m

1. A ball with a mass of 10kg is lifted to a height of 2m above the ground. The ball is then allowed to
fall to the ground. Calculate the potential energy of the ball when raised to 2.00m above the ground and
the velocity of the ball just when it reaches the ground.
Solution:
PE = mgh = 10.0kg x 9.8m/s2 x 2m = 196 J
V = √2KE/m = √2 x 196J / 10kg = 6.26m/s
2. A person of mass 70kg runs up a flight of stairs with a vertical height of 5m. If the trip takes 7s to
complete, calculate the person’s power.
Solution:
W= PE = mgh = 70 x 10 x 5 = 3500J
Power = W/T = 3500 J/ 7s = 500 W

3. Calculate the absolute pressure for a system, given a gauge pressure of 1.5 Mpa and a barometric pressure
(atmospheric pressure) of 104 kPa.
Solution:
absolute pressure = atmospheric pressure + gauge pressure
Patm= 104 kpa
Pabs=Patm+Pgauge
Pgauge= 1.5M Pa
= 1.5 × 1000kPa
= 1500kPa
Pabs= 1500 + 104
= 1604kPa
= (1604 / 1000)MPa
Pabs= 1.604 Mpa
4. A piston weighs 4.3 kgs and has a cross sectional area of 450 mm2. Determine the pressure that is exerted by
this piston on the gas in the chamber, as shown in the figure.
Assume gravitational acceleration 'g' to be 9.81 m/sec 2.
Solution:
F= mg
F = 4.3 × 9.81
= 42.18 N
P = (Force / Area)
=[(42.18/4.5 x 104)(N/m2)]
=9.37 x 104 N/m2 = 9.37 x 104 Pa (1kpa / 1000pa) = 93.7 kpa
5. Find the mass of air in a closed chamber measuring 35 ft × 20 ft × 10 ft, when the pressure is 17 lb/in 2 and the
temperature is 75°F. Assume air to be an ideal gas.
Solution:
P = 17 (lb / in2) × 122 (in2 / ft2)
= 2448 (lb / ft2)
V of the room = 35 × 20 × 10
= 7000 ft3.
TR = TF + 460
= 75 + 460
TR = 535°
R = (R /M)
R = [1545.3 {(ft–lb) / (lbm.mol–°R)}]
M for air = 28.97 lbm / lbm.mol
R = [(1545.3 ft–lb / lbm.mol–°R) / (28.97 lbm / lbm.mol)]
PV = mRT
m = PV / RT
= [(2448 lb / ft2 × 7000 ft3) / (53.27 ft–lb / lbm–°R × 535°R)]
= 601.2748 lbm.
6. Calculate the volume of a cylinder which contains 60 lbm of carbon dioxide at 230°F and 23 psig pressure.
Assume atmospheric pressure to be 14.7 psia.
Solution:
PV =mRT
P= 14.7 + 23
= 37.7psia
= [37.7 (lb / in2) × 144 (in2/ ft2)]
= [5429 (lb / ft2)]
T = 230 + 460
= 690°R
V = (mRT / P)
= [(60 lbm × 35.1 ft–lb / lbm–°R × 690°R) / (5429 lb / ft2)]
= 268.6626 ft3.
7. A container having a volume of 2.5 ft 3 initially contains oxygen gas at a pressure of 125 psia and a
temperature of 75°F. Oxygen then leaks from the container until the pressure drops to 100 psia, while the
temperature remains the same. Assuming ideal gas behavior, determine how many pounds of oxygen leaked out
of the container.
Solution:
For oxygen R = [(1545.3 ft–lb/lbm.mol-°R) / (32 lbm/lbm.mol)]
P1 = 125 psia
T1 = 75 + 460
= 535°R
V1 = 2.5 ft3
m1 = [(125 lb/in2 × 122 in2/ft2 × 2.5 ft3) / (48.3 ft–lb/lbm–°R × 535°R)]
= 1.74 lbm
P2 = 100 psia
T2 = T1 = 535°R
V2 = V1 = 2.5 ft3
m2 = (100 lb/in2 × 122 in2/ft2 × 2.5 ft3) / (48.3 ft–lb/lbm–°R × 535°R)
= 1.393 lbm
m2 – m1 = 1.393 – 1.74
= – 0.347 lbm
8. When 100 kJ of work is done on a closed system during a process, the total energy of the system increases by
55 kJ. Calculate how much heat is either added or removed from the system?

Solution:
Q = ΔE + W
Q + (100) = 55
Q = 55 – 100
= – 45 Kj
= 45 kj ; heat rejected

9. A group of twenty executives attend a board meeting in a room which measures 20 ft by 20 ft and has a 10 ft
ceiling. Assume that each person occupies 2.5 ft 3 and gives out about 375 Btu of heat per hour. Calculate the air
temperature rise occurring within 15 min of the start of the conference if the room is completely sealed and
insulated. Take cv for air as 0.1715 Btu/lbm°F.
Solution:
Vroom= 20 × 20 × 10 = 4000 ft3
Vair= 4000 – (20)(2.5) = 3950 ft3
m = (PV/ RT)
= [{(14.7)(144)(3950)} / (53.35)(530)]
= 295lbm
For the constant-volume process,
Cv=(ΔU/ ΔT) and ΔU=mCvΔT
Q + W = ΔU
ΔU = (20)(375) = 7500 Btu/hr
ΔU = (15 / 60)(7500) = 1875 Btu
ΔT = (ΔU /mcv)[(1875) / {(295)(0.1715)}] = 37°F
10.A container which has a volume of 0.1 m 3 is fitted with a plunger enclosing 0.5 kg of steam at 0.4 MPa.
Calculate the amount of heat transferred and the work done when the steam is heated to 300°C at constant
pressure.
Solutiuon:
Q = m(U2 – U1) + W
Q = m(U2 – U1) + m(P2v2 – P1v1) = m(h2 – h1)
v1 = (V1 / m) = (0.1 / 0.5) = 0.2 = 0.001084 + x1(0.4614)
x1 = (0.1989 / 0.4614) = 0.4321
h1 = hf+ x1hfg = 604.74 + 0.4311 × 2133.8 = 1524.6
h2 = 3066.8
Q = 0.5 (3066.8 – 1524.6) = 771.1 kJ
W = mP (v2 – v1) = 0.5 × 400 (0.6548 – 0.2) = 91.0 kJ
U2 – U1 = Q – W = 771.1 – 91.0 = 680.1 kJ
Q = m(u2 – u1) + W

U1 = uf + x1ufg = 604.31 + 0.4311 × 1949.3 = 1444.6

U2 = 2804.8
Q = 0.5 (2804.8 – 1444.6) + 91.0 = 771.1 kJ
11. Heat is transferred to steam at 50 lbf in a cylinder having a volume of 2 ft 3. The temperature of steam rises
from 300°F to 500°F while the pressure remains constant. Calculate (a) the heat transfer, (b) the work done
Assume the system to be a closed one.
Solution:
Q = m(U2 – U1) + W
Q = m(U2 – U1) + m(P2v2 – P1v1) = m(h2 – h1)
m = (V1 / v1) = (2 / 8.773) = 0.228 lbm
h1= 1184.3 h2 = 1283.9
(a) Q = 0.228(1283.9 – 1184.3) = 22.7 Btu
(b)W = mP(v2 – v1) = [(0.228 × 50 × 144) / 778](11.309 – 8.773)
=5.34 Btu

12. A chamber containing 0.04 m3 of a gas. The initial pressure which is supplied
by weights on the piston is 200 kPa. Keeping this pressure constant the chamber
is heated until the volume of the gas is 0.1 m3. Considering the gas in the
chamber as a system, calculate the work done by the system.
Solution:
W=PdV
=P(V2-V1)

=200 kpa x (0.1 x 0.4) m3

=12 kj
13.