is moving towards negative x direction [1]

(ii) y(x, t) = A sin(t + kx + ) [1]
when t = 0, x = 0
2 2  4 sin   
=  = 45°
dy  dy

dt k dx
 
20 3  tan60  20
k k
2
  20 

2
  20   10
4
(56)
 
y  x, t   4 sin  10t  kx  
 4 
2 2
  100  50
 4
 
y  x, t   4 sin  10t  50x  
 4 
(iii) Energy of travelling wave
1 2 2
E  A .
2
1
 
2
 50  103  10   4  102
2
=  4  102
2
1
=  50  100  2  10 3  16  10 4  4  10 2
2
 16  10 4 watt [3]
OR
When there is relative motion between the sound source and observer then observed frequency of sound
is different from the original frequency.
vs v velocity of source
vs
X
Source Observer v velocity of sound
line of sight
Direction of velocity of sound always from source to observer along the line of sight.
Say sound source emitting sound wave of time period T
at t = 0 distance between source and observer say = x
x
 time when sound will reach to observer t 
v
for second pulse distance between source and observer (x – vsT)
x  v sT
 time t   T 
v
x v sT x
 t  t   t  T   
v v v
v  v s 
t  T
v
1 v 
 apparent frequency f   f
t v  v s 
 v 
Apparent frequency when source is moving away from the observer f   f   [5]
 v  vs 
(57)
Ans 26. (a) The efficiency of engine is defined as the ratio of work done to the heat supplied i.e.,
Work done Wnet

 
Heat input Q1 Adiabatic
compression
Isothermal
Net work done during the complete cycle P A expansion
W = W1 + W2 + (–W3) + (–W4) B
adiabatic
= W1 – W3 = area ABCDA [as W2 = W4] D expansion
C
W W1  W3 Q1  Q2 Q
V
     1 2
Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Isothermal
compression
RT2 loge V3 / V4 

  1
or RT1 loge V2 / V1 
Since, points B and C lie on same adiabatic curve
1
T1  V3 
 T1V21  T2V31 or   ...(i)
T2  V2 
Also point D and A lie on the same adiabatic curve
1
T1  V4 
 T1V11  T2V41 or   ...(ii) [2]
T2  V1 
V3 V4
From eqn. (i) and (ii), we get V  V
2 1
V3 V2  V3   V2 
or V  V  loge  V   loge  V 
4 1  4  1
T2
So, efficiency of Carnot engine,   1  T
1
(b) The efficiency of the carnot engine depends only on the temperatures of source and sink. The efficiency
of carnot engine does not depend on the nature of the working substance. The efficiency of carnot
engine will be 100%, if the temperature of the sink is 0 K. As practically, we cannot attain a sink at
0 K. So it is not possible to have 100% efficiency. [3]
OR
(a) Slope given by – dP/dV
For isothermal process –PV = K
Differentiating both sides, we get
P.dV + V.dP = 0, V.dP = –P.dV
dP
 P / V ...(i)
dV
(58)
For adiabatic change Pv = K

Differentiating both sides
PV 1dV  V  dP  0
dP    P / V  dV ...(ii)
dP P
 
dV V
From eqn. (i) and (ii) [2]

We find that slope (dP/dV) of an adiabatic curve is  time the slope of (dP/dV) of an isothermal curve.
(b) Work done = Area under P–V graph
1
=  30  300  4500 J [3]
2
Ans 27. (a) [1½]
a
T T
T 4 kg
a
2 2T
5 kg
4a = 40 – T
a
5  2T  50
2
5a  4T  100
5a = 4(40 – 4a) – 100

5a = 160 – 16a – 100
21a = 60
60
a= ms–2
21
60
aA  ms–2
21
30
aB  ms–2
21
(59)
(b) 2 kg a [1½]
T
A
2T a
2
B 5 kg
T = 2a
a
5  50  2T
2
a
5  50  4a
2
13
a  50
2
100
a ms–2
13
100
aA  ms–2
13
50
aB  ms–2
13
(c) 2a = T – 20 [2]
a
 10  2T
2
a
 10  2  2a  20 
2
a
 10  4a  40
2
9
a  30
2
60
aA  ms–2 downwards
9
10
aB  ms–2 upwards
3
(60)
A 2 kg
1 kg B a/2
60
a ms2
9
30
aB  ms2
9
OR
(a) Second Law : The rate of change of linear momentum of a body is directly proportional to the external
force applied on the body and this change takes place always in the direction of the applied force,
i.e.,

dp
F

or F  k

dp
k
d mv  
dt dt dt
For body of constant mass

dv  dv 
F  km
dt
 kma ∵ a  dt  [2½]
 
In SI unit, k = 1

 F  ma
Derivation of first law from second law: According to Newton’s second law of motion the force acting
on the body is
F = ma
If no external force is applied, then
F = 0, ma = 0
i.e., when external force is zero, there will be no acceleration in the body. That means body at rest
will remain at rest and body in motion will keep moving along the some straight line which is the
explanation of first law of motion. Derivation of third law from second law: let, two bodies A and B
interact mutually in isolated system with each other.

Let, F BA = force exerted by A on B

d PB
= Rate of change of momentum of B.
dt

F AB = Force exerted on A by B.

dp A
= Rate of change of momentum of A.
dt
(61)
According to 2nd law of motion,

dpB dp A
F BA  and F AB 
dt dt

dpB dp A
 F BA  F AB  
dt dt

dp
If external force = 0 then 0
dt
(b) When there is no friction, the block slides down the inclined plane with acceleration, [2½]
a – g sin
When there is friction, then downward acceleration of the block is
a = g(sin – cos)
As the block slides a distance d in each case, so
1 2 1 2
d  at  at 
2 2
2
t 2 a t 2  nt 
  or 2   n2
t2 a t t 2
g sin 
or  n2
g  sin    cos  
or sin = n2 sin – n2 cos
or n2 cos = (n2 – 1)sin
 1   1 
or    1  2  tan    1  2  tan 45
 n   n 
1
or   1
n2

(62)

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Physics (Class XI) Solutions of Model Test Paper-1

R = radius of earth [1]

 = 0°, when vector are parallel

R A2  B 2 , when right angle to each other, cos90° = 0

Increase in potential energy of liquid is,

According to work – energy relation,

Area of cross-section of the neck = a

Mass of the ball = m

Where, k is the spring constant

Comparing equations (i) and (ii), we get:

Ans 20. Coefficient of linear expansion ()

Ans 21. (a) Heat Engines: [1½]

(b) T2 = 0°C = 273°K

(ii) Application of dimensional analysis

This is called second harmonic or first overtone. [2]

(a) Forced oscillation

From diagram, net force in vertical direction

f = sN and V = Vmax

Let at angle , the block is just to slide then

vF = 12.85 ms–1 [3]

Ans 14. (i) I11 = I22

P = (1.1 + 0.22 + 0.00005) × 105 N/m2

Ans 16. (a) [1]

In uniform circular motion angle between velocity and acceleration is 90°.

= 0.4 × 10 + 0.4 × 2R

94  86  94  86 

71  69  71  69 

KE = loss in energy

1 m1m2 2

1 m  2GM  GMm GMm

For an adiabatic change

But K = P1V1 = P2V2

= –mvx – mvx = –2mvx

Where v 2 is the mean square velocity of the molecules.

Vrms = 1.32 kms–1

Ans 27. (a) V   A2  x 2

V12  V22  2  x22  x12 

= i 12  15   j 12  6   k  15  6 

= i  27   6 j  21k  27i  6 j  21k

Sy = 0 when reach back to same level

Time period of pendulum is independent of the mass of the bob. [3]

For diatomic gas

 T 1  Ma L b M1LT 2 

T–1 = Ma – c [L]b + c T2c

= 63.25 ms–1 [1½]

GMm GMm GMm

GMm GMm GMm

m1u1  m2u2  m1v1

from (i), (ii) and (iii)

From work energy theorem

Surface energy = Surface tension × Change in surface are a

f = mg sin = mg cos

Ans 1. YES, it is true as at the closed end pressure is maximum [1]

A2 + B2 + 2ABcos = A2 + B2 – 2AB cos

Ans 6. Slope at PV graph for isothermal process

Ans 9. Yield point [2]

Work done in stretching it from zero to x.

A is aphelion P is perihelion and angular momentum is conserved in orbit

vp > vA, Hence speed of earth is greater at perihelion [2]

 FR 2  F12  F22  2F1F2 cos 

144  F12  F22  2F12  F12  18  F1 

144  F12  324  F12  2F1  18

36F1 = 180 F1 = 5N , F2 = 13 N [3]